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1.
Front Vet Sci ; 9: 885317, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36213408

RESUMEN

Etorphine is widely used in zoological medicine for the immobilization of large herbivores. All reported immobilization protocols for kulans use etorphine as the primary immobilizing agent. However, etorphine can trigger severe side effects and is highly toxic for humans, its availability is occasionally limited for use in wildlife medicine. Therefore, two different alpha-2 agonist-based protocols for the general anesthesia of kulans were investigated and compared with the standard etorphine immobilization. In total, 21 immobilizations were performed within the scope of routine husbandry management at the Serengeti-Park Hodenhagen. Kulans were darted using a ketamine-medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol (KMMB) protocol (n = 8, treatment group (TG) 1), a tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine-butorphanol (TZMB) protocol (n = 7, treatment group (TG) 2), or an etorphine-acepromazine-detomidine-butorphanol (EADB) protocol (n = 6, control group). Vital parameters included heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure (invasive), end tidal CO2 (etCO2), electromyography and core body temperature, which were all assessed every 10 min. For blood gas analysis, arterial samples were collected 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after induction. Subjective measures of quality and efficacy included quality of induction, immobilization, and recovery. Time to recumbency was longer for TG 1 (9.00 ± 1.67 min) and TG 2 (10.43 ± 1.79 min) compared to the induction times in the control group (5.33 ± 1.93 min). Treatment group protocols resulted in excellent muscle relaxation, normoxemia and normocapnia. Lower pulse rates combined with systolic arterial hypertension were detected in the alpha-2 agonist-based protocols. However, only in TZMB-immobilized kulans, sustained severe systolic arterial hypertension was observed, with significantly higher values than in the TG 1 and the normotensive control group. At 60 min following induction, medetomidine and detomidine were antagonized with atipamezole IM (5 mg/mg medetomidine or 2 mg/mg detomidine), etorphine and butorphanol with naltrexone IV (2 mg/mg butorphanol or 50 mg/mg etorphine), and midazolam and zolazepam with flumazenil IV (0.3 mg per animal). All three combinations provided smooth and rapid recoveries. To conclude, the investigated treatment protocols (KMMB and TZMB) provided a safe and efficient general anesthesia in kulans with significantly better muscle relaxation, higher respiration rates and improved arterial oxygenation compared with the immobilizations of the control group. However, the control group (EADB) showed faster recoveries. Therefore, EADB is recommended for ultra-short immobilizations (e.g., microchipping and collaring), especially with free-ranging kulans where individual recovery is uncertain, whereas the investigated treatment protocols are recommended for prolonged medical procedures on captive kulans.

2.
BMC Vet Res ; 18(1): 219, 2022 Jun 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35689280

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Passive integrated transponder devices (PIT tags) are a valuable tool for individual identification of animals. Similarly, the surgical implantation of transmitters and bio-loggers can provide useful data on animal location, physiology and behavior. However, to avoid unnecessary recapture and related stress of study animals, PIT tags and bio-loggers should function reliably for long periods of time. Here, we evaluated the retention of PIT tags, and of very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and bio-loggers that were either implanted subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber). RESULTS: Over a 21-year period, we implanted PIT tags in 456 individuals and failed to detect a PIT tag at recapture in 30 cases, consisting of 26 individuals (6% of individuals). In all instances, we were still able to identify the individual due to the presence of unique ear tag numbers and tail scars. Moreover, we implanted 6 VHFs, 36 body temperature loggers and 21 heart rate loggers in 28 individuals, and experienced frequent loss of temperature loggers (at least 6 of 23 recaptured beavers) and heart rate loggers (10 of 18 recaptured beavers). No VHFs were lost in 2 recaptured beavers. CONCLUSIONS: Possible causes for PIT tag loss (or non-detection) were incorrect implantation, migration of the tag within the body, a foreign body reaction leading to ejection, or malfunctioning of the tag. We speculate that logger loss was related to a foreign body reaction, and that loggers were either rejected through the incision wound or, in the case of temperature loggers, possibly adhered and encapsulated to intestines, and then engulfed by the gastro-intestinal tract and ejected. We discuss animal welfare implications and give recommendations for future studies implanting bio-loggers into wildlife.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Roedores , Roedores , Bienestar del Animal , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/veterinaria
3.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 53(1): 133-140, 2022 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35339158

RESUMEN

Thromboelastography (TEG) provides a global assessment of hemostasis and fibrinolysis and has broad applications to identify and monitor coagulation dysfunction in veterinary patients. Although alpacas are susceptible to a wide variety of coagulopathies, the assessment of TEG has not been reported in clinically healthy alpacas to date. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of recombinant human tissue factor (rhTF)- and kaolin-activated TEG and to establish reference intervals for TEG parameters (reaction [R] and clotting [K] times, angle [α], maximum amplitude [MA], and shear elastic modulus [G]) in healthy, adult alpacas. Kaolin and rhTF-activated TEG were performed using citrated whole blood samples from 20 clinically healthy, nonpregnant, adult Huacaya alpacas each after 30 min of sample storage at room temperature. Six individuals of a related species, dromedary camels, were also sampled for comparative purposes. All data were presented descriptively, assessed for normality, and compared using either independent-sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests, with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Reference intervals were calculated using a robust method and Box-Cox-transformed data. Mean TEG values (reference intervals) were determined for rhTF-activated TEG as follows: R 6.99 min (3.41-12.71), K 3.43 min (1.61-6.42), α 48.51° (27.21-67.38), MA 52.05 mm (21.53-65.92), and G 5.71 kdyn/cm2 (1.87-9.60), while mean values (reference intervals) for kaolin-activated TEG included R 7.72 min (4.48-11.43), K 4.24 min (2.03-9.20), α 45.06° (23.66-64.20), MA 52.18 mm (33.49-66.63), and G 5.78 kdyn/cm2 (NR-9.66). None of the measured TEG values differed significantly between activators, suggesting that activator choice may have a limited effect on TEG parameters in healthy alpacas. TEG results in alpacas were comparable to those of dromedary camels. These results will thus provide a useful starting point in the evaluation of hemostasis in adult camelids.


Asunto(s)
Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo , Tromboelastografía , Animales , Coagulación Sanguínea , Camelus , Caolín/farmacología , Tromboelastografía/veterinaria
4.
J Avian Med Surg ; 35(2): 161-166, 2021 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34256546

RESUMEN

Alfaxalone is an injectable neuroactive steroid anesthetic that is becoming more widely used as a sedative in a wide range of animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this drug for sedation during handling and noninvasive medical procedures in black-cheeked lovebirds (Agapornis nigrigenis). Based on a pilot study that showed that 5 mg/kg alfaxalone was inadequate, and that 20 mg/kg resulted in respiratory arrest in 1 bird, the effects of 12.6 ± 0.9 mg/kg alfaxalone administered subcutaneously was investigated in 9 birds. Despite minor movements and twitching, it was possible to handle all birds and to perform positioning for a ventrodorsal radiograph. A loss of reaction to noxious stimuli was not achieved during sedation. Times from injection to initial effect (mean ± SD) was 93 ± 48 seconds; to recumbency, 209 ± 70 seconds; to first handling for positioning the bird in lateral recumbency, 251 ± 68 seconds; to initial righting effort, 55 ± 8 minutes; and to perching for a minimum of 20 seconds, 76 ± 7 minutes. Median respiration rates between 5 to 45 minutes were 36 to 40 breaths/min; apnea was not noted in any bird. Birds received 0.5 L of oxygen/min via face mask. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate were measured via pulse oximetry in 8 birds continuously from 10 to 30 minutes, SpO2 values remained above 90%. During sedation, mean pulse rate decreased significantly over time (P = .007; 10 minutes = 409 ± 81 beats/min; 30 minutes = 324 ± 25 beats/min). The majority of birds had rough inductions and recoveries, which could have been minimized if birds had been placed in a more confined space. In summary, 12.6 mg/kg alfaxalone provided nearly 1 hour of stable, nonanalgesic sedation appropriate for noninvasive procedures in black-cheeked lovebirds.


Asunto(s)
Agapornis , Pregnanodionas , Animales , Inyecciones Intramusculares/veterinaria , Proyectos Piloto
5.
Vet Anaesth Analg ; 48(3): 372-379, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33820746

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare cardiovascular and ventilatory effects, immobilization quality and effects on tissue perfusion of a medetomidine-ketamine-midazolam combination with or without vatinoxan (MK-467), a peripherally acting α2-adrenoceptor antagonist. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, blinded, crossover study. ANIMALS: A group of nine healthy Patagonian maras (Dolichotis patagonum). METHODS: Maras were immobilized twice with: 1) medetomidine hydrochloride (0.1 mg kg-1) + ketamine (5 mg kg-1) + midazolam (0.1 mg kg-1) (MKM) + saline or 2) MKM + vatinoxan hydrochloride (0.8 mg kg-1), administered intramuscularly. Drugs were mixed in the same syringe. At 20, 30 and 40 minutes after injection, invasive blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, end-tidal CO2, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, and muscle oxygenation were measured, arteriovenous oxygen content difference was calculated. Muscle tone, jaw tone, spontaneous blinking and palpebral reflex were evaluated. Times to initial effect, recumbency, initial arousal and control of the head were recorded. Paired t test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test and analysis of variance were used to compare protocols; (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Vatinoxan significantly reduced systolic (p = 0.0002), mean (MAP; p < 0.0001) and diastolic (p < 0.0001) arterial blood pressures between 20 and 40 minutes. MAPs at 30 minutes (mean ± standard deviation) with MKM and MKM + vatinoxan were 105 ± 12 and 71 ± 14 mmHg, respectively. Without vatinoxan, four animals were hypertensive (MAP > 120 mmHg), whereas with vatinoxan, four animals were hypotensive (MAP < 60 mmHg). Muscle and jaw tone were significantly more frequently present with MKM (both p = 0.039). Other measurements did not significantly differ between protocols. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In Patagonian maras, vatinoxan attenuated the increase in blood pressure induced by medetomidine. Muscle and jaw tone were more frequently present with MKM, indicating that quality of immobilization with vatinoxan was more profound.


Asunto(s)
Ketamina , Medetomidina , Animales , Estudios Cruzados , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Inmovilización/veterinaria , Ketamina/farmacología , Medetomidina/farmacología , Midazolam/farmacología , Quinolizinas
6.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 51(1): 202-209, 2020 Mar 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32212564

RESUMEN

Nine cases of amyloidosis in caracals (Caracal caracal) from three different institutions in Europe were reviewed and evaluated histopathologically. The six males and three females died between 2008 and 2018 at an age of 6 yr ± 2.5 mo (median ± interquartile range). In two out of nine (2/9) animals, amyloidosis was an incidental postmortem finding; the animals died of bronchopneumonia and gastric ulceration due to Helicobacter spp., respectively. Seven (7/9) animals suffered from acute renal failure due to amyloidosis, one of them additionally of cardiac decompensation. The predominant clinical signs were weight loss, lethargy, dys- or anorexia, dehydration, increased BUN and creatinine, and azotemia. The main gross lesion was a pale renal cortex on cut surface; in two animals, the kidneys appeared enlarged. Histologically, glomerular amyloid was present in every animal (9/9), and was the predominant renal manifestation of amyloidosis. Additional findings included splenic amyloid (8/8), amyloid in the lamina propria of the intestine (5/5), and amyloid in the lingual submucosa (4/4). Gastric mineralization was present in four animals suffering from renal failure. In the animal dying from bronchopneumonia, severe pancreatic amyloid deposits mainly affecting the exocrine pancreas (1/5) were identified. Immunohistochemistry was employed to identify amyloid AA in eight cases; only in the caracal dying from bronchopneumonia AA was amyloid confirmed. In several organs, especially in those where only small amyloid deposits were detected, a Congo red stain was often necessary to confirm the deposition. The etiology of the amyloidosis remains unknown. Three caracals were related within two generations, another three within four generations, so one might hypothesize a familial trait. In conclusion, amyloidosis should be considered as a significant disease in the caracal. Particularly in cases with renal disease, it should be included as a major differential diagnosis.


Asunto(s)
Amiloidosis/veterinaria , Animales de Zoológico , Felidae , Amiloidosis/diagnóstico , Amiloidosis/etiología , Animales , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Europa (Continente) , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Masculino
7.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 1514, 2020 01 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32001737

RESUMEN

For free-ranging animals living in seasonal environments, hypometabolism (lowered metabolic rate) and hypothermia (lowered body temperature) can be effective physiological strategies to conserve energy when forage resources are low. To what extent such strategies are adopted by large mammals living under extreme conditions, as those encountered in the high Arctic, is largely unknown, especially for species where the gestation period overlaps with the period of lowest resource availability (i.e. winter). Here we investigated for the first time the level to which high arctic muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) adopt hypothermia and tested the hypothesis that individual plasticity in the use of hypothermia depends on reproductive status. We measured core body temperature over most of the gestation period in both free-ranging muskox females in Greenland and captive female muskoxen in Alaska. We found divergent overwintering strategies according to reproductive status, where pregnant females maintained stable body temperatures during winter, while non-pregnant females exhibited a temporary decrease in their winter body temperature. These results show that muskox females use hypothermia during periods of resource scarcity, but also that the use of this strategy may be limited to non-reproducing females. Our findings suggest a trade-off between metabolically-driven energy conservation during winter and sustaining foetal growth, which may also apply to other large herbivores living in highly seasonal environments elsewhere.


Asunto(s)
Hipotermia/metabolismo , Reproducción/fisiología , Rumiantes/fisiología , Alaska , Animales , Regiones Árticas , Temperatura Corporal , Femenino , Groenlandia , Herbivoria , Embarazo , Estaciones del Año
8.
J Exp Biol ; 222(Pt 18)2019 09 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31439654

RESUMEN

The ejection fraction of the trabeculated cardiac ventricle of reptiles has not previously been measured. Here, we used the gold standard clinical methodology - electrocardiogram-gated flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - to validate stroke volume measurements and end diastolic ventricular blood volume. This produced an estimate of ejection fraction in our study species, the red footed tortoise Chelonoidis carbonarius (n=5), under isoflurane anaesthesia of 88±11%. After reduction of the prevailing right-to-left intraventricular shunt through the action of atropine, the ejection fraction was 96±6%. This methodology opens new avenues for studying the complex hearts of ectotherms, and validating hypotheses on the function of a more highly trabeculated heart than that of endotherms, which have lower ejection fractions.


Asunto(s)
Volumen Sistólico/fisiología , Tortugas/fisiología , Anestésicos por Inhalación/administración & dosificación , Animales , Atropina/administración & dosificación , Electrocardiografía/métodos , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Femenino , Ventrículos Cardíacos , Isoflurano/administración & dosificación , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria
9.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 17124, 2018 11 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30459408

RESUMEN

Inhalant anesthesia is challenging in chelonians due to a great capacity for breath-holding and an incomplete separation of the cardiac ventricle. Deoxygenated blood can recirculate back into systemic circulation by bypassing the lung in a process referred to as intracardiac right to left (R-L) shunting. Via electrocardiogram gated magnetic resonance imaging, a novel modality to investigate arterial flows in reptiles, intracardiac shunting and its elimination via atropine during gas anesthesia in tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) was demonstrated. The great vessels of the heart were visualized confirming that after shunt-elimination, the flow (mean ± sd) in the pulmonary arteries increased significantly (54.6 ± 9.5 mL min-1 kg-1 vs 10.8 ± 3.4 mL min-1 kg-1; P < 0.008). Consequently, animals required significantly lower concentrations of inhaled anesthetics to maintain a stable anesthesia. To that end, the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane needed to maintain surgical anesthesia was measured. A significantly lower MAC was found after administration of atropine (mean MAC ± sd 2.2 ± 0.3% vs 3.2 ± 0.4%; P < 0.002). Previously, MAC has been indeterminable in chelonians likely due to intracardiac shunting, so this report constitutes the first MAC study performed in a tortoise.


Asunto(s)
Anestesia por Inhalación/veterinaria , Anestésicos por Inhalación/administración & dosificación , Corazón/fisiología , Isoflurano/administración & dosificación , Tortugas , Adyuvantes Anestésicos/administración & dosificación , Anestésicos por Inhalación/sangre , Animales , Atropina/administración & dosificación , Estudios Cruzados , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Isoflurano/sangre , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Arteria Pulmonar/fisiología , Circulación Pulmonar/fisiología , Distribución Aleatoria
10.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 49(3): 798-801, 2018 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30212318

RESUMEN

Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are expressed by the ruminal placenta, making their detection in blood an accurate indicator of pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate two commercially available PAG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in muskoxen ( Ovibos moschatus). The two tests are based on the same principles; however, one is evaluated photometrically and the other visually. Sixteen samples covering all trimesters of pregnancy, and 16 nonpregnant samples were included to evaluate test performance. Both tests reliably detected pregnancy. The photometric ELISA showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 100%, respectively. Although the visual ELISA depends on somewhat subjective interpretations, it came up with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 100%, and might thus provide a useful in-house tool when limited laboratory equipment is available. Analysis of additional samples showed consistent results during pregnancy and circulating PAGs for at least 18 days postpartum.


Asunto(s)
Glicoproteínas/sangre , Proteínas Gestacionales/sangre , Rumiantes/sangre , Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Femenino , Embarazo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
11.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 10347, 2018 07 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29985431

RESUMEN

Viruses may have a dramatic impact on the health of their animal hosts. The patho-physiological mechanisms underlying viral infections in animals are, however, not well understood. It is increasingly recognized that oxidative stress may be a major physiological cost of viral infections. Here we compare three blood-based markers of oxidative status in herpes positive and negative individuals of the domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus) and of both captive and free-ranging Mongolian khulan (Equus hemionus hemionus) and plains zebra (Equus quagga). Herpes positive free-ranging animals had significantly more protein oxidative damage and lower glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant enzyme) than negative ones, providing correlative support for a link between oxidative stress and herpesvirus infection in free-living equids. Conversely, we found weak evidence for oxidative stress in herpes positive captive animals. Hence our work indicates that environment (captive versus free living) might affect the physiological response of equids to herpesvirus infection. The Mongolian khulan and the plains zebra are currently classified as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Thus, understanding health impacts of pathogens on these species is critical to maintaining viable captive and wild populations.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Herpesviridae/fisiología , Estrés Oxidativo , Replicación Viral , Animales , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/metabolismo , Equidae , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Caballos , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Masculino , Carbonilación Proteica , Especificidad de la Especie
12.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 49(2): 361-370, 2018 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29900796

RESUMEN

Acute-phase reactants indicate inflammation and are increasingly used in veterinary medicine to indicate and to monitor progression of disease. Hemostasis and inflammation have interconnected pathophysiologic pathways and influence each other on different levels. This study established observed normal ranges for acute-phase reactants and for coagulation and thromboelastographic (TEG) parameters in 49 dromedary camels ( Camelus dromedarius) and assessed the response to chronic and acute inflammation. Chronically infected animals suffering from lymph abscessation due to Corynebacterium spp. had significantly higher concentrations of the acute-phase reactants haptoglobin ( P < 0.005) and fibrinogen ( P < 0.013) and an increased clot strength characterized by an increase of the TEG parameters MA ( P < 0.039), representing the maximum amplitude of the clot strengths, and G, the global clot strength ( P < 0.022), compared to healthy animals. When the acute-phase and hemostatic responses of 10 males receiving a gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine and of 9 males that were surgically castrated over 7 days were studied, haptoglobin proved to be a minor positive acute-phase protein, with moderate levels in healthy animals. It increased significantly after both vaccination and castration and remained elevated 7 days postinsult. The negative reactant iron significantly decreased over the 7-day period after castration, whereas a similar decrease following vaccination lasted less than 3 days. Fibrinogen reacted as a positive, minor reactant, with a significant increase and a peak on days 3-5, with higher values seen after castration. Prothrombin time showed a slight shortening at days 5-7, and the TEG parameters MA and G showed significantly increased values, similar to fibrinogen. The acute-phase protein serum amyloid A showed poor repeatability, suggesting that the assay was not reliable.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Fase Aguda/metabolismo , Reacción de Fase Aguda/veterinaria , Camelus , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/veterinaria , Hemostasis/inmunología , Reacción de Fase Aguda/inmunología , Reacción de Fase Aguda/microbiología , Animales , Corynebacterium/fisiología , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/inmunología , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Masculino , España
13.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 48(2): 578-580, 2017 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28749302

RESUMEN

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is well documented in snow leopards ( Uncia uncia ) and most common locations are oral, facial, or pedal. These two cases illustrate an unusual auricular presentation, which is more often reported in white domestic cats. The animals were aged and presented clinical signs of otitis such as head shaking and ear scratching. Clinical examinations showed auricular canal masses with chronic purulent otitis. In both cases, clinical deterioration led to euthanasia and histology of the ear canal was consistent with SCC and showed numerous vascular emboli. These cases illustrate an unreported aggressive localization for SCC in snow leopards, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of otitis in this species. Auricular SCC may be underdiagnosed as the ear canal is infrequently sampled for histopathology. This auricular localization should be considered when metastases are found upon necropsy without internal primary tumor.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinaria , Pabellón Auricular/patología , Felidae , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Animales , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología
14.
PLoS One ; 11(7): e0157963, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27403662

RESUMEN

Reproductive tract tumours, specifically leiomyoma, are commonly found in female rhinoceroses. Similar to humans, tumour growth in rhinoceroses is thought to be sex hormone dependent. Tumours can form and expand from the onset of ovarian activity at puberty until the cessation of sex-steroid influences at senescence. Extensive tumour growth results in infertility. The aim of this study was to down regulate reproductive function of tumour-diseased and infertile females to stop further tumour growth using a Gonadotropin releasing factor (GnRF) vaccine. Four infertile southern white (Ceratotherium simum simum) and three Greater one-horned rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis) with active ovaries and 2.7 ± 0.9 and 14.0 ± 1.5 reproductive tract tumours respectively were vaccinated against GnRF (Improvac®, Zoetis, Germany) at 0, 4 and 16 weeks and re-boostered every 6-8 months thereafter. After GnRF vaccination ovarian and luteal activity was suppressed in all treated females. Three months after vaccination the size of the ovaries, the number of follicles and the size of the largest follicle were significantly reduced (P<0.03). Reproductive tract tumours decreased significantly in diameter (Greater-one horned rhino: P<0.0001; white rhino: P<0.01), presumably as a result of reduced sex-steroid influence. The calculated tumour volumes were reduced by 50.8 ± 10.9% in Greater one-horned and 48.6 ± 12.9% in white rhinoceroses. In conclusion, GnRF vaccine effectively down regulated reproductive function and decreased the size of reproductive tract tumours in female rhinoceros. Our work is the first to use down regulation of reproductive function as a symptomatic treatment against benign reproductive tumour disease in a wildlife species. Nonetheless, full reversibility and rhinoceros fertility following GnRF vaccination warrants further evaluation.


Asunto(s)
Regulación hacia Abajo , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/inmunología , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/patología , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/inmunología , Ovario/metabolismo , Perisodáctilos , Carga Tumoral/inmunología , Vacunación , Animales , Proliferación Celular , Heces/química , Femenino , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/diagnóstico por imagen , Reproducción , Ultrasonografía
15.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 47(2): 645-9, 2016 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27468043

RESUMEN

The current report describes the temporary regression, due to intensive symptomatic treatment, of ulcerative skin lesions caused by squamous cell carcinoma in a white rhinoceros. A captive, 40-yr-old southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) developed profound, ulcerative skin lesions on the pads of both hind feet. At the peak of the disease, at least one quarter of the pads was affected. A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made via biopsy. Treatment included anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and local care. The lesions regressed on both feet until they seemed clinically healed. It was presumed that long-term, anti-inflammatory treatment and local bandaging had induced the temporary regression of the lesions. Two years later, however, a small ulcerative lesion reappeared on one pad and post mortem examination confirmed that the carcinoma was also histologically present in the clinically intact tissue. No metastasis was found and computed tomography showed normal digital bones.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinaria , Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Perisodáctilos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Animales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Vendajes , Ácido Benzoico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Benzoico/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Clorhexidina/administración & dosificación , Clorhexidina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Enfermedades del Pie/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Pie/terapia , Malatos/administración & dosificación , Malatos/uso terapéutico , Fenilbutazona/uso terapéutico , Ácido Salicílico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Salicílico/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/terapia
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