[The interactions along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the regulation of circadian rhythms, sleep mechanisms and disorders]. / Rol' vzaimosvyazei po osi mozg­kishechnik­mikrobiom v regulyatsii tsirkadiannykh ritmov, mekhanizmakh sna i ikh narushenii.

The bidirectional relationship between cerebral structures and the gastrointestinal tract involving the microbiota embraces the scientific concept of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The gut microbiome plays an important role in many physiological and biochemical processes of the human body, in the immune response and maintenance of homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of circadian rhythms. There is a relationship between the higher prevalence of a number of neurological disorders, sleep disorders and changes in the intestinal microbiota, which actualizes the study of the complex mechanisms of such correlation for the development of new treatment and prevention strategies. Environmental factors associated with excessive light exposure can aggravate the gut dysbiosis of intestinal microflora, and as a result, lead to sleep disturbances. This review examines the integrative mechanisms of sleep regulation associated with the gut microbiota (the role of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, unconjugated bile acids, bacterial cell wall components, cytokines). Taking into account the influence of gut dysbiosis as a risk factor in the development of various diseases, the authors systematize key aspects and modern scientific data on the importance of microflora balance to ensure optimal interaction along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the context of the regulatory role of the sleep-wake cycle and its disorders.

Non-viral systems for intracellular delivery of genome editing tools.

A hallmark of the last decades is an extensive development of genome editing systems and technologies propelling genetic engineering to the next level. Specific and efficient delivery of genome editing tools to target cells is one of the key elements of such technologies. Conventional vectors are not always suitable for this purpose due to a limited cargo volume, risks related to cancer and immune reactions, toxicity, a need for high-purity viral material and quality control, as well as a possibility of integration of the virus into the host genome leading to overexpression of the vector components and safety problems. Therefore, the search for novel approaches to delivering proteins and nucleic acids into cells is a relevant priority. This work reviews abiotic vectors and systems for delivering genome editing tools into target cells, including liposomes and solid lipid particles, other membrane-based vesicles, cell-penetrating peptides, micelles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, inorganic, polymer, metal and other nanoparticles. It considers advantages, drawbacks and preferred applications of such systems as well as suitability thereof for the delivery of genome editing systems. A particular emphasis is placed on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their potential in the targeted intracellular delivery of proteins and polynucleotides. It has been concluded that further development of MOF-based vectors and technologies, as well as combining MOFs with other carriers can result in safe and efficient delivery systems, which would be able to circulate in the body for a long time while recognizing target cells and ensuring cell-specific delivery and release of intact cargoes and, thereby, improving the genome editing outcome.

Sources of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Tissue Microenvironment of Hernioplasty Materials.

Titanium and polypropylene mesh endoprostheses were implanted into the rat abdominal cavity and the populations of cells migrating to their surface were analyzed. On both materials, the cells were presented mainly by macrophages that proliferated, activated, and fused to form multinuclear cells. Contact with the foreign surface triggered superoxide anion generation and myeloperoxidase synthesis by macrophages (these processes were more intense on polypropylene implants than on titanium ones) and stimulated production of nitric oxide by macrophage. It was hypothesized that the effects of free nitrogen and oxygen radicals lead to oxidation and destruction of the polypropylene endoprosthesis surface.

[Effect of the perturbed geomagnetic field on the metabolism of the rat connective tissue during heat exposure].

The biochemical data of the researches of the perturbed geomagnetic field influence on the metabolism of the rat's connective tissue by the heating are presented. The possibility of adrenal glands reaction modification under using the perturbed geomagnetic field after high temperature is shown.

[Effects of perturbed geomagnetic field on connective tissue metabolism and some systems of homeostasis after hydroxyapatite implantation]. / Vliianie iskazhennogo geomagnitnogo polia na metabolizm soedinitel'noi tkani i nekotorye sistemy gomeostaza pri implantatsii gidroksiapatita.

The influence of perturbed geomagnetic field (PGMF) on glucocorticoid, epinephrine, hydroxyproline content in intact rats and after intramuscular implantation of demineralized bone matrix and combined (hydroxyapatite/bone meal) samples was investigated. It was found that the exposure of the intact rats to PGMF led to decrease in free and peptide-bound hydroxyproline in plasma. In the rats with hydroxyapatite/bone meal samples placed in ectopic sites the exposure to PGMF normalized hydroxyproline, glucocorticoid and epinephrine content.