[Pilot experience with application of a novel pneumatic lithotripter LMA StonrBreaker in the treatment of urolithiasis].

The pneumatic lithotripter LMA StoneBreaker has been tested and proved effective in removal of uroliths of different location. It is a reliable and comfortable in use modality of contact destruction of the stones of the upper and lower urinary tracts. This lithotripter is perspective for wide urological practice.

[Transurethral endoscopic surgical procedures on the ureter].

Seven-year experience in examination and treatment of 92 patients with upper urinary tracts disease is analyzed. Potentials of modern endoscopes, technique of ureteroscopy, indications and contraindications for transurethral endo-surgical procedures on the ureter including in anomalies of the kidneys and upper urinary tracts are described. Results of surgeries for tumors, concrements, ureteral strictures and relevant complications are reported.

[Dynamic magnetic resonance prostatovesiculography in diagnosing prostatic cancer]. / Dinamicheskaia magnitno-rezonansnaia prostatovezikulografiia v diagnostike raka predstatel'noi zhelezy.

Dynamic MR prostatovesiculography (DMRP) is a new method of prostatic cancer diagnosis based on the ability of cancer tissue to accumulate contrast substance (omniscan) than benign tissue. Urologists from the I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy have examined 23 patients (5 patients with prostatic cancer and 18 suspects) who have undergone standard investigations (test for PSA, finger rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound investigation) and DMRP. DMRP detected prostatic areas suspected of malignancy. Taking biopsy from such areas verified diagnosis of prostatic cancer in 2 patients.

[Differential diagnosis of renal colic]. / Differentsial'naia diagnostika pochechnoi koliki.

Potential of modern examinations in differential diagnosis of renal colic and other emergency states is considered. Renal ultrasonography permits in the majority of cases to make diagnosis based on dilatation of caliceal-pelvic system, sometimes with detection of obstruction cause. It is necessary to differentiate parapelvical cysts from dilatation of caliceal-pelvic system, therefore pharmacultrasonic examination of the kidneys with lasix is recommended. Color dopplerography of the urinary bladder with detection of urine ejection from ureters ostia is analogue of conventional invasive diagnostic method--chromocystoscopy. Magnetic-resonance urography is updated non-invasive, non-contrast and non-radiation method of diagnosis of urinary tract dilatation.

[Magnetic resonance urography: possibilities and prospects]. / Magnitno-rezonansnaia urografiia: vozmozhnosti i perspektivy.

A new technique of urinary tracts visualization--magnetoresonance urography (MRU)--for a year (2000) was applied in examination of 25 patients aged 17 to 63 years with ureteral concrements (n = 11), ureteropelvic stenosis (n = 10), ureteral stenosis (n = 2), urinary bladder tumor (n = 1), Ormond's disease (n = 1). MRU provides the same information about the obstruction and dilatation of the urinary tracts as excretory urography (EU). In cases of EU contraindication (allergy, renal failure) or lack of contrast substance excretion, MRU allows to avoid additional invasive diagnostic procedures. It also enables visualization of non-dilated urinary tracts in medicinal polyuria. Non-invasiveness, no need to contrast, absence of radiation load open wide perspectives for MRU application in various groups of patients including pregnant women.

[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. / Ksantogranulematoznyi pielonefrit.

Based on the evidence obtained on 28 cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XP), the authors suggest to distinguish two XP clinical forms: obstructive and nonobstructive. The former may occur in noticeable destruction of renal tissue and urine retention secondary, most frequently, to long-standing nephrolithiasis. The latter simulates by symptoms and examination results renal carcinoma. In suspicion of nonobstructive XP, the surgeon should consider fast-made intraoperative biopsy to decide on feasibility of sparing intervention.