Intra-peritoneal versus retropubic implantation of three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis: Patient-reported outcomes and complications.

INTRODUCTION: The role of reservoir position was investigated in this series of patients treated with three-pieces penile prosthesis implantation (PPI). The outcomes and the patients' reported quality of life after insertion of the balloon in the retropubic space, or the Retzius's space (SOR), were compared with the outcomes of patients who received an intraperitoneal implantation (IP). The study aimed to analyze how the anatomy of the SOR influenced the long-term results of PPI, especially in patients who have been previously exposed to pelvic surgery or radiotherapy. The SOR has usually been identified as ideal for concealing and protecting the reservoir; nevertheless, an increasing rate of patients that ask for a PPI do not conserve the typical favorable characteristic of the SOR. In these cases, the tissue alteration can cause a higher rate of undesired events and can impair the satisfaction from device use. In the recent literature, few articles focus on the topic of reservoir position and very poor information is available about the results of the IP insertion. MATERIALS: Our cohort of patients was retrospectively inspected; the two different subgroups, according to the reservoir position (SOR or IP) were evaluated considering the pre-operative condition, the post-operative complication, the development of undesired events or uncomfortable sensations during the follow-up. The quality of life after PPI was observed as well, with a questionnaire specifically developed for patients treated with PPI. The surgical technique adopted for the intraperitoneal implantation was described. RESULTS: The results of penile prosthesis functionality and patients' and partners' reported quality of life (QoL) showed similar results between the two groups but greater satisfaction in the relational domain of the questionnaires adopted was described in the IP subgroup. CONCLUSION: According to our observations, the IP reservoir insertion guarantees good functionality and lower rates of undesired events after PPI.

Male-to-Female (MtoF) gender affirming surgery: Modified surgical approach for the glans reconfiguration in the neoclitoris (M-shape neoclitorolabioplasty).

PURPOSE: The aim of this article is to describe our modified surgical technique for the reconfiguration of the glans in the clitoris and the labia minora, known as the "M-shape neoclitorolabioplasty". METHODS: The glans with all its neurovascular bundle is isolated from the corpora cavernosa, incised in Y-shape mode and spread in order to obtain an M-shape glandular flap. The "belly" of the M-shape glans will constitute the triangular neoclitoris meanwhile the lateral flaps will constitute the labia minora. The inferior apex of the neoclitoris is fixed to the superior apex of the previously spatulated urethra. The two glans flaps are incised transversally to increase their length and sutured to the sides of the spatulated urethra forming the labia minora. Our technique permits to create an aesthetically pleasing neovagina preserving all the glandular erogenous sensitivity. RESULTS: 94 patients have been treated with our modified technique of male-to-female (MtoF) gender affirming surgery. At median follow-up of 27.57 months, 81 (86.1%) patients reported vaginal intercourse and 78 (82.9%) patients referred presence of erogenous sensitivity during dilatations, intercourse or masturbations. All the glandular tissue is preserved and reconfigured forming the neoclitoris and the labia minora. The M-shape reconfiguration permit to create an aesthetically pleasant neoclitoris. CONCLUSIONS: This technique could be applied safely and easily to patients undergoing gender affirming surgery, allowing the creation of a neovagina with the best possible erogenous sensitivity without losing aesthetical results.

Systematic review of studies reporting perioperative and functional outcomes following male-to-female gender assignment surgery (MtoF GAS): a call for standardization in data reporting.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to accomplish a systematic review on the surgical techniques available for male-to-female gender assignment surgery (MtoF GAS) published in the last 15 years, from January 2002 to May 2017, assessing advantages and disadvantages. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A specific search on MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases included vaginoplasty for gender exchange. Preoperative (age, gender, body mass index, prior surgery), intraoperative (mean operating time, intraoperative complications, transfusion rate, conversion rate), postoperative (hospital stays, readmission rate, early and late complication rate), postoperative sexual activity, subjective satisfaction, vaginal depth, and long-term outcomes (vaginal stenosis, prolapse, dyspareunia and labial abscess) data of vaginoplasty for sexual exchange were collected. 29 articles were included (2.402 patients). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Out of the 29 papers, 19 studies assessed penile skin inversion and 10 evaluated intestinal vaginoplasty. No comparative studies were found. Penile skin inversion vaginoplasty reported slightly shorter operative time compared to intestinal vaginoplasty (109-420 vs 145-420 minutes). Intraoperative complications for penile skin inversion vaginoplasty not exceeded an incidence of 10%. No significant differences in terms of postoperative complications or hospitalization time were reported. Intestinal vaginoplasty provides a deeper neovagina. Female Sexual Function Index score was significantly higher in patients undergoing intestinal vaginoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: A standardized data collection may allow a better understanding of effectiveness and outcomes of different techniques.