[Neurological diseases after lightning strike : Lightning strikes twice]. / Neurologische Erkrankungen nach Blitzschlag : Lightning strikes twice.

Lightning strikes rarely occur but 85 % of patients have lightning-related neurological complications. This report provides an overview about different modes of energy transfer and neurological conditions related to lightning strikes. Moreover, two case reports demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary treatment and the spectrum of neurological complications after lightning strikes.

[Provision of assistive devices in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Analysis of 3 years case management in an internet-based supply network]. / Hilfsmittelversorgung bei der amyotrophen Lateralsklerose. Analyse aus 3 Jahren Fallmanagement in einem internetunterstützten Versorgungsnetzwerk.

BACKGROUND: The provision of assistive devices (PAD) is a key element of care in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since 2011, assistive devices (AD) have been coordinated in an internet-supported care network at university-based ALS centers in Berlin, Bochum, Hannover and Jena. The digitization of PAD processes has facilitated the evaluation of real-life ALS care. OBJECTIVES: Orthotics (OT), augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), supported treadmill (ST) and powered wheelchair (PW) were the PAD groups analyzed for delivery rates (proportion of delivered AD vs. medically indicated AD), rejection by patients and payers and latency of provision of care. RESULTS: Between June 2011 and October 2014 a total of 1479 patients and 12,478 AD were coordinated, among which 3313 PAD were related to OT, AAC, ST or EM. The median delivery rate was 64.3 %. The mean rejection rate by patients was 9.8 % (OT 5.4 %, AAC 9.8 %, ST 10.2 % and PW 15.6 %). Marked differences were noted in the rejection rate by payers and in care provision latency: OT (16.2 %, 68 days, n = 734), AAC (30.4 %, 96 days, n = 392), ST (34.8 %, 113 days, n = 164) and PW (35.6 %, 129 days, n = 259). Analysis of rejection rates showed significant differences among insurers. CONCLUSION: Only two thirds of the medically indicated AD reached the patients. Rejection rates by patients and payers and latency of provision of care were high. The PAD can substantially vary among health insurance companies. The establishment of consented criteria for PAD and their integration into treatment regimens and guidelines are crucial tasks for the future.

[Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, CD143) in the regular pulmonary vasculature]. / Angiotensin-I-converting-Enzym (ACE, CD143) in regelrechtem humanem Lungengewebe.

Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE, CD143) is an endothelial transmembrane Zn2+-dipeptidylpeptidase. By formation of angiotensin II and degrading bradykinin it acts as a vasoconstrictor. We examined endothelial ACE expression in human pulmonary vessels in specimens from 20 female and 19 male patients (age: 34-76 years) by immunohistochemistry. In all specimens, capillary endothelial cells showed the strongest expression, followed by those in arterioles and arteries. Venules and veins showed next to no staining. The differences in staining intensities were significant ( P<0.001). Sex affected neither the expression intensity nor the expression pattern. Summarizing, we demonstrate the existence of a vessel-type specific ACE expression pattern for pulmonary vessels. The nearly exclusive endothelial ACE expression in capillaries and arterial vessels points to ACE as an immunohistochemical marker for these vessels in normal lung tissue.

First results on the incorporation and excretion of 15N from orally administered urea in lactating pony mares.

Two lactating pony mares were given oral offers of 20 g 15N urea [95 atom-% 15N-excess (15N')] on 6 subsequent days. About 80% of the consumed 15N' were excreted via urine and faeces, but only about 2% via milk. The 15N' secreted via milk-lysine only amounted to 0.04% of the 15N' intake. The recovery was about 90% in each case. Tissues with active metabolism had an unexpectedly high labelling (greater than 0.3 atom-% 15N'). The low extent of the conversion of oral urea N into milk-lysine speaks against an essential participation of the enteral synthesis in meeting the amino acid requirement of lactating mares. It was already concluded from this results that the determination of the amino acid requirement will be necessary for this group of performance.

[The effect of different high doses of field peas on the digestibility of their crude nutrients in colostomized laying hens]. / Untersuchungen zum Einfluss verschieden hoher Gaben an Futtererbsen auf die Verdaulichkeit ihrer Rohnährstoffe bei kolostomierten Legehennen.

Five groups of five colostomized laying hens each received 0 g, 15 g, 30 g, 45 g and 60 g peas of the variety Grapis per animal and day with Triticum rations. The apparent digestibility of the crude nutrients of the rations and the peas was determined, ascertained according to the difference method in dependence on their quotas in the rations. The digestibility of the N-free extracts of the peas increases by 3 digestion units each under the influence of the increasing intake of peas, so that the digestibility of the organic matter of the peas increases with the growing quota. On an average of the 20 individual values the following digestion values for the pea variety Grapis are indicated: organic matter 66.9%, crude protein 78.5%, crude fat 48.7%, N-free extracts 70.3%. Energy concentration amounts to 572 EFU-hen/kg dry matter.

[The effect of different high levels of soy extract pellets in the ration on the digestibility of crude nutrients, basic and sulfur-containing amino acids of wheat in colostomized laying hybrids]. / Einfluss verschieden hohen Niveaus an Sojaextraktionsschrot in der Ration auf die Verdaulichkeit der Rohnährstoffe, basischen und schwefelhaltigen Aminosäuren des Weizens bei kolostomierten Legehybriden.

In two digestibility experiments with 4 colostomized laying hybrids each, the influence of 12.5% (ration 1) and 25% soybean meal (ration 2) on the digestibility of the crude nutrients, the basic and sulphur-containing amino acids in the wheat rations was tested. In ration 1 the digestibility of the crude protein was 84.9%, of the crude fat 56.6% and that of the N-free extractives 87.4%; for ration 2 the values were 83.6%, 47.4% and 82.5%. The digestibility values for wheat acquired with the difference method for ration 1 were 85.7% for crude protein, 57.0% for crude fat and 89.8% for N-free extractives; energy concentration was 766 EFUhens. For wheat supplemented with 25% soybean meal the same digestibility value of the crude protein could be ascertained, the digestibility of the crude fat and the N-free extractives, however, was lower than for ration 1 so that an energy concentration lower by 3.9% was calculated. The possible causes of the influence of the different levels of lysine and thioamino acids on the digestibility of these amino acids of wheat are described.

[Organ manifestations of malignant lymphoma. Results of 10 years' sonographic follow-up of 550 patients]. / Organmanifestationen maligner Lymphome. Ergebnisse einer 10jährigen sonographischen Verlaufsbeobachtung von 550 Patienten.

Over a period of 10 years and by performing slightly more than 5,000 examinations, the incidence rate of organ infiltrations in case of malignant lymphomas was determined in 550 patients. 316 of these patients had non-Hodgkin lymphomas of low malignancy (NHLL), 127 non-Hodgkin lymphomas of high malignancy (NHLH) and 107 patients had lymphogranulomatosis. Liver infiltrations were detected in 30.9% of the patients with LG, in 31.5% of the patients with NHLH and in 13% of the patients with NHLL. In respect of histology, sonography had a sensitivity of 89 and a specificity of 95%. 17.8% of the patients with LG, 8.7% of those with NHLH and 6% of those with NHL had a nodular spleen infiltration; only 2 out of 21 patients of whom comparative histology was available had been falsely assessed negatively. In 2.8% of the patients with LG, 13.4% of those with NHLH and 5% of those with NHLL an infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract was seen. Compared with histological findings, sonography had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 93.2%. Infiltrations of the pleura were more frequent in patients with lymphogranulomatosis (13.1%) than in patients with NHLH (7.8%) or NHLL (3.8%). The same phenomenon was seen in infiltrations of the pericardium (LG 10.3%, NHLH 8.7%, NHLL 2.8%). Infiltrations of thyroid, kidneys and urinary bladder are less frequent; the assessed rate of incidence is at the most 2%. Sonography is the imaging method of choice in the diagnosis and follow-up control of organ infiltrations in malignant lymphomas.

The effect of selenium deficiency on reproduction and milk performance of goats.

Even with a high vitamin E offer, Se deficiency (less than 38 micrograms/kg DM of the ration) led to a 33% lower conception rate (P less than 0.05) in goats and to a greater than 50% lower number of kids on the 91st day of life. The Se deficiency reduced the milk production significantly by 23% during the first 56 days of lactation, the milk fat production by 11% and the milk protein production by 12%.

[Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism in laying hens after the administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 10. 15N-labeling of crude protein and amino acids of the oviducts]. / Dynamik des Aminosäuren- und Proteinstoffwechsels der Legehennen nach Applikation von 15N-markiertem Weizenprotein. 10. Mitteilung. 15N-Markierung des Rohproteins und der Aminosäuren des Oviduktes.

Over a period of 4 days 12 colostomized laying hens daily received 36 g coarse wheat meal containing 14.37 atom-% 15N excess (15N') together with a conventional ration. After the homogenisation of each oviduct N and 15N' were determined. After the precipitation with TCA the 15N' of the amino acids was analysed in both the precipitate and the supernatant. In addition, the free amino acids and the peptides were determined in the TCA soluble fraction. The atom-% 15N' in the total N and in the non-basic amino acid N showed a parallel decrease; it diminished from 1.75 atom-% 15N' to 0.64. Of the three basic amino acids, lysine shows the lowest labelling at all four measuring points. The quotas of non-basic amino acid 14N and 15N' in the total 14N and 15N' of the oviduct are the same and amount to 53%. In contrast to this, the quota of the 14N of the basic amino acids in the total 14N of the oviduct only amounts to 21.6% and that of 15N' only to 15.4%. The average atom-% 15N' of the free amino acids 12 h after the last 15N application is 1.54 and is considerably above that of the peptides with 1.15 atom-% 15N'. 36 h after the last 15N application the ascertained value of 1.25 is identical in both fractions. The labelling of the free amino acids decreases more quickly than that of the peptides the more time has passed after the last 15N application.

[Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism in laying hens after the administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 11. Incorporation of 15N in the tissues and the amino acids of the muscles]. / Dynamik des Aminosäuren- und Proteinstoffwechsels der Legehennen nach Applikation von 15N-markiertem Weizenprotein. 11. Mitteilung. Inkorporation des 15N in das Gewebe und die Aminosäuren der Muskulatur.

Over a period of 4 days 12 colostomized laying hens daily received 36 g 15N labelled wheat with 15N excess (15N') of 14.37 atom-% together with a conventional feed mixture for laying hens. The labelling of the lysine N in the wheat was 13.58 atom-%, that of histidine N 14.38 and that of arginine 15N' 13.63 atom-% 15N'. Three hens each were butchered 12, 36, 60 and 108 h after the last 15N' feeding. The first three hens did not receive any feed before being butchered. The following three hens each received the unlabelled feed ration for another 1, 2 or 4 days resp. after the main period until they were butchered. The total of skeleton muscles, the heart and the stomach muscle (without inner skin) of each hen were combined into one sample, cut thinly, drenched with fluid nitrogen and pulverized. N, 15N' and the basic and non-basic amino acids as well as their 15N' were determined in the individual samples. In contrast to the organs, the proteins in the muscle tissue have a long half life so that a slight decrease of atom-% 15N' in the muscles could only be detected after 108 h. The 14N and 15N' quota of the non-basic amino acids in the total nitrogen of the muscles is 50%. The 14N quota of the basic amino acids is 30% and the 15N' quota only 22.5% in the total muscle N. The heavy nitrogen of the free lysine in the TCA soluble N fraction is hardly detectable 36 h and 60 h after the last 15N' supply and not at all after 108 h. In contrast to this, the other two free basic amino acids remain significantly higher labelled in dependence on the last butchering time.

[Ruminal 15N-straw degradation in sacco and the in vivo digestibility of 15N from straw in the sheep and pony]. / Der ruminale 15N-Stroh-Abbau in sacco und die In-vivo-Verdaulichkeit von 15N aus Stroh beim Schaf und Pony.

The nylon-bag method was applied for determination of the rumen degradation of dry matter and nitrogen of 15N-labelled wheat straw. For the experiment 4 wethers fitted with a rumen cannula were used. The bags containing 15N straw were introduced into the rumen and withdrawn 3, 6 or 12 h after incubation. In a second experiment the apparent 15N-digestibility of the same straw was determined in wether and pony. The dry matter disappearance varied between 6 and 23%. For 15N-labelled straw the disappearance of 15N was higher than that of total N. 12 h after incubation 71% of 15N and only 25% of total N were disappeared. It was calculated that after incubation rumen microbial-N in the nylon bag increased from 31% (3 h) to 45% (6 h) and 61% (12 h) resp. The apparent 15N digestibility amounted 53 +/- 2% for wethers and 51 +/- 2% for ponies.

[The effect of different levels of soybean extract meal on the apparent digestibility of crude nutrients and amino acids in colostomized laying hens]. / Untersuchungen zum Einfluss gestaffelter Gaben an Sojaextraktionsschrot auf die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit der Rohnährstoffe und Aminosäuren bei kolostomierten Legehennen.

Four colostomized laying hens per group were given a ration of barley and soya bean oil meal (SBM) with 12.5, 25.0 and 37.5% SBM resp. The crude protein intakes were 14.0, 17.7 and 21.4 g per animal and day. The lysine intake raised from 681 mg (group 1) to 1275 mg (group 3) per animal and day. The digestibility of dry matter and of the N-free extracts of the ration decreased with the rising SBM portion in the ration. The digestibility of crude protein remained constant. The investigated amino acids (Lys, His, Arg, Cys, Met) were higher digested in the 37.5% SBM ration than in the 12.5% SBM ration. The following digestibility values for SBM were found by means of the difference method: Dry matter 52.5%, crude protein 83.1%, crude fat 51.7%, crude fibre 5.5%, N-free extracts 50.6%. The level of the SBM did not influence the digestibility of the crude nutrients. The apparent digestibility of lysine from SBM depended on the level of intake and was found to be 82.3, 83.4 and 89.0%, resp. There were no differences in the digestibility of other amino acids.

[The phosphorus supply of pigs in the body weight category of 11-38 kg. 1. The effect of the phosphorus supply on the performance, nutrient digestibility, protein and fat content in soft tissue and skeleton and protein and fat deposits]. / Untersuchungen zur Phosphorversorgung von Schweinen im Lebendmasseabschnitt von 11-38 kg. 1. Mitteilung. Der Einfluss der Phosphorversorgung auf die Leistung, die Nährstoffverdaulichkeit, den Protein- und Fettgehalt im Weichgewebe und Skelett sowie den Protein- und Fettansatz.

The influence of phosphorus supply on performance and nutrient composition of the empty body was studied in two individual feeding experiments with two and three groups resp. (7 or 8 animals per group). The phosphorus content of the unsupplemented diet was in the experiments I and II 2.97 and 2.41 g/kg, the supplemented phosphorus (as monocalcium phosphate) amounted of 2.5 and 2.33 g/kg diet respectively. The phosphorus supplementation increased live weight gain in both experiments by 84 and 45% and improved feed conversion by 35 and 23% respectively. Phosphorus deficiency did not influence the digestibility of nutrients. The fat content of soft tissue and skeleton of the phosphorus deficient animals was increased. They deposited 0.7 kg more fat (in both experiments) and 1.5 or 0.7 kg less protein in experiment I and II respectively. The utilisation of energy for deposition was not influenced by the different phosphorus supply.

[The determination of the rate of protein synthesis of the whole body of growing broilers]. / Zur Bestimmung von Proteinsyntheseraten des Gesamtkörpers wachsender Broiler.

The purpose of the investigations was to prove a method, developed for monogastric mammalians, based on a 3-compartment-model and assuming a proportional growth of the pools of total N, whether it is applicable to growing poultry. The tracer, 15N-L-lysine, was given quasi-continuously for four days. In this time and in the following period of five days without tracer intake, the 15N-excretion in the urine was measured. The average of the live weight of the broiler cockerels was 1724 g. The animals were obliged to be colostomized to sample the urine. Using the fluxes of lysine, the calculation of the whole body protein synthesis rate yields 64.1 g/d. The protein degradation rate yields 54.4 g/d. The adequate values of the fractional rates of protein synthesis and -degradation for the whole body (without feathers) were 23.3% respectively 19.8%. By this it is clearly shown, that the applied method gives real dates of the parameters of the N-metabolism for growing broilers, which are in the range of values for muscle proteins and proteins of the whole body of growing poultry, published by other authors.

[Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism of laying hens after the administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 8. 15N-labeling of nitrogen and 15N incorporation into the amino acids of the liver]. / Dynamik des Aminosäuren- und Proteinstoffwechsels der Legehennen nach Applikation von 15N-markiertem Weizenprotein. 8. Mitteilung. 15N-Markierung des Stickstoffs und die 15N-Inkorporation in die Aminosäuren der Leber.

Over 4 days 12 colostomized laying hens received, together with the ration, 36 g wheat with 14.37 atom-% 15N excess (15N'), The basic amino acids were nearly equally labelled. Three animals each were butchered after 12 h, 36 h, 60 h, and 108 h after the last 15N' application. Emission spectrometric determination of 15N' in the liver and in the amino acids was carried out. In addition, atom-% 15N' was determined in the free amino acids and the peptides. The labelling in the liver 12 h after the last 15N' application amounted to 1.75 atom-% 15N' and decreased after 108 h to 0.81 atom-% 15N'. The average TCA precipitable 15N' quota in the total 15N' amounted to 81.4% and was nearly identical at all measuring times. The arginine 15N' amount in the liver was twice as high as that of lysine 15N'. In dependence on the period of time after the last 15N' application the decrease in the labelling of the free arginine is considerable in comparison to free lysine. At the first measuring time (12 h) it was 1.69 atom-% 15N' and at the last one (108 h) 0.57 atom-% 15N'. Based on the results of 15N' labelling of the peptides in the liver further, more detailed series of experiments for studies of the peptide metabolism in the liver should be carried out.

[Protein digestibility of 15N-labeled wheat bran and its transit time through the digestive tract of the human]. / Die Proteinverdaulichkeit 15N-markierter Weizenkleie und ihre Passagezeit durch den Verdauungstrakt des Menschen.

Six healthy human subjects were given 15N-labelled wheat bran in addition to a normal diet. The apparent digestibility of 15N was 84%. The gastrointestinal transit time varied between 25 and 35 h.

[Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism of laying hens after administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 6. 15N incorporation into the contents and tissue of segments of the gastrointestinal tract and into the pancreas]. / Dynamik des Aminosäuren- und Proteinstoffwechsels der Legehennen nach Applikation von 15N-markiertem. Weizenprotein. 6. Mitteilung. 15-N-Inkorporation Inhalt und Gewebe von Segmenten des Gastrointestinaltraktes und in das Pankreas.

12 colostomized laying hens received, together with a conventional feed ration, 15N labelled wheat with a 15N excess (15N') of 14.37 atom-% over 4 days. 3 animals each were butchered after 12 h, 36 h, 60 h and 108 h after the last 15N' application and, apart from various organs, the contents and the tissue of the gastro-intestinal tract of each hen was divided into 3 fractions. TCA precipitation was carried out with the contents and the tissue of the 3 fractions. Nitrogen and its atom-% 15N' were determined in the supernatant and the precipitate. The 15N' amount in the contents of the crop and the stomachs, the small and large intestines is still considerable 12 h after the last 15N wheat feeding and still clearly detectable 108 h after it. The TCA precipitable amounts of 14N and 15N' of the contents of crop and stomach and that of the small intestine agree well; they are 75% and 50% resp. of the total N. The amount of atom-% 15N' of the contents of the small and large intestines remains the same up to 36 h after the last 15N' application and is higher at the following measuring points in the contents of the large intestine. A close correlation could be ascertained between the atom-% 15N' in the contents and tissue of the small and large intestines. The TCA soluble N quotas of both 14N and 15N' in the pancreas are higher than 50%.

[Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism of laying hens after administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 7. Incorporation into the amino acids and peptides of the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas]. / Dynamik des Aminosäuren- und Proteinstoffwechsels der Legehennen nach Applikation von 15N-markiertem Weizenprotein. 7. Mitteilung. Inkorporation in die Aminosäuren und Peptide des Gastrointestinaltraktes und des Pankreas.

In a 15N labelling experiment 12 colostomized laying hens received 15N labelled wheat with 14.37 atom-% 15N excess (15N') over 4 days. 3 hens each were butchered after 12 h, 36 h, 60 h and 108 h after the last 15N' application. The gastro-intestinal tract was divided into 3 parts (oesophagus with crop and gizzard as well as glandular stomach, small intestine, large intestine). These parts and the pancreas were hydrolysed with 6 N HCl and the individual basic as well as the sum of acid and neutral amino acids were determined in the hydrolysed fractions. In addition, the amino acids and peptides were determined in the TCA soluble N fraction. The atom-% 15N' was determined in the individual amino acid and peptide fractions. The labelling of the basic amino acids in the individual tract segments was lower than in the acid and neutral amino acids. In comparison to the peptides, a higher atom-% 15N' could be determined in the free amino acids.

[Testing of the digestibility of crude nutrients and of the applicability of tapioca for laying hens and young chickens]. / Prüfung der Verdaulichkeit der Rohnährstoffe und der Einsatzwürdigkeit von Tapioka bei Legehennen und Nachzucht.

By means of the difference method an apparent digestibility of 88.3% of the organic matter, 50.4% of the crude protein, 25.1% of the crude fat, 12.7% of the crude fibre and 94.2% of the N-free extractives of Thai tapioca meal was ascertained in colostomized laying hens. It is possible to use 20% tapioca meal in the feed for chickens and pullets without a decrease in performance. Two experiments with laying hens were carried out with 5-30% tapioca. Egg production decreases slightly with a tapioca quota of 10% and more. This is why a feeding limit of 5% is recommended. With 20% tapioca the decrease of performance was 1.5%. Tapioca meal diminishes the intensity of the yellow of the yolks. Cereals may be partially substituted by tapioca in the feed for chickens, pullets and laying hens.

[Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism of laying hens after administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 5. Incorporation of 15N into the blood fraction and its amino acids]. / Dynamik des Aminosäuren- und Proteinstoffwechsels der Legehennen nach Applikation von 15N-markiertem Weizenprotein. 5. Mitteilung. Inkorporation des 15N in die Blutfraktionen und deren Aminosäuren.

12 colostomized laying hens which received 15N labelled wheat over 4 days were butchered 12 h, 36 h, 60 h and 108 h (3 animals each) after the last 15N application. The intake of 15N excess (15N') from the wheat amounted to 540 mg 15N' during the application period. The 15N' in the blood plasma decreased after the last 15N' application from 0.76 atom-% to 0.55 atom-% after 108 h, the labelling of the corpuscular components at the same measuring points increased from 0.28 to 0.50 atom-% 15N'. 96.6% of the plasma 15N' and 93.8% of that in the corpuscles is precipitable in trichloric acetic acid. The atom-% 15N' of histidine in the total blood remained unchanged in dependence on the butchering time. The 15N amount in lysine and arginine and that in the non-basic amino acids decreased inconsiderably in the period between 12 h and 108 h after the last 15N' wheat feeding.