[Contamination Characterization and Human Exposure Levels to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Indoor and Outdoor Air in Industrial Park of Suzhou City].

Eight polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in indoor and outdoor air particles were collected using higher-volume active sampling techniques from different functional areas, including an industrial workplace, office, domestic area, and scenic area in an industrial zone, in Suzhou city, and the samples were analyzed by GC-MS. The total concentration of PBDEs ranged from 9.22-64.15 pg·m-3 (average 20.93 pg·m-3), and 1.06-8.44 pg·m-3(average 5.11 pg·m-3)in indoor and outdoor air, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of PBDEs in indoor PM10 was significantly higher than that in the outdoor PM10. The average concentrations of PBDEs in the air of the different sampling areas were in the order:industrial workplace

[Pollution Characteristics of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants in a Wastewater Treatment Plant].

Sewage water, the influent of the secondary sedimentation tanks, the final effluent, sludge from biological pools, and dewatered excess sludge samples from eight wastewater treatment plants (WWPTs) in Suzhou, including those from seven A2/O processes and one oxidation ditch process, were collected in 2017 to study the pollution characteristics of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in WWPTs. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) combined with a solid-phase extraction method was used to detect the concentration of 10 organic phosphorus flame retardant (OPFRs). The removal efficiency of OPFRs was compared and final daily emissions were estimated. The results showed seven kinds of OPFRs were detected in the influent, final effluent, and sludge. The total content of OPFRs in the influent ranged from 0.74 to 222.65 µg ·L-1 (average 65.56 µg ·L-1), while the content in the final effluent was between 0.46 and 175.41 µg ·L-1 (average 22.99 µg ·L-1). The concentration in the effluent of the secondary sedimentation tank was between 0.48 and 178.14 µg ·L-1 (average 43.14 µg ·L-1). The daily emission of OPFRs in final effluent was 36.69-2177.12 g ·d-1. The content in the dewatered excess sludge was between 89.32 and 596.24 µg ·g-1 dw (average 249.35 µg ·g-1 dw), the minimum daily emission was 3.57-7.15 kg ·d-1, and the maximum was 47.70-95.40 kg ·d-1. The oxidation ditch process has a good removal rate of OPFRs, at 92%, while the A2/O process removal rate covered a large range from 11%-99%. Three chlorinated OPFRs, TCEP, TCPP, and TDCPP, were the main components in the influent and final effluent, mainly because of the large consumption of OPFRs and also because the removal rate by the traditional wastewater treatment technology was low.

[Contamination Characteristics and Human Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Road Dust from Suzhou City].

The contamination levels and distribution characteristics of four organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in 25 outdoor dust samples collected in Suzhou were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The exposure to OPFRs via ingestion and inhalation of dust were also estimated for adults, children, and professional street sweepers. Four types of OPFRs were detected in all dust samples at different levels; the total OPFRs concentrations ranged from non-detected (ND) to 8901.66 ng·g-1, with a median of 1039.21 ng·g-1. The concentrations of TCPP, TBEP, TDCPP, and TCEP were in the range of 0-6931.46, 0-2021.15, 0-788.44, and 0-62.16 ng·g-1, respectively. The daily intake of ∑OPEs under a high dust ingestion scenario was 125.68, 915.78, and 6314.16 pg·kg-1 for adults, children, and professional street sweepers, respectively. The estimated exposure of children to ∑OPEs was six times higher than that of adults. However, the daily intake of OPFRs via dust inhalation was 3.07E-02, 1.89E-02, and 1.54E-01 pg·kg-1 for adults, children, and professional street sweepers, respectively. These findings indicated that the occurrence of OPFRs in the dust poses a significant risk to children and professional street sweepers.

[Biosorption characteristics of Cu2+ by spent substrate of pleurotus oyster].

To solve the problems of heavy metal pollution and agricultural wastes reclamation, spent substrate of pleurotus oyster was used as adsorbents to remove Cu2+ from aqueous solution. The effects of pH value, adsorption time, temperature and initial Cu2+ concentration on the adsorption behavior were determined by single factor experiments. The mechanisms were preliminarily investigated by SEM-EDX, FTIR and XRD analysis. The results of single factor experiments showed that the adsorption rate and capacity reached 74.46% and 0.7446 mg x g(-1) respectively at an adsorbent concentration of 10 g x L(-1), a pH of 6, an adsorption time of 120 min, an adsorption temperature of 30 degrees C and an initial Cu2+ concentration of 8 mg x L(-1). The experimental data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm models and R2 reached 0.994 9, indicating the adsorption was a monolayer chemisorption. SEM-EDX, FTIR and XRD analysis indicated that the adsorption process mainly depended on the physical and chemical adsorption onto the substrate surface through electrostatic attraction, complexation and coordination reaction. The -OH, -COOH and -NH were the functioning groups for Cu2+ adsorption.