RESUMEN
The commercial value of silkworms has been widely explored and the effects of fluoride exposure on silkworms' breeding and silk production cannot be ignored. Bombyx mori is a commonly used model to explore the mechanisms of fluorosis. In the present study, we analyzed the differences in physiological and biochemical indicators after exposing larva to NaF, then evaluated differential genes and proteins. Compared to control, larvae exposed to 600 mg L-1 NaF presented decreased bodyweight, damaged midgut tissue, and were accompanied by oxidative stress. The RNA-seq showed 1493 differentially expressed genes (574 upregulated and 919 downregulated). Meanwhile, the TMT detected 189 differentially expressed proteins (133 upregulated and 56 downregulated). The integrative analysis led to 4 upregulated and 9 downregulated genes and proteins. Finally, we hypothesized that fluoride exposure might affect the intestinal digestion of silkworms, inhibit the gene expression of detoxification enzymes and stimulate cellular immune responses. Our current findings provided new insights into insect fluorosis.
Asunto(s)
Bombyx , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Contaminantes Ambientales , Fluoruros , Proteínas de Insectos , Fluoruro de Sodio , Animales , Bombyx/efectos de los fármacos , Bombyx/genética , Bombyx/metabolismo , Sistema Digestivo/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Digestivo/metabolismo , Fluoruros/toxicidad , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/farmacología , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/genética , Larva/metabolismo , Seda/biosíntesis , Fluoruro de Sodio/toxicidad , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Chlorophylls (Chls, Chl a and Chl b) are tetrapyrrole molecules essential for photosynthetic light harvesting and energy transduction in plants. Once formed, Chls are noncovalently bound to photosynthetic proteins on the thylakoid membrane. In contrast, they are dismantled from photosystems in response to environmental changes or developmental processes; thus, they undergo interconversion, turnover, and degradation. In the last twenty years, fruitful research progress has been achieved on these Chl metabolic processes. The discovery of new metabolic pathways has been accompanied by the identification of enzymes associated with biochemical steps. This article reviews recent progress in the analysis of the Chl cycle, turnover and degradation pathways and the involved enzymes. In addition, open questions regarding these pathways that require further investigation are also suggested.
Asunto(s)
Clorofila/metabolismo , Investigación , Clorofila/química , Enzimas/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Global warming is a serious challenge plant production has to face. Heat stress not only affects plant growth and development but also reduces crop yield and quality. Studying the response mechanisms of plants to heat stress will help humans use these mechanisms to improve the heat tolerance of plants, thereby reducing the harm of global warming to plant production. Research on plant heat tolerance has gradually become a hotspot in plant molecular biology research in recent years. In view of the special role of chloroplasts in the response to heat stress in plants, this review is focusing on three perspectives related to chloroplasts and their function in the response of heat stress in plants: the role of chloroplasts in sensing high temperatures, the transmission of heat signals, and the improvement of heat tolerance in plants. We also present our views on the future direction of research on chloroplast related heat tolerance in plants.
Asunto(s)
Cloroplastos/metabolismo , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Fitomejoramiento , Termotolerancia/genética , Productos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Calentamiento Global , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Edible fleshy fruits are important food sources in the human diet. Their yield and nutritional quality have long been considered as breeding targets for improvement. Various developing fleshy fruits with functional chloroplasts are capable of photosynthesis and contribute to fruit photosynthate, leading to the accumulation of metabolites associated with nutritional quality in ripe fruit. Although tomato high-pigment mutants with dark-green fruits have been isolated for more than 100 years, our understanding of the mechanism of chloroplast development in fleshy fruit remain poor. During the past few years, several transcription factors that regulate chloroplast development in fleshy fruit were identified through map-based cloning. In addition, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms that how these transcription factors regulate chloroplast development. This review provides a summary and update on this progress, with a framework for further investigations of the multifaceted and hierarchical regulation of chloroplast development in fleshy fruit.