RESUMEN
Climate change presents formidable challenges to forest biodiversity and carbon storage. Bamboo forests will be affected particularly in Southwest China's mountainous regions. Bamboo serves as not only a key food resource and habitat for giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca but also a potential carbon sink due to its rapid energy-to-matter conversion capability. We employ the MaxEnt model to project the distribution shifts of 20 giant panda foraged bamboo species in Sichuan Province under future climate scenarios, utilizing climate data of 30m resolution. Based on the changes in the diversity and distribution area of bamboo communities caused by climate change, the changing of giant pandas' food resources and the carbon storage of bamboo forests were calculated. The results indicated that the area of bamboo communities is projected to expand by 17.94%-60.88% more than now by the end of the 21st century. We analyzed the energy balance between the dietary needs of giant pandas and the energy provided by bamboo. We predicted that bamboo communities from 2000 to 2150 could support the continuous growth of the giant panda population (6533 wild individuals by 2140-2150 in an ideal state in Sichuan province). However, the species diversity and carbon storage of bamboo forests face out-of-sync fluctuations, both temporally and spatially. This is a critical issue for subalpine forest ecosystem management under climate change. Therefore, we propose a dynamic conservation management framework for giant panda habitats across spatial and temporal scales. This framework aims to facilitate the adaptation of subalpine forest ecosystems to climate change. This innovative approach, which integrates climate change into the conservation strategy for endangered species, contributes a conservation perspective to global climate action, highlighting the interconnectedness of biodiversity preservation and climate mitigation.
RESUMEN
As human activities continue to expand, wildlife persistence faces escalating threats from roads. In Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park, the local giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are divided into two population groups along the National Highway G350 (NHG). Therefore, selecting suitable areas to help those giant pandas communicate across the NHG is necessary. In this research, we evaluated the presence of human activities and simulated their absence to analyze how they affect the giant panda's habitat in Wolong. Subsequently, based on the kernel density estimation (KDE) for giant pandas and the main human distribution locations, we selected suitable areas for the population link between the two road sections on the NHG. We simulated the absence of human activities on the two road sections to compare changes in the habitat suitability index (HSI) and connectivity value (CV) relative to their presence. We aimed to carefully select the area for future giant panda corridor plans and simulate whether eliminating human activities will significantly improve the HSI and CV of the area. Our results show that: (1) Human activities presence has led to subtle changes in the landscape pattern of suitable habitats and a decrease in Wolong by 78.76 km2 compared to their absence. (2) Human activities presence significantly reduced HSI and CV in the 1000 m buffer along the NHG compared to their absence. (3) The HSI and CV of the 1000 m buffer in the simulated absence of human activities for the two road sections were significantly higher than their presence. This research identified the optimal road section for crossing the NHG to link giant panda population groups and habitats in Wolong. These insights are significant for formulating conservation decisions and corridor plans and for promoting wildlife conservation in reserves amid high levels of human activity.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated whether the lack of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) increases endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by releasing activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage degeneration. METHODS: Articular cartilage from the tibial plateau was obtained from patients with OA during total knee replacement. Cartilage extracted from severely damaged regions was classified as degraded cartilage, and cartilage extracted from a relatively smooth region was classified as preserved cartilage. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining was used to detect chondrocyte apoptosis. HDAC4, ATF4, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression levels were measured using immunohistochemistry staining and real-time quantitative PCR. Chondrocytes were transfected with HDAC4 or HDAC4 siRNA for 24 h and stimulated with 300 µM H2O2 for 12 h. The chondrocyte apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. ATF4, CHOP, and caspase 12 expression levels were measured using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 15) were randomly divided into three groups and transduced with different vectors: ACLT + Ad-GFP, ACLT + Ad-HDAC4-GFP, and sham + Ad-GFP. All rats received intra-articular injections 48 h after the operation and every three weeks thereafter. Cartilage damage was assessed using Safranin O staining and quantified using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score. ATF4, CHOP, and collagen II expression were detected using immunohistochemistry, and chondrocyte apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. RESULTS: The chondrocyte apoptosis was higher in degraded cartilage than in preserved cartilage. HDAC4 expression was lower in degraded cartilage than in preserved cartilage. ATF4 and CHOP expression was increased in degraded cartilage. Upregulation of HDAC4 in chondrocytes decreased the expression of ATF4, while the expression of ATF4 was increased after downregulation of HDAC4. Upregulation of HDAC4 decreased the chondrocyte apoptosis under endoplasmic reticulum stress, and chondrocyte apoptosis was increased after downregulation of HDAC4. In a rat anterior cruciate ligament transection OA model, adenovirus-mediated transduction of HDAC4 was administered by intra-articular injection. We detected a stronger Safranin O staining with lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores, lower ATF4 and CHOP production, stronger collagen II expression, and lower chondrocyte apoptosis in rats treated with Ad-HDAC4. CONCLUSION: The lack of HDAC4 expression partially contributes to increased ATF4, CHOP, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in OA pathogenesis. HDAC4 attenuates cartilage damage by repressing ATF4-CHOP signaling-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in a rat model of OA.
Asunto(s)
Factor de Transcripción Activador 4 , Apoptosis , Cartílago Articular , Condrocitos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Histona Desacetilasas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Apoptosis/fisiología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Condrocitos/metabolismo , Condrocitos/patología , Factor de Transcripción Activador 4/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción Activador 4/genética , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasas/genética , Masculino , Ratas , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico/efectos de los fármacos , Cartílago Articular/patología , Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Humanos , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/patología , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/metabolismo , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Factor de Transcripción CHOP/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Osteoartritis/patología , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Proteínas RepresorasRESUMEN
Background: Monocyte-endothelial cell (EC) interactions are one of the earliest events in the development of atherosclerosis and play a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Although attempts have been made to modulate this interaction, the underlying molecular signalling mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in monocyte-EC interactions. Methods: The expression of MALAT1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin, CCL2 and CXCL1 was evaluated in ApoE-/- mouse aortic tissues and inflamed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The regulatory impact of MALAT1 on cell adhesion molecules, monocyte-EC adhesion, and autophagy was assessed. The interactions between MALAT1 and microRNAs (miRNAs) were evaluated using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Results: MALAT1 expression decreased in ApoE-/- mouse aortic tissues and inflammatory HUVECs. MALAT1 overexpression suppressed the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CXCL1, and reduced the migration and adhesion of monocytes to ECs. Inhibition of MALAT1 promoted cell adhesion molecule expression and monocyte-EC interactions. Mechanistically, MALAT1 binds directly to miR-30b-5p and decreases its effective expression by functioning as an endogenous sponge, thereby increasing the expression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) and stimulates endothelial autophagy. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that MALAT1 suppresses monocyte-EC interactions by targeting miR-30b-5p and enhancing ATG5-mediated endothelial autophagy. These data imply that MALAT1 may play a protective role at the early stages of the atherosclerotic process.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The use of high-frequency electric welding technology for intestinal end-to-end anastomosis holds significant promise. Past studies have focused on in vitro, and the safety and efficacy of this technology is uncertain, severely limiting the clinical application of this technology. This study investigates the impact of compression pressure, energy dosage, and duration on anastomotic quality using a homemade anastomosis device in both in vitro and in vivo settings. METHODS: Two hundred eighty intestines and 5 experimental pigs were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. The in vitro experiments were conducted to study the effects of initial pressure (50-400 kpa), voltage (40-60 V), and time (10-20 s) on burst pressure, breaking strength, thermal damage, and histopathological microstructure of the anastomosis. Optimal parameters were then inlaid into a homemade anastomosis and used for in vivo experiments to study the postoperative porcine survival rate and the pathological structure of the tissues at the anastomosis and the characteristics of the collagen fibers. RESULTS: The anastomotic strength was highest when the compression pressure was 250 kPa, the voltage was 60 V, and the time was 15 s. The degree of thermal damage to the surrounding tissues was the lowest. The experimental pigs had no adverse reactions after the operation, and the survival rate was 100%. 30 days after the operation, the surgical site healed well, and the tissues at the anastomosis changed from immediate adhesions to permanent connections. CONCLUSION: High-frequency electric welding technology has a certain degree of safety and effectiveness. It has the potential to replace the stapler anastomosis in future and become the next generation of new anastomosis device.
Asunto(s)
Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Intestino Delgado , Presión , Animales , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Porcinos , Intestino Delgado/cirugía , Resistencia a la Tracción , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) plays an important role in cell proliferation and gene expression, and is highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues. Guided by our previous reported structure of DCPR049_12, we focused on designing and evaluating selective CARM1 inhibitors, resulting in the identification of compound 11f as a promising lead candidate. Compound 11f displayed potent inhibition of CARM1 (IC50 = 9 nM). Comprehensive evaluations, including in vitro metabolic stability assessments, molecular modelling, cellular studies, and in vivo anti-tumor studies, confirmed that it induced cancer cell apoptosis and specifically inhibited CARM1's methylation function. Notably, compound 11f displayed significant anti-proliferative effects on colorectal cancer cell lines, showcasing its potential for targeted therapies against CARM1-related diseases. This study provides valuable insights for the future development of specific and effective CARM1 inhibitors.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferasas , Humanos , Línea Celular , Apoptosis , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The management of early gastric cancer (EGC) has witnessed a rise in the utilization of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as a treatment modality, although prognostic markers are needed to guide management strategies. This study investigates the prognostic implications of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in ESD-eligible EGC patients, specifically its implications for subsequent radical surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter study from two primary hospitals analyzed clinicopathological data from 1369 EGC patients eligible for ESD, who underwent gastrectomy at Shanghai Cancer Center and Huashan Hospital between 2009 and 2018. We evaluated the relationship between LVI and lymph node metastasis (LNM), as well as the influence of LVI on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: We found a strong association between LVI and LNM (p < 0.001). Advanced machine learning approaches, including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting, confirmed the pivotal role of LVI in forecasting LNM from both centers. Multivariate analysis identified LVI as an independent negative prognostic factor for both RFS and OS, with hazard ratios of 4.5 (95% CI: 2.4-8.5, p < 0.001) and 4.4 (95% CI: 2.1-8.9, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LVI is crucial for risk stratification in ESD-eligible EGC patients, underscoring the necessity for radical gastrectomy. Future research should explore the potential incorporation of LVI status into existing TNM staging systems and novel therapeutic strategies.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Right hemicolectomy is the standard treatment for right-sided colon cancer. There is variation in the technical aspects of performing right hemicolectomy as well as in short-term outcomes. It is therefore necessary to explore best clinical practice following right hemicolectomy in expert centres. METHODS: This snapshot study of right hemicolectomy for colon cancer in China was a prospective, multicentre cohort study in which 52 tertiary hospitals participated. Eligible patients with stage I-III right-sided colon cancer who underwent elective right hemicolectomy were consecutively enrolled in all centres over 10 months. The primary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative 30-day anastomotic leak. RESULTS: Of the 1854 patients, 89.9 per cent underwent laparoscopic surgery and 52.3 per cent underwent D3 lymph node dissection. The overall 30-day morbidity and mortality were 11.7 and 0.2 per cent, respectively. The 30-day anastomotic leak rate was 1.4 per cent. In multivariate analysis, ASA grade > II (P < 0.001), intraoperative blood loss > 50â ml (P = 0.044) and D3 lymph node dissection (P = 0.008) were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative morbidity. Extracorporeal side-to-side anastomosis (P = 0.031), intraoperative blood loss > 50â ml (P = 0.004) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.004) were identified as independent risk factors for anastomotic leak. CONCLUSION: In high-volume expert centres in China, laparoscopic resection with D3 lymph node dissection was performed in most patients with right-sided colon cancer, and overall postoperative morbidity and mortality was low. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal technique for right hemicolectomy in order to improve outcomes further.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Colon , Laparoscopía , Humanos , Fuga Anastomótica/epidemiología , Fuga Anastomótica/etiología , Fuga Anastomótica/cirugía , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Prospectivos , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Colectomía/efectos adversos , Colectomía/métodos , Morbilidad , Factores de Riesgo , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
China announced the development of its first 5 national parks in 2021, the primary objective of which is to conserve the natural state and integrity of natural ecosystems. As such, ecosystem services and biodiversity levels are crucial assessment factors for the parks. For Giant Panda National Park (GPNP), we evaluated ecological sensitivity based on water and soil erosion and rocky desertification; ecosystem services based on headwater conservation, soil and water conservation, and biodiversity conservation; and presence of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and sympatric species (e.g., takin [Budorcas taxicolor], Asiatic black bear [Ursus thibetanus]) habitat suitability derived from niche modeling to identify the ecosystem status and assess ecological problems within the park. From our results, we proposed ecologically critical areas to target to meet the park's goals. The suitable habitat for pandas and sympatric species encompassed 62.98% of the park and occurred mainly in the Minshan Mountains. One quarter of the total area (25.67%) contained areas important for ecosystem services. Ecologically sensitive and extremely sensitive areas covered 88.78% of the park and were distributed mainly in Qionglaishan and Minshan Mountains. This coverage indicated that there was much habitat for pandas and sympatric species but that the ecosystems in GPNP are vulnerable. Therefore, ecologically critical areas encompassed all suitable habitats for all the species examined and areas important and extremely important to ecosystem service provision,ecologically sensitive and extremely sensitive areas, encompassed 15.17% of panda habitat, accounted for 16.37% of the GPNP area, and were distributed mainly in the Minshan Mountains. Our results indicated where conservation efforts should be focused in the park and that by identifying ecologically critical areas managers can provide targeted protection for wildlife habitat and ecosystems and effectively and efficiently protect the composite ecosystem. Additionally, our methods can be used to inform development of new national parks.
Medición de los servicios ambientales y la sensibilidad ecológica para una conservación integral en el Parque Nacional del Panda Gigante Resumen China anunció el crecimiento de sus primeros cinco parques nacionales en 2021, con el objetivo principal de conservar el estado natural y la integridad de los ecosistemas naturales. Para ello, los servicios ambientales y los niveles de biodiversidad son factores cruciales de evaluación para los parques. Para poder identificar el estado del ecosistema y evaluar los problemas ecológicos dentro del Parque Nacional del Panda Gigante (PNPG), analizamos la sensibilidad ecológica con base en la erosión del agua y del suelo y la desertificación rocosa; los servicios ambientales con base en el suministro de conservación del agua, del agua y del suelo y de la biodiversidad; y la idoneidad de hábitat del panda gigante (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y de especies simpátricas (takín [Budorcas taxicolor], oso negro asiático [Ursus thibetanus]) derivada del modelo de nichos. A partir de nuestros resultados proponemos enfocarnos en áreas ecológicamente críticas para lograr los objetivos del parque. El hábitat idóneo para los pandas y las especies simpátricas englobó el 62.98% del parque y se ubicó principalmente en las montañas Minshan. Un cuarto del área total (25.67%) albergó áreas importantes para los servicios ambientales. Las áreas ecológicamente sensibles y extremadamente sensibles cubrieron el 88.78% del parque y se distribuyeron en las montañas Minshan y Qionglaishan. Esta cobertura indica que hay bastante hábitat para los pandas y las especies simpátricas pero que los ecosistemas en el PNPG son vulnerables. Por lo tanto, las áreas ecológicamente críticas englobaron todos los hábitats para todas las especies analizadas y todas las áreas importantes y extremadamente importantes para el suministro de servicios ambientales. Las áreas ecológicamente sensibles y extremadamente sensibles englobaron el 15.17% del hábitat del panda, representaron el 16.37% del área del PNPG y se localizaron principalmente en las montañas Minshan. Nuestros resultados indican en dónde se deben enfocar los esfuerzos de conservación dentro del parque y que, si identificamos las áreas ecológicamente críticas, los gestores pueden proporcionar una protección focalizada para el hábitat y los ecosistemas y así proteger efectiva y eficientemente el ecosistema compuesto. Además, nuestro método puede usarse para guiar el desarrollo de nuevos parques nacionales.
大çç«å½å®¶å ¬åè½å®ç°ç©ç§åçæå®æ´æ§çå¤éä¿æ¤ ä¸å½å¨2021年宣å¸è®¾ç«é¦æ¹5个å½å®¶å ¬å, ä¿æ¤èªç¶çæç³»ç»ççå®æ§åå®æ´æ§æ¯å ¶ä¼å ç®æ , èçæç³»ç»æå¡åçç©å¤æ ·æ§æ°´å¹³æ¯å ³é®çè¯ä¼°è¦ç´ ã大çç«å½å®¶å ¬åä½ä¸ºé¦æ¹å¯ä¸ä»¥åä¸ç©ç§å½åçå½å®¶å ¬å, éè¿è¯ä¼°å ¶çæç³»ç»æå¡ãçææææ§, åæ¶ç»å大çç«ååååå¸ç©ç§(ç¾çãäºæ´²é»ç)çæ æ¯å°éå®æ§, 以æç¤ºå ¶å½å®¶å ¬åå çæç³»ç»çç¶æåå ¶é¢ä¸´çé®é¢, æç¡®å ¶çæå ³é®åºä»¥å®ç°å¤éä¿æ¤çç®æ ãæ们åç°å¤§çç«å½å®¶å ¬åå å«äºè¶ è¿62.98%ç大çç«åååç©ç§çéå®æ æ¯å°, 主è¦åå¸å¨å²·å±±å±±ç³»;å ¶æ¬¡, 大çç«å½å®¶å ¬åå å«äº25.67%ççæç³»ç»æå¡éè¦åºååé«è¾¾88.78%ççæææåºå, 主è¦åå¸å¨å²·å±±å±±ç³»åéå´å±±å±±ç³»ãè¿è¡¨æ尽管大çç«å½å®¶å ¬åå å å«äºå¤§çç«åååç©ç§æéç大é¢ç§¯éå®æ æ¯å°, ä½æ¯å ¶çæç³»ç»å ·æè¾å¼ºçèå¼±æ§ãè¥å°åæ¶å å«å¤§çç«åååç©ç§çéå®æ æ¯å°ãçæç³»ç»æå¡éè¦åæéè¦åºãçæææåæææçåºåå®ä¹ä¸ºçæå ³é®åº, å ¶é¢ç§¯å æ¯ä¸º16.37%, è¦çäº15.17%ç大çç«æ æ¯å°, 主è¦åå¸å¨å²·å±±å±±ç³»ãå æ¤, åºäºçæå ³é®åºå¶å®æ°çç§å¦çãé对æ§çä¿æ¤æªæ½, ä¸ä» å¯ä»¥æ´å¥½çæ¥ä¿æ¤éçå¨ç©æ æ¯å°ååºå¯¹çæç³»ç»çå¨è, èä¸ä¹ææä¸é«æå°ä¿æ¤å¤éçæç³»ç»ã.
Asunto(s)
Ecosistema , Ursidae , Animales , Parques Recreativos , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodos , Biodiversidad , ChinaRESUMEN
The use of umbrella species to promote biodiversity conservation is practiced worldwide. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) an iconic species for world wildlife conservation, that inhabits regions with significant biodiversity. Given that the functions at wildlife of different trophic levels and in different body size groups are different within the ecosystem, it is unknown whether those groups of wildlife co-occurring with giant pandas are each likewise protected. To examine the umbrella effect of giant pandas on sympatric species, we used an extensive dataset of wildlife from more than 78% of giant panda habitats. We analysed the changes in distribution for four wildlife categories (large carnivores, large herbivores, medium carnivores and medium herbivores) using a generalized linear mixed model, and the underlying driving factors using binomial logistic regression models. Changes in forests in giant panda habitats were evaluated using Fragstats. The results have shown that the counts of herbivores and medium carnivores increased significantly during the decade. However, those of large carnivores significantly declined. Forest cover and nature reserves showed significant and positive effects on wildlife in 2001 and 2011, while the human population had significant and negative impacts on the herbivores and carnivores. Our results have also suggested that there has been a slight alleviation in forest fragmentation in areas unaffected by earthquakes. We concluded that the umbrella strategy of using the giant panda as an umbrella species achieved partial success by promoting the recovery of herbivores and medium carnivores. Meanwhile, this has indicated that the strategy was not sufficient for large carnivores, and therefore not enough for local ecosystems, given the critical role of large carnivores. We have suggested integrating habitat patches, controlling human disturbance, and preparing for potential human-wildlife conflict management in the Giant Panda National Park to restore large carnivore populations and maintain ecosystem functioning.
Asunto(s)
Ursidae , Animales , Humanos , Ecosistema , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodos , Simpatría , Biodiversidad , Animales Salvajes , ChinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although dietary intake is believed to be associated with constipation, there is currently a lack of research exploring the relationship between niacin intake and constipation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between niacin intake in adults and constipation using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: This study included 5170 participants (aged ≥ 20 years) from the NHANES survey conducted between 2009 and 2010. Participants who reported experiencing constipation "always", "most of the time", or "sometimes" in the past 12 months were defined as constipation cases. The daily niacin intake was obtained from dietary recall and dietary supplement recalls of the patients. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline regression, subgroup analysis, and interaction analysis were used to assess the correlation between niacin intake and constipation. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, the multivariate logistic regression model showed that low niacin intake was associated with a higher risk of constipation (Model 1: OR: 0.917, 95% CI 0.854-0.985, P = 0.023; Model 2: OR: 0.871, 95% CI 0.794-0.955, P = 0.01). After dividing niacin intake into four groups, a daily intake of 0-18 mg niacin was associated with a higher risk of constipation (Model 1: OR: 1.059, 95% CI 1.012-1.106, P = 0.019; Model 2: OR: 1.073, 95% CI 1.025-1.123, P = 0.013). The restricted cubic spline regression analysis also showed a non-linear relationship between niacin intake and the risk of constipation. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggested that daily intake of 0-18 mg of niacin was associated with a higher risk of constipation compared to a daily intake of 18-27 mg of niacin.
Asunto(s)
Niacina , Humanos , Adulto , Niacina/efectos adversos , Encuestas Nutricionales , Estreñimiento/inducido químicamente , Estreñimiento/epidemiología , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe cardiovascular disease. The mortality rate for an AAA rupture is very high. Understanding the risk factors for AAA rupture would help AAA management, but little is known about these risk factors in the Chinese population. Methods: This retrospective study included patients that were diagnosed with AAA during the last 5 years in a large national hospital in southern China. AAA patients were divided into a rupture and non-rupture group. Clinical data were extracted from the hospital medical record system. Clinical features were compared between the rupture and non-rupture groups. The associations between potential risk factors and rupture risk were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 337 AAA patients were included for analysis in the present study. AAA diameter was significantly larger, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and serum creatinine levels were both significantly higher in AAA rupture patients. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly lower in AAA rupture patients. After adjustment, the multivariate logistic analysis found that AAA diameter and hs-CRP were independently positively associated with AAA rupture, and HDL-C level was adversely associated with AAA rupture. Conclusions: Our data suggests that larger AAA diameter and higher hs-CRP level are associated with a higher risk of AAA rupture, and higher HDL-C level is associated with a lower risk of AAA rupture. The results of this study may be helpful for the management of AAA patients in southern China.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal , Proteína C-Reactiva , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/epidemiología , HDL-ColesterolRESUMEN
Animals that live in seasonal environments adjust their reproduction cycle to optimize seasonal forage quality. Giant pandas ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are seasonal altitudinal migrants that feed on bamboo shoots and leaves with different nutritional quality. However, the importance of bamboo shoots to giant pandas, especially small and isolated populations, is not fully appreciated. Here, we explored whether mating time of giant pandas is shaped by bamboo shoot phenology. We also assessed the intensity of ongoing bamboo shoot harvesting by local communities in 42 giant panda reserves based on questionnaire surveys. Varying intensity and protection levels of bamboo shoot harvesting were found. From these data, we developed a priority ranking scheme of protection areas for this key food resource. Our study showed that pandas time their mating behavior to coincide with bamboo shoot phenology due to the high nutritional demands associated with mating and pregnancy. We also found that bamboo shoots were not well protected in many places. Liangshan, Daxiangling, and Xiaoxiangling, containing the most isolated panda populations, were identified as the areas with the most urgent need of protection. Furthermore, equal attention should be paid to the QiongL-B population, as this region holds considerable potential to serve as a corridor between the Minshan and Qionglai populations. To address the challenges posed by bamboo shoot harvesting, we recommend establishing more practical bamboo shoot management policies, increasing public awareness of bamboo shoot protection, and providing alternative sources of income for local communities.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Ursidae , Animales , Alimentación AnimalRESUMEN
Background: Postoperative recurrence was a life-threatening condition for patients with rectal cancer. Due to the heterogeneity of locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) and controversy of the optimal treatment for patients, it was difficult to predict the prognosis of LRRC. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram that could accurately predict the survival probability of LRRC. Methods: Patients diagnosed with LRRC between 2004 and 2019 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included in the analysis. Multiple imputations with chained equations were used for missing values. These patients were further randomized into training set and testing set. Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Potential predictors were screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The Cox hazards regression model was constructed and it was visualized by nomogram. C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve were used to evaluate the model's predictive ability. Then X-tile was used to calculate the optimal cut-off values for all patients and the cohort was divided into three groups. Results: A total of 744 LRRC patients were enrolled and allocated to the training set (n=503) and the testing set (n=241). Cox regression analysis of the training set yielded meaningfully clinicopathological variables. A survival nomogram was created based on the identification of ten clinicopathological features in the LASSO regression analyses of the training set. The C-index of 3-, 5-year survival probabilities were 0.756, 0.747 in training set, and 0.719, 0.726 in testing set, respectively. The calibration curve and decision curve both demonstrated the satisfactory performance of the nomogram for prognosis prediction. Moreover, the prognosis of LRRC could be well distinguished according to the grouping of risk scores (P<0.001 in three groups). Conclusions: This nomogram was the first prediction model to preliminarily evaluate the survival of LRRC patients, which could provide more accurate and efficient treatment in clinical practice.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 50 (TIMM50) is universally considered to play a key role in several malignancies. However, its role in predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) patient prognosis remains unclear. Material and methods: A total of 192 CRC patients (123 men and 69 women) who underwent radical resection participated in this study. The patients were followed up every 3 months after surgery for 5 years. TIMM50 expression in tumour tissues was measured by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. TIMM50 expression was studied to assess correlations with clinicopathological factors and survival time. Results: TIMM50 expression increased significantly in CRC tumour tissues. Moreover, high TIMM50 expression was related to pathologic stage (p = 0.043), N stage (p = 0.048) and distant metastasis (p = 0.015), but TIMM50 expression was not related to other clinical factors. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with low TIMM50 expression had a longer overall survival than those with high TIMM50 expression (p = 0.002). Furthermore, distant metastasis and high TIMM50 expression were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for the overall survival of CRC patients in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.003). Conclusions: TIMM50 may be a key factor for monitoring CRC and a new prognosis indicator for CRC patients.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to construct a nomogram to effectively predict the 3 years and 5 years overall survival of patients with thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). METHOD: From 2000 to 2019, a total of 355 patients with TSCC were enrolled in our research from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and used as the training cohort. 106 patients were included from the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, for the external validation cohort. A nomogram was constructed based on the risk factors affecting prognosis using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated by C-index and curve of calibration. The two cohorts were divided into low-risk and high-risk subgroups based on the median risk score. RESULTS: Age (p = 0.002), stage (p = 0.003), surgery therapy (p < 0.001), and radiotherapy (p = 0.030) were the independent prognostic factors for overall survival and were incorporated in the prognostic model. The discrimination of the nomogram revealed a good prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability as indicated by C-index values of 0.696 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.676-0.716) and 0.717 (95% CI 0.640-0.794) for the training cohort and external validation cohort, respectively. In addition, the two cohorts were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group according to the median risk score. Significant differences in overall survival were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups in the training (p < 0.0001) and external validation cohort (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: We developed a nomogram to predict 3- and 5 year survival rate for TSCC. This nomogram provides a convenient and reliable tool for assessing the condition of patients with TSCC and assisting clinicians in making decisions.
RESUMEN
Few shot class incremental learning (FSCIL) is an extremely challenging but valuable problem in real-world applications. When faced with novel few shot tasks in each incremental stage, it should take into account both catastrophic forgetting of old knowledge and overfitting of new categories with limited training data. In this paper, we propose an efficient prototype replay and calibration (EPRC) method with three stages to improve classification performance. We first perform effective pre-training with rotation and mix-up augmentations in order to obtain a strong backbone. Then a series of pseudo few shot tasks are sampled to perform meta-training, which enhances the generalization ability of both the feature extractor and projection layer and then helps mitigate the over-fitting problem of few shot learning. Furthermore, an even nonlinear transformation function is incorporated into the similarity computation to implicitly calibrate the generated prototypes of different categories and alleviate correlations among them. Finally, we replay the stored prototypes to relieve catastrophic forgetting and rectify prototypes to be more discriminative in the incremental-training stage via an explicit regularization within the loss function. The experimental results on CIFAR-100 and miniImageNet demonstrate that our EPRC significantly boosts the classification performance compared with existing mainstream FSCIL methods.
RESUMEN
Correlation operation and attention mechanism are two popular feature fusion approaches which play an important role in visual object tracking. However, the correlation-based tracking networks are sensitive to location information but loss some context semantics, while the attention-based tracking networks can make full use of rich semantic information but ignore the position distribution of the tracked object. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel tracking framework based on joint correlation and attention networks, termed as JCAT, which can effectively combine the advantages of these two complementary feature fusion approaches. Concretely, the proposed JCAT approach adopts parallel correlation and attention branches to generate position and semantic features. Then the fusion features are obtained by directly adding the location feature and semantic feature. Finally, the fused features are fed into the segmentation network to generate the pixel-wise state estimation of the object. Furthermore, we develop a segmentation memory bank and an online sample filtering mechanism for robust segmentation and tracking. The extensive experimental results on eight challenging visual tracking benchmarks show that the proposed JCAT tracker achieves very promising tracking performance and sets a new state-of-the-art on the VOT2018 benchmark.
RESUMEN
The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on KRAS-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This retrospective study compared the effects of ICIs treatment and chemotherapy on the prognosis of patients with KRAS-mutant advanced NSCLC and different mutant subtypes in the real world. The study included 95 patients with KRAS-mutant advanced NSCLC. Patients treated with first-line ICIs plus platinum-containing chemotherapy had better progression-free survival (PFS) (7.4 vs 4.5 months, P = 0.035) and overall survival (OS) (24.1 vs 13.2 months, P = 0.007) than those receiving platinum-containing chemotherapy alone, and second-line ICI monotherapy was associated with better PFS (4.8 vs 3.0 months, P = 0.043) and OS (18.0 vs 13.8 months, P = 0.013) than chemotherapy monotherapy. There was no significant difference in PFS (5.267 vs 6.734 months, P = 0.969) and OS (19.933 vs 20.933 months, P = 0.808) between patients with KRAS-mutant and KRAS-wild-type NSCLC treated with ICIs or between KRAS G12C and KRAS non-G12C patients (PFS: 8.1 vs 4.8 months, P = 0.307; OS: 21.3 vs 21.8 months, P = 0.434). In summary, patients with advanced NSCLC with KRAS mutations can benefit from ICIs, but no difference between KRAS mutant subtypes was observed.