GLIM criteria represent a more suitable tool to evaluate the nutritional status and predict postoperative motor functional recovery of older patients with hip fracture: A retrospective study.

Early recognition of malnutrition is essential to improve the prognosis of older patients with hip fracture. The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), the Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF) and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) are widely used in malnutrition diagnosis. However, criteria for predicting postoperative hip joint motor function in older patients with hip fractures are still necessary. The objective of this study was to select the most appropriate criteria from the NRS-2002, the MNA-SF and the GLIM in predicting the postoperative hip joint motor function recovery 1 year after surgery. This retrospective observational study included 161 patients aged ≥ 65 years with hip fractures. The nutritional status of patients was determined by the NRS-2002, MNA-SF and GLIM. The Harris hip joint score (HHS), the primary outcome of this study, was used to evaluate hip joint motor function. HHS was classified as excellent (HHS > 75) or non-excellent outcomes (HHS ≤ 75). Logistic regression models for hip joint motor function recovery were constructed. Both the receiver operating characteristic curve and the decision curve analysis were used to select the most predictive criteria. The overall mean age of the 161 patients was 77.90 ±â€…8.17. As a result, NRS-2002 (OR:0.06, 95%CI [0.01, 0.17]), MNA-SF (OR:0.05, 95%CI [0.00, 0.23]) and GLIM (OR of moderate: 0.03, 95%CI [0.01, 0.11]; OR of severe: 0.02 [0.00, 0.07]) were predictive for recovery of hip joint motor function. Additionally, both the area under curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (NRS-2002: 81.2 [73.8, 88.6], MNA-SF: 76.3 [68.5, 84.2], GLIM: 86.2 [79.6,92.8]) and the decision curve analysis showed the GLIM was better than others. Compared with NRS-2002 and MNA-SF, GLIM was a more suitable nutritional assessment criteria to predict the postoperative recovery of hip joint motor function for older patients with hip fracture 1 year after surgery.

A dynamic spatiotemporal model for fall warning and protection.

Early detection of falls is important for reducing fall injuries. However, existing fall detection strategies mostly focus on reducing impact injuries rather than avoiding falls. This study proposed the concept of identifying "Imbalance Point" to warn the body imbalance, allowing sufficient time to recover balance. And if falling cannot be avoided, an impact sign is released by detecting the "Fall Point" prior to the impact. To achieve this goal, motion prediction model and balance recovery model are integrated into a spatiotemporal framework to analyze dynamic and kinematic features of body motion. Eight healthy young volunteers participated in three sets of experiment: Normal trial, Recovery trial and Fall trial. The body motion in the trials was recorded using Microsoft Azure Kinect. The results show that the developed algorithm for Fall Point detection achieved 100% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity, along with an average lead time of 297 ms. Moreover, Imbalance Point was successfully detected in all Fall trials, and the average time interval between Imbalance Point and Fall Point was 315 ms, longer than reported step reaction time for elderly (approximately 270 ms). The experiment results demonstrate that the developed algorithm have great potential for fall warning and protection in the elderly.

Biomechanics and finite element analysis comparing posterior T-plates with LCP for fixation of posterolateral tibial plate fractures.

Objective: The treatment for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures (PTPF) have been subjects of controversy. We conducted a study to improve the fixation of PTPF through a lateral approach. Methods: We utilized 40 synthetic tibias and categorized the fracture models into five groups based on the locking compression plate (LCP) and T-distal radius plate (TPP) via various forms of fixation with screws through the posterolateral (PL) fracture fragments. I: Two-screw fixation using two locking screws (LPTL). Ⅱ: Two-screw fixation with both variable angle locking screws (LPTV). Ⅲ: One-screw fixation with one locking screw (LPOL). Ⅳ: One-screw fixation with one locking screw and two anteroposterior lag screws (LPOLTL). Ⅴ: a distal radius plate with three locking screws (TPP). Biomechanical tests were conducted to observe the axial compression displacement of the PL fracture fragments at force levels of 250 N, 500 N, and 750 N, as well as to determine the failure load and the axial stiffness for each respective group. Results: Under a 750 N load condition, the displacements within the five experimental groups exhibited the following trend: Ⅴ < Ⅱ < Ⅰ< Ⅳ < Ⅲ. However, there were no significant differences between Group V and Group II, Group I and Group IV (p > 0.05), and only Group Ⅲ demonstrated a displacement exceeding 3 mm. The failure load and the axial stiffness exhibited the same trend. Conversely, statistical significance was identified among the remaining group compared with Group Ⅲ (p < 0.05). Regarding the finite element analysis, the maximum displacements for the five models under the load of 750 N exhibited the following trend: Ⅴ < Ⅱ < Ⅰ< Ⅳ < Ⅲ. The following trends were observed in maximum von Mises stresses for these models under the load of 750 N: Ⅴ < Ⅱ < Ⅳ< Ⅰ < Ⅲ. Conclusion: It is crucial to address the inadequate mechanical strength associated with single screw fixation of LCP for fixing PL fractures in a clinical setting. The biomechanical strength of two-screw fixation surpasses that of single-screw fixation. Introducing variable-angle screws can further enhance the fixation range. Furthermore, the addition of two lag screws threaded from anterior to posterior can compensate the mechanical stability, when PL fracture is fixed with single screw in clinic.

Treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis with negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bone grafting or bone migration and its effect on the levels of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum.

Objective: To observe the effect of negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bone grafting or bone migration in the treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis. Methods: Eighty-six (86) cases of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis admitted to Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army from September 2017 to September 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, forty-three (43) cases each. Debridement, open bone grafting or bone migration was given to the control group.The observation group was treated with negative pressure closed drainage on the basis of the control group. In addition, the serum components such as CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 of the control group and observation group were detected respectively after surgery. Results: Observation group granulation cover wound, fracture healing time was shorter than the control group, fracture healing rate was better than the control group, the difference has statistical significance (P<0.05). By comparing serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 levels before and after treatment in the two groups, it was found that the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05, respectively). Serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 levels were significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis with negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bone grafting or bone displacement has a good effect on fracture healing and is worth popularizing.

Effect of non-pharmacological interventions on anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and pain after orthopedic surgery: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients after orthopedic surgery often experience the pain, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, which can be greatly reduced by non-pharmacologic interventions as alternative therapies. Randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacologic interventions for anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and pain in patients after orthopedic surgery have been reported, but the results may be conflicting. Evidence to determine the optimal non-pharmacological intervention with a high efficacy is limited. This study aims to assess the effects of non-pharmacologic interventions on the bone anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and pain in patients after orthopedic surgery through a network meta-analysis, thus providing guidance in clinical application. METHODS: A systematic search of randomized controlled trials reporting the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on anxiety, depression, sleep quality and pain after orthopedic surgery published before October 2021 will be searched in Wanfang, VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedicine Literature Database, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of science. Two reviewers will be independently responsible for study selection, quality appraisal, and data extraction. Stata 14.0 software will be used to perform the network meta-analysis. RESULTS: The findings of this research will be reported in a recognized journal. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis will provide the stronger evidence for non-pharmacological interventions on alleviating bone anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and pain in patients after orthopedic surgery, which will help clinicians and decision makers in their choices.Open Science Framework registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/2SCBD.

Diosgenin inhibits Wnt/ß-catenin pathway to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of MG-63 cells.

Dioscorea opposita Thunb has the effect of anti-osteoporosis, but whether its active ingredient diosgenin (DIO) has an anti-osteoporosis effect is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of DIO on the proliferation and differentiation of MG-63 cells. MG-63 cells were treated with different concentrations of DIO (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µM) or 20 mM Wnt/ß-catenin signaling agonist-LiCl, and then their cell cycle and viability were analyzed by flow cytometry and 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), respectively. To investigate osteoblast differentiation, alizarin red staining and ultraviolet spectrophotometer were used to determine the number of calcified nodules and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expressions of proliferation-related, osteogenic-related and Wnt/ß-catenin signal pathway-related factors. After the cells were treated with low-concentration (0.001 or 0.01 µM) DIO, cell viability was significantly increased and the proportion of cells in S phase was increased. In addition, low-concentration DIO could significantly increase the expression of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (BGP), promote osteoblast differentiation, and suppress the expression of ß-catenin, Runx2 and cyclinD1. However, high concentrations of DIO showed the opposite effect. Low-concentration DIO obviously reversed the effect of LiCl on decreasing the number of calcified nodules and inhibiting the expression of OPN and BGP in cells. Low-concentration DIO might promote the proliferation and differentiation of MG-63 cell by inhibiting the Wnt/ß-catenin signal pathway.

TFAP2C-mediated LINC00922 signaling underpins doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been indicated as critical regulators in osteosarcoma (OS). However, the function of lncRNAs in doxorubicin (DXR)-resistant OS remain unclear. Here, present study investigated the functions of lncRNA LINC00922 on the DXR resistance in OS tumorigenesis. LncRNA expression profile was detected using lncRNA microarray in DXR-resistant OS cells (MG63/DXR) and parental cells (MG63). Molecular binding was detected using luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. DXR sensitivity assay was detected using CCK-8 assay. Results showed that LINC00922 was significantly up-regulated in OS tissue specimens. Cellular assays showed that LINC00922 increased DXR IC50 and the knockdown of LINC00922 repressed the tumor growth of OS cells. Mechanistic assays showed that LINC00922 acts as a sponge of miR-424-5p, and miR-424-5p targeted the 3'-untranslated region of transcription factor activating protein 2 gamma (TFAP2C) mRNA. Moreover, TFAP2C promoted transcription of LINC00922 in a positive feedback loop comprising TFAP2C, LINC00922, and miR-424-5p. Collectively, these findings uncovered the function of TFAP2C/LINC00922/miR-424-5p feedback loop in DXR resistance, suggesting new therapeutic direction for OS.

Anomalous Mode Transitions in High Power Distributed Bragg Reflector Quantum Cascade Lasers.

In this paper, an anomalous spectral data of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting around 7.6 µm is presented. The two-section DBR lasers, consisting of a gain section and an unpumped Bragg reflector, display an output power above 0.6 W in continuous wave (CW) mode at room temperature. The anomalous spectral data is defined as a longitudinal mode which moves toward shorter wavelengths with increasing temperature or injection current, which is unexpected. Although the longer wavelength modes are expected to start lasing when raising device temperature or injection current, occasional mode hops to a shorter wavelength are seen. These anomalous mode transitions are explained by means of modal analysis. The thermal-induced change of the refractive index implied by an increase in the temperature or injection current yields nearly periodic transitions between cavity modes.

Demonstration of High-Power and Stable Single-Mode in a Quantum Cascade Laser Using Buried Sampled Grating.

High-power, low-threshold stable single-mode operation buried distributed feedback quantum cascade laser by incorporating sampled grating emitting at λ ~ 4.87 µm is demonstrated. The high continuous wave (CW) output power of 948 mW and 649 mW for a 6-mm and 4-mm cavity length is obtained at 20 °C, respectively, which benefits from the optimized optical field distribution of sampled grating. The single-mode yields of the devices are obviously enhanced by controlling cleaved positions of the two end facets precisely. As a result, stable single-mode emission and mode tuning linearly without any mode hopping of devices are obtained under the different heat sink temperatures or high injection currents.

Long noncoding RNA LINC00858 promotes osteosarcoma through regulating miR-139-CDK14 axis.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to modulate the tumorigenesis of human cancers. The in-depth of lncRNAs on human osteosarcoma oncogenesis is still ambiguous. In present study, functional and mechanism experiments were conducted to investigate the role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 00858 (LINC00858) on human osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. Results demonstrated that LINC00858 expression was significantly upregulated in both osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Mechanism assays presented that LINC00858 silencing significantly repressed osteosarcoma cells' proliferation and invasion in vitro, and inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. In further experiments, LINC00858 was identified to sponge miR-139 to form RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) using luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Besides, CDK14 was validated to be the target protein the miR-139. Rescue experiments confirmed the role of LINC00858/miR-139/CDK14 pathway on osteosarcoma cells' phenotype. In summary, these data prove that LINC00858/miR-139/CDK14 axis promotes the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma, providing a new mechanism or target for osteosarcoma.

LncRNA DICER1-AS1 promotes the proliferation, invasion and autophagy of osteosarcoma cells via miR-30b/ATG5.

Osteosarcoma is a prevalent primary malignant tumor and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been validated to modulate the osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. In present study, our research team investigates the role of a novel identified lncRNA DICER1-AS1 on the tumor progression and autophagy. Results showed that lncRNA DICER1-AS1 was up-regulated in osteosarcoma cells using microarray analysis and RT-PCR. Cellular functional experiments revealed that DICER1-AS1 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Besides, DICER1-AS1 knockdown inhibited the protein expression levels of ATG5, LC3-II and Beclin 1, suggesting the inhibition on the autophagy of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, miR-30b was verified to target 3'-UTR of DICER1-AS1 and ATG5 using bioinformatics tools and luciferase reporter assay or RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP). Western blot showed that ATG5 protein expression was decreased in DICER1-AS1 knockdown and miR-30b mimics transfected cells, while increased in miR-30b inhibitor transfected cells, presenting a negative correlation with miR-30b and a positive correlation with DICER1-AS1. Finally, xenograft assay in vivo indicated that DICER1-AS1 knockdown inhibited the osteosarcoma tumor growth and protein expression level of ATG5. In summary, all the results conclude that DICER1-AS1 regulates the proliferation, invasion and autophagy of osteosarcoma via miR-30b/ATG5 axis, providing a novel insight for osteosarcoma tumorigenesis.

Investigation of the local dispersion change in anomalous dispersion microcavity and quantitative analysis of the phase-matching in Kerr comb generation.

We numerically simulate Kerr comb generation in an anomalous dispersion microcavity by modal expansion method and demonstrate that the initiation of comb generation is affected by the change of local dispersion possibly caused by avoided mode crossings. We also quantitatively analyze the instantaneous phase matching of different modes and reveal the characteristics of energy distribution in different modes in the dynamics of comb generation. We demonstrate that the local dispersion change can control the Kerr comb to transform between Type I and Type II combs. We also find that local dispersion is closely related to the stability of the power of Kerr comb lines, something that can change the dynamical state of the system near the Hamiltonian-Hopf bifurcation under an anomalous dispersion regime from a quasi-periodic oscillation state to a periodic state (Turing patterns).

Reactions of Chinese adults to warning labels on cigarette packages: a survey in Jiangsu Province.

BACKGROUND: To compare reactions to warning labels presented on cigarette packages with a specific focus on whether the new Chinese warning labels are better than the old labels and international labels. METHODS: Participants aged 18 and over were recruited in two cities of Jiangsu Province in 2008, and 876 face-to-face interviews were completed. Participants were shown six types of warning labels found on cigarette packages. They comprised one old Chinese label, one new label used within the Chinese market, and one Chinese overseas label and three foreign brand labels. Participants were asked about the impact of the warning labels on: their knowledge of harm from smoking, giving cigarettes as a gift, and quitting smoking. RESULTS: Compared with the old Chinese label, a higher proportion of participants said the new label provided clear information on harm caused by smoking (31.2% vs 18.3%). Participants were less likely to give cigarettes with the new label on the package compared with the old label (25.2% vs 20.8%). These proportions were higher when compared to the international labels. Overall, 26.8% of participants would quit smoking based on information from the old label and 31.5% from the new label. When comparing the Chinese overseas label and other foreign labels to the new Chinese label with regard to providing knowledge of harm warning, impact of quitting smoking and giving cigarettes as a gift, the overseas labels were more effective. CONCLUSION: Both the old and the new Chinese warning label are not effective in this target population.