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Introduction: Recently, the Transformer model and its variants have been a great success in terms of computer vision, and have surpassed the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNN). The key to the success of Transformer vision is the acquisition of short-term and long-term visual dependencies through self-attention mechanisms; this technology can efficiently learn global and remote semantic information interactions. However, there are certain challenges associated with the use of Transformers. The computational cost of the global self-attention mechanism increases quadratically, thus hindering the application of Transformers for high-resolution images. Methods: In view of this, this paper proposes a multi-view brain tumor segmentation model based on cross windows and focal self-attention which represents a novel mechanism to enlarge the receptive field by parallel cross windows and improve global dependence by using local fine-grained and global coarse-grained interactions. First, the receiving field is increased by parallelizing the self-attention of horizontal and vertical fringes in the cross window, thus achieving strong modeling capability while limiting the computational cost. Second, the focus on self-attention with regards to local fine-grained and global coarse-grained interactions enables the model to capture short-term and long-term visual dependencies in an efficient manner. Results: Finally, the performance of the model on Brats2021 verification set is as follows: dice Similarity Score of 87.28, 87.35 and 93.28%; Hausdorff Distance (95%) of 4.58 mm, 5.26 mm, 3.78 mm for the enhancing tumor, tumor core and whole tumor, respectively. Discussion: In summary, the model proposed in this paper has achieved excellent performance while limiting the computational cost.
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Renal cell carcinoma is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy,but it is commonly reported urinary system tumors during pregnancy.The management is a real challenge due to the sparse literature and lack of standard guidelines.Following the continuous development of medical technology,the health and fertility needs of these patients have been well protected in recent years.The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology,risk factors,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy.
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Renal cell carcinoma is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy, but it is commonly reported urinary system tumors during pregnancy. The management is a real challenge due to the sparse literature and lack of standard guidelines. Following the continuous development of medical technology, the health and fertility needs of these patients have been well protected in recent years. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy.
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Objective To study the etiological effect between the spatial variation of lumbar facet orientation and the degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis(DLS)in axial,sagittal and coronal plane.Methods 85 patients with DLS at L4 and 110 controlsreceived X-ray and CT scanning.The facet angle at L4-L5 was measured in axial,sagittal and coronal plane.Results Compared with the control group, the DLS-angles were lesser and the difference between the left and right was greater in axial,coronal plane(P <0.05).But were greater in sagittal plane(P <0.05).Conclusion The DLS-angles are more sagittal in axial plane,more level in sagittal plane and more erect in coronal plane.The change of spatial orientation in the facet joint is one of etiological factors of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.
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Objective This paper is mainly to discuss accuracy and clinical application value of MDCT double-period enhanced scanning with low -tension water enteroclysis for colon cancer preoperative TNM stag-ing.Methods Sixty-two colon cancer patients with complete images and pathological data were selected in our hospital from January 2012 to May 2013 .We retrospectively analyzed CT image changes of the tumor location ,the extent of tumor invasion,the surrounding fat space,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.We compared them with postoperative pathology to prove the accuracy of MDCT double -period enhanced scanning with low -tension water enteroclysis.Results The results showed that its accuracy rate reached to 90.32%(56/62)in co-lon cancer preoperative Stage T,80.64%(50/62)in Stage N,and 100%(62/62)in Stage M respectively.Con-clusions MDCT double-period enhanced scanning with low -tension water enteroclysis can accurately display the site of colon cancer and determine the scope of tumor invasion ,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis , and give more precise diagnosis of colon cancer and preoperative staging assessments .In conclusion , it can be used as the preferable method of preoperative examination in the colon cancer .
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ObjectiveTo review retinitis pigmentosa (RP)-related gene researches in China. Methods RP genes and RP gene therapy as key words were searched from those online databases including China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), and Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS). Related papers written by authors from China or other countries,published from 1991 to 2011 were collected for analysis. ResultsOverall 60 RP-related genes have been identified now. Chinese researchers from 29 hospitals and research institutes confirmed 17 RP-related gene changes (239 mutations, 131 of them are pathogenic) in 300 RP families and 1572 sporadic RP patients from 1991 to 2011, as reported in 66 papers. Mutations in rhodopsin (RHO) gene, NR2E3 gene and RP1 gene were found in 2.0％, 2.9％ and 1.0％ of Chinese RP patients respectively.The relationship between genotypes and clinical phenotypes were investigated in 15 papers, including RHO gene, RDS gene, RP1 and RPGR or RP3 gene in ADRP families. Gene therapy for RP has been investigated in 4 papers. Seven hundred and eighteen papers about RP gene-mutation screening have been published from other countries,and more than 2000 variants were identified which including 352 disease-causing mutations. Mutations of RHO gene, RDS and RP1 were found in 25％-50％, 8％ and 5％-10％ of ADRP patients in Caucasian populations. RPGR mutations were found in 70％-80％ of XLRP patients in Caucasian populations, and 50％-60％ of mutations are identified in open reading frame (ORF) 15. Totally 391 papers about gene therapy for RP have been published. ConclusionsSeventeen RP-related genes have been studied and 131pathogenic mutations were found in China. Considering Chinese population, our RP research is still behind other countries.