Effectiveness of the school nurse role in increasing the vaccination coverage rate: a narrative review.

INTRODUCTION: Vaccinations are recognized as the best primary prevention strategy to counteract infectious diseases. However, in recent years, there has been a decrease in the immunization rate, particularly among children and teenagers. Several strategies have been tested to circumvent the issue. Among them, there was the re-introduction of vaccination practices in schools. The literature shows that introducing immunization projects in schools has increased vaccination rates in children and teenagers, but the role of the school nurse in these settings has never been evaluated. AIM: To determine whether the role of the school nurse, within the school vaccination projects, does have a positive impact on the rate of immunization's compliance. METHODS: Narrative review. Studies of primary, secondary and gray literature were included, researched on Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Science Citation Index and Web of Science. Nine articles based on studies conducted in different educational institutions (from kindergarten to high school) were included in the review. RESULTS: All the articles included in the review showed that the interventions conducted by the school nurse, aimed at increasing the rate of adhesion to vaccinations, are effective. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The literature related to the topic of the present study shows that the school nurse plays a key role in increasing the rate of adhesion to immunization for school-age children / adolescents. The figure of the school nurse plays a crucial role in increasing the rate of adhesion to immunization's programme for school-age children. However, in several countries, including Italy, this figure was present in the past but does not exist now. The lack of the school nurse's role in these countries does not allow the activation of programs focused on this figure's capacity.

New models of care and multidimensional solutions for oncological patients in the post-acute SARS-COV-2 period: a "Second Phase" also for cancer patients.

In Italy, SARS-CoV-2 outbreak registered a high transmission and disease rates. During the acute phase, oncologists provided to re-organize services and prioritize treatments, in order to limit viral spread and to protect cancer patients. The progressive reduction of the number of infections has prompted Italian government to gradually loosen the national confinement measures and to start the "Second phase" of measures to contain the pandemic. The issue on how to organize cancer care during this post-acute SARS-CoV-2 phase appears crucial and a reassessment of healthcare services is needed requiring new models of care for oncological patients. In order to address major challenges in cancer setting during post-acute SARS-CoV-2 phase, this work offers multidimensional solutions aimed to provide a new way to take care of cancer patients.

Complexity of care: a concept analysis.

BACKGROUND: In spite of the high number of tools designed to measure the complexity of care, there is still great diversity in the meaning of this concept. METHODS: The study was carried out using the concept analysis method as described by Beth Rodgers; 27 international papers were selected using PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL data sets, without any time constraints. RESULTS: A number of similar concepts relating to multiplicity, intensity of care and workload were selected. The antecedents were classified according to personal and clinical features of patients, the characteristics of care, the social and organizational features; the tools that emerged measure the risk of complexity of care. Among the consequences, those that emerged were related to patients, operators and organization. The two attributes of complexity of care are connected with measurement, on the one side, and uncertainly, on the other. CONCLUSIONS: As difficult as it is to define complexity of care, the analysis states that its classification should be targeted at redefining hospital organization.