RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The MONALEESA7 and 2 phase 3 randomized trials demonstrated a statistically significant progressionfree survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefit with initial ribociclib + endocrine therapy (ET) versus placebo + ET in pre and postmenopausal patients with hormone receptorpositive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC), respectively. Similar trends were observed in Asian subgroup analyses. This phase 2 bridging study of initial ET + ribociclib enrolled pre and postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2 ABC from China and was conducted to demonstrate consistency of PFS results in a Chinese population relative to the global MONALEESA7 and 2 studies. METHODS: Patients were randomized (1:1) to ET (nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor + goserelin for premenopausal patients; letrozole for postmenopausal patients) + either ribociclib or placebo. The primary endpoint was investigatorassessed PFS. RESULTS: As of April 25, 2022, the median followup was 34.7 months in both cohorts. In the premenopausal cohort, median PFS was 27.6 months in the ribociclib arm (n = 79) versus 14.7 months in the placebo arm (n = 77) (hazard ratio 0.67 [95% CI: 0.45, 1.01]). In the postmenopausal cohort, median PFS was not reached in the ribociclib arm versus 18.5 months in the placebo arm (n = 77 in each arm) (hazard ratio 0.40 [95% CI: 0.26, 0.62]). Data also suggested improvements in secondary efficacy endpoints, although OS data were not mature. The safety profile in this population was consistent with that in global studies. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate a favorable benefitrisk profile for ribociclib + ET in Chinese patients.
Asunto(s)
Aminopiridinas , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias de la Mama , Letrozol , Posmenopausia , Purinas , Receptor ErbB-2 , Receptores de Estrógenos , Humanos , Aminopiridinas/administración & dosificación , Aminopiridinas/uso terapéutico , Aminopiridinas/efectos adversos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Purinas/administración & dosificación , Purinas/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Letrozol/administración & dosificación , Letrozol/uso terapéutico , Adulto , China , Anciano , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Premenopausia , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Goserelina/administración & dosificación , Goserelina/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Aromatasa/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Aromatasa/uso terapéutico , Pueblos del Este de AsiaAsunto(s)
Proteínas Inactivadoras del Complemento C3b/genética , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Homocigoto , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Eliminación de Secuencia , Alelos , Hibridación Genómica Comparativa , Europa (Continente) , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Retinoids are promising agents for the treatment/prevention of breast carcinoma. We examined the role of microRNAs in mediating the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which suppresses the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive (ERα(+)) breast carcinoma cells, such as MCF-7, but not estrogen receptor-negative cells, such as MDA-MB-231. We found that pro-oncogenic miR-21 is selectively induced by ATRA in ERα(+) cells. Induction of miR-21 counteracts the anti-proliferative action of ATRA but has the potentially beneficial effect of reducing cell motility. In ERα(+) cells, retinoid-dependent induction of miR-21 is due to increased transcription of the MIR21 gene via ligand-dependent activation of the nuclear retinoid receptor, RARα. RARα is part of the transcription complex present in the 5'-flanking region of the MIR21 gene. The receptor binds to two functional retinoic acid-responsive elements mapping upstream of the transcription initiation site. Silencing of miR-21 enhances ATRA-dependent growth inhibition and senescence while reverting suppression of cell motility afforded by the retinoid. Up-regulation of miR-21 results in retinoid-dependent inhibition of the established target, maspin. Knockdown and overexpression of maspin in MCF-7 cells indicates that the protein is involved in ATRA-induced growth inhibition and contributes to the ATRA-dependent anti-motility responses. Integration between whole genome analysis of genes differentially regulated by ATRA in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, prediction of miR-21 regulated genes, and functional studies led to the identification of three novel direct miR-21 targets: the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1B, the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and PLAT, the tissue-type plasminogen activator. Evidence for ICAM-1 involvement in retinoid-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 cell motility is provided.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , MicroARNs/genética , Tretinoina/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/genética , Interleucina-1/genética , Receptores de Estrógenos , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/genética , Activación Transcripcional/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The peptidyl-prolyl-isomerase Pin1 interacts with phosphorylated proteins, altering their conformation. The retinoic acid receptor RARalpha and the acute-promyelocytic-leukemia-specific counterpart PML-RARalpha directly interact with Pin1. Overexpression of Pin1 inhibits ligand-dependent activation of RARalpha and PML-RARalpha. Inhibition is relieved by Pin1-targeted short interfering RNAs and by pharmacologic inhibition of the catalytic activity of the protein. Mutants of Pin1 catalytically inactive or defective for client-protein-binding activity are incapable of inhibiting ligand-dependent RARalpha transcriptional activity. Functional inhibition of RARalpha and PML-RARalpha by Pin1 correlates with degradation of the nuclear receptors via the proteasome-dependent pathway. In the acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines HL-60 and NB4, Pin1 interacts with RARalpha in a constitutive fashion. Suppression of Pin1 by a specific short hairpin RNA in HL-60 or NB4 cells stabilizes RARalpha and PML-RARalpha, resulting in increased sensitivity to the cytodifferentiating and antiproliferative activities of all-trans retinoic acid. Treatment of the two cell lines and freshly isolated acute myelogenous leukemia blasts (M1 to M4) with ATRA and a pharmacologic inhibitor of Pin1 causes similar effects. Our results add a further layer of complexity to the regulation of nuclear retinoic acid receptors and suggest that Pin1 represents an important target for strategies aimed at increasing the therapeutic index of retinoids.