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Abstract: The replacement of natural landscapes by anthropic environments has led to habitat loss and consequently, to the decline and extinction of many species populations. Several strategies, such as the creation of protected areas (PAs) and payment for ecosystem services have been adopted to mitigate the consequences of this biodiversity crisis. In Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, a Water Producer Program (WPP) was established, which provides payment for ecosystem services for the maintenance of riparian vegetation in the region of the Ribeirão Abóbora, a river which supplies the city and metropolitan area. In the absence of environmental diagnostic studies in the region, this present study contributes to reducing some knowledge gaps, through the: (i) characterization of the landscape in the WPP area, (ii) characterization of species of fauna (amphibians, birds, fish, and medium and large terrestrial mammals) and woody flora that occur in this area, and (iii) comparison of species diversity (fauna and flora) found in our study area with the diversity observed in the Cerrado protected area network. Our results reveal a low native vegetation cover (~21% of total area), but we recorded 300 total species: 20 species of anuran amphibians, 100 birds, 10 fish, 16 terrestrial mammals (medium and large), and 154 woody plants. Our sample comprises species considered endemic to the Cerrado (e.g., Anuran - Barycholos terntezi and Mammal - Callithrix penicillata), threatened species (e.g., Mammals - Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tapirus terrestris), and exotic invasive species (Mammal - Sus scrofa). The results presented in this study are relevant and may help in the proposal of management actions within the scope of this important program of payment for environmental services.
Resumo: A substituição das paisagens naturais por ambientes antropizados tem levado à perda de habitat e, consequentemente, ao declínio populacional e extinção de muitas espécies. Várias estratégias como a criação de Unidades de Conservação (UCs) e o pagamento de serviços ecossistêmicos têm sido adotadas para mitigar as consequências da crise de biodiversidade. Em Rio Verde, estado de Goiás, foi estabelecido um Programa Produtores de Água (PPA) que prevê o pagamento de serviços ecossistêmicos pela manutenção da vegetação ripária na região do ribeirão Abobora que abastece a cidade. Diante da ausência de estudos de diagnóstico ambiental da região, o presente estudo contribui para reduzir algumas lacunas de conhecimento, através da: i) caracterização da paisagem na área deste PPA, ii) caracterização das espécies da fauna (anfíbios, aves, peixes e mamíferos terrestres de médio e grande porte) e flora lenhosa que ocorrem neste local, iii) comparação da diversidade de espécies (fauna e flora) encontrada na área de estudo com aquela observada na rede de áreas protegidas do Cerrado. Nossos resultados revelam baixo índice de cobertura vegetal nativa (~21% da área total), mas por outro lado, registramos 300 espécies, sendo 20 de anfíbios anuros, 100 aves, 10 peixes, 16 mamíferos terrestres (médio e grande porte) e 154 plantas lenhosas. A nossa amostragem compreende espécies que são consideradas endêmicas do Cerrado (p.ex. Anfíbio - Barycholos terntezi e Mamífero - Callithrix penicillata), ameaçadas de extinção (p.ex. Mamíferos - Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Myrmecophaga tridactyla e Tapirus terrestris) ou exótica invasora (Mamífero - Sus scrofa). Os resultados apresentados no presente estudo são relevantes e podem auxiliar na proposição de ações de manejo no âmbito deste importante programa de pagamento por serviços ambientais.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the differences of acupuncture effect between the Zusanli (St.36) and Sanyinjiao (SP.6) points on the gastrointestinal-tract (GIT) segment performed by the bioavailability of (99m)Tc-sodium-pertechnetate (Na(99m)TcO(4)) in rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 21) were allocated into three groups of seven each. Group 1 was treated by acupuncture bilaterally at St.36; Group 2 at SP.6; and Group 3 was untreated (control). After 10 min of needle insertion in anesthetized rats, 0.3 mL of Na(99m)TcO(4) (7.4 MBq) was injected via ocular-plexus. After 20 min, the exitus of animals was induced by cervical-dislocation and GIT organs isolated. However, immediately before the exitus procedure, blood was collected by cardiac-puncture for blood radio-labeling (BRL). The radioactivity uptake of the blood constituents was calculated together with the GIT organs by a well gamma counter. The percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) of Na(99m)TcO(4) was calculated for each GIT organs, while BRL was calculated in %ID. According to the one-way ANOVA, the stomach, jejunum, ileum from the treated groups (Group 1 and Group 2) had significant differences compared to the controls (Group 3). However, between the treated groups (Group 1 and Group 2), there were significant differences (P < .05) in the stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, transverse and rectum. In BRL analysis, Group 2 showed significant increase and decrease of the insoluble and soluble fractions of the blood cells, respectively (P < .0001). The authors suggest that St.36 may have a tendency of up-regulation effect on GIT, whereas SP.6, down-regulation effect. However, further rigorous experimental studies to examine the effectiveness of acupuncture in either acupuncture points need to be carried out.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a incidência e descrever as características epidemiológicas dos casos de carcinoma epidermoide da mucosa bucal (CEMB) na região Sul-Fluminense. Foram analisados os prontuários com o diagnóstico histopatológico de CEMB emitidos por um importante centro de referência em Patologia Bucal da cidade de Valença-RJ, entre janeiro de 1990 e dezembro de 2008. Em uma amostra de 2573 prontuários, 172 apresentaram diagnóstico positivo para CEMB. Dos 172 casos diagnosticados, 58,3% acometeram indivíduos do gênero masculino, 76,32% dos casos ocorreram entre a quinta e a oitava década de vida. Em cerca de 13% dos casos, foi relatado tabagismo e/ou alcoolismo. A língua foi a região mais frequentemente acometida (21,73%), seguida pelo lábio (20,13%) e pelo assoalho bucal (18,63%). Clinicamente, o tamanho da lesão primária no momento do diagnóstico foi, em média, 2 x 1,5 cm, e seu tempo de evolução foi 8 meses para o gênero masculino e 6 meses para o gênero feminino, 43,41% dos casos apresentavam dor, 87,54% dos casos houve concordância entre o diagnóstico clinico e o histopatológico. Quanto ao grau de diferenciação histológica, 37,91% dos casos diagnosticados eram bem diferenciados, 46,21% moderadamente diferenciados e 15,88% indiferenciados. Estes resultados estão de acordo com a literatura e reforçam a importância de políticas públicas de combate ao câncer bucal.
The purpose of the present paper was to demonstrate the incidence and describe the epidemiological characteristics of the cases of epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity (ECOC) in the southern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. An analysis was made of the records containing a histopathological diagnosis of ECOC at a major reference center for oral pathology in the town of Valença-RJ between January 1990 and December 2008. Of the 2573 records examined, 172 had a positive diagnosis for ECOC. Of these, 58.3% were in males, and 76.32% of the cases were in individuals aged from 40 to 79 years. Smoking and/or alcoholism was reported in approximately 13% of the cases. The most commonly affected region was the tongue (21.73%), followed by the lip (20.13%) and the roof of the mouth (18.63%). Clinically, the size of the primary lesion at the time of diagnosis was, on average, 2 x 1.5 cm and the duration of its progression was 8 months in males and 6 months in females. Pain was present in 43.41% of the cases and in 87.54% the clinical diagnosis was in agreement with the histological diagnosis. As for the degree of histological differentiation, 37.91% of the cases diagnosed were well differentiated, 46.21% moderately differentiated and 15.88% undifferentiated. These results correspond to those in the literature and reinforce the importance of public health polices in the fight against cancer of the mouth.
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O emprego de técnicas imuno-histoquímicas, utilizando marcadores biológicos como o Ki-67 que permite a avaliação do índice de proliferação celular em neoplasias malignas, vem sendo preconizado como um importante caminho de investigação do comportamento biológico das neoplasias malignas tendo como consequências contribuições para o estabelecimento do prognóstico e desenvolvimento de novos protocolos terapêuticos os resultados sugerem que a expressão de Ki-67 está relacionada ao índice mitótico e consequentemente proliferação celular e diferenciação da neoplasia.
The job of imuno-histoquímicas techniques, using marking biological as the Ki-67 that allows the evaluation of the index of cellular proliferation in malignant neoplasias, comes being praised as an important way of inquirv of the biological behavior of the malignant neoplasias having as consequences contribuitions for the establishment of the prognostic and development of new therapeutical protocols the results suggest that the expression of Ki-67 is related to the mitótico index and consequently cellular proliferation and differentiation of the neoplasia.
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Inmunohistoquímica , Carcinoma , Biomarcadores , Neoplasias de la BocaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of acupuncture combined with physiotherapy in comparison with acupuncture and physiotherapy performed alone in different parameters; pain intensity, muscle tension, functional disability and muscle strength in the treatment of tension neck syndrome (TNS). DESIGN: A prospective, comparative clinical trial. SETTING: Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Department. BACKGROUND: TNS can occur in computer users. Acupuncture has been one alternative treatment in physiotherapeutic rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders. SUBJECTS: Forty-six patients with TNS. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were allocated into three groups: Group-1 received physiotherapy (therapeutic exercises) combined with acupuncture; Group-2, acupuncture alone, and Group-3, physiotherapy alone; over a period of 10 weeks, with one or two sessions weekly. OUTCOME ASSESSMENT: All patients had completed the protocols and were assessed using a visual analogue scale for pain intensity (VASpain) and muscle tension (VASmt), the Neck Disability Index: Brazilian Portuguese version for functional disability, and the cranio-cervical Flexion Test for isometric neck muscle strength (INMS); in the periods before treatment (baseline), after 10 weeks of treatment, and after 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: All groups showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) in these parameters after 10 weeks of treatment and after 6 months of follow-up. Group-1 was superior to Group-3 in pain and functional disability improvements (p<0.05); and Group-1 was superior to both Group-2 (p < 0.01) and Group-3 (p < 0.05) in INMS. After 6 months of follow-up, the improvements of all groups were maintained (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The data suggested that acupuncture effect may facilitate and/or enhance physiotherapy performance in musculoskeletal rehabilitation for tension neck syndrome.
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Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Dolor de Cuello/rehabilitación , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Adulto , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor de Cuello/clasificación , Dimensión del Dolor/clasificación , Proyectos Piloto , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar, com base numa pesquisa qualiquantitativa, a primeira análise do processo de implantação da Disciplina de Medicina Integral I (DMI I): "Conceitos e Práticas em Medicina: Introdução à Promoção e à Educação em Saúde". Elaborada com base nas Diretrizes Curriculares que regem o ensino médico, essa disciplina foi integrada à grade curricular da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro em 2002. O estudo foi sistematizado a partir de um corte transversal no segundo semestre letivo de 2004 com a participação de 75 estudantes (80 por cento do total de estudantes do primeiro ano de medicina). Os dados foram coletados em dois momentos do curso: inicial (pré-avaliação) e final (pós-avaliação). As questões abordadas nas avaliações consideraram as seguintes temáticas, todas presentes no curso: a crise atual da medicina e estratégias para sua superação; o papel do médico e os fatores influentes no processo de saúde-adoecimento. A média da pontuação na pré-avaliação foi de 3,7 e, na realizada ao final do curso, de 7,8. Na aplicação do teste "t-Student" para dados pareados, encontrou-se o índice p < 0,05. A análise comparativa dos dados pré e pós possibilita averiguar que o conteúdo programático trabalhado na DMI I foi apreendido pelos estudantes em níveis satisfatórios, sinalizando indicadores adequados para a análise de uma nova disciplina no processo de reformulação curricular.
The objective of this study was to analyze the implementation process of the Integrative Medicine Course I (IMC I): "Medical Concepts and Practices: Introduction to Health Promotion and Education". This discipline was elaborated on the basis of the curricular guidelines that rule medical education and integrated into the curriculum of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the Rio de Janeiro State University in 2002. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the second semester of 2004 with a sample of 75 students (80 percent of first year medical students). Data were collected at two moments: in the beginning (pre-evaluation) end in the end (post-evaluation) of the course. The evaluation focused the following questions all of them approached in the course: the current medical crisis and strategies to overcome it, the role of the doctor and factors influencing the health-disease process. The mean pre-evaluation score was 3.7 and the post-evaluation score 7.8. Student's t test resulted in p < 0.05. The pre and post evaluation scores show that the content of the IMC I course was satisfactorily assimilated by the students and allow concluding that the indicators used for analyzing a new discipline in the curricular reformulation process were adequate.
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Medicina Comunitaria , Curriculum/tendencias , Educación Médica , Guías como Asunto , Promoción de la SaludRESUMEN
Este estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para a compreensão das conseqüências do racismo, da discriminação e da intolerância racial existentes na sociocultura brasileira, que afetam a saúde mental da população negra. Tendo como metodologia o método de pesquisa-ação e observação participante, a pesquisa desenvolvida durante o Projeto Mãe-Criadeira - dirigido a gestantes negras e não negras de duas comunidades do Rio de Janeiro -, usando a idéia da Rede de Sustentação Coletiva (Guimarães,2001) como estratégia de intervenção, demonstrou contribuir para a diminuição dos efeitos nocivos do racismo nessa população de mulheres. A pesquisa baseada no pensamento teórico-clínico do psicanalista Donald Winnicott demonstrou que a exposição do indivíduo de descendência negra a um meio ambiente como o da nossa sociocultura provoca um esforço excessivo na manutenção e na realimentação do campo subjetivo (Podkameni e Guimarães, 2004) denominado por Winnicott (1975) "espaço potencial". O conceito de "situação conflitual traumatizante", proposto pelos autores neste trabalho, procura dar visibilidade a esse esforço que, por ser psíquico e não observável concretamente, põe em evidência seu caráter de situação de risco.
The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of consequences arising from racism, discrimination and racial intolerance, which exist in the Brazilian socio-culture and affect the mental health of the black population. With this objective in mind, and based on Donald Winnicott's theoretical and clinical psychoanalytic concepts, it presents the idea that the exposure of black descendants to an environment such as the one offered by our socio-culture causes an excessive effort to maintain and feed the subjective field (Podkameni and Guimarães, 2004) that Winnicott (1975) called "potential space", which has a significant importance for mental health. The study presents and discusses the concept of traumatic conflictive situations in order to give visibility to this effort, which is not observable concretely, in view of its psychological nature. Through the Mãe-Criadeira (Nursing Mother) Project experience, developed in the communities of Vigario Geral and Parada de Lucas (Rio de Janeiro), and directed at black and non-black pregnant women, the idea of the Collective Support Network is presented as an intervention strategy, contributing to lessen the harmful effects of racism in this women population.
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Grupos de Autoayuda , Población Negra , Prejuicio , Psicoanálisis , Salud HolísticaRESUMEN
We used 125 microsatellite markers to genotype the maize (Zea mays L.) near isogenic lines (NIL) L30HtPHtPRtRt and L30htphtpRtRt and the L40htphtprtrt line which contrast regarding the presence of the recently described dominant HtP and the recessive rt genes that confer resistance to Exserohilum turcicum. Five microsatellite markers revealed polymorphisms between the NIL and were considered candidate linked markers for the HtP resistance gene. Linkage was confirmed by bulked segregant sample (BSS) analysis of 32 susceptible and 34 resistant plants from a BC1F1 population derived from the cross (L30HtPHtPRtRt x L40htphtprtrt) x L40htphtprtrt. The bnlg198 and dupssr25 markers, both located on maize chromosome 2L (bin 2.08), were polymorphic between bulks. Linkage distances were estimated based on co-segregation data of the 32 susceptible plants and indicated distances of 28.7 centimorgans (cM) between HtP and bnlg198 and 23.5 cM between HtP and dupssr25. The same set of susceptible plants was also genotyped with markers polymorphic between L30HtPHtPRtRt and L40htphtprtrt in order to find markers linked to the rt gene. Marker bnlg197, from chromosome 3L (bin 3.06), was found linked to rt at a distance of 9.7 cM. This is the first report on the chromosomal locations of these newly described genes.
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O envelhecimento constitui num processo de mudanças progressivas que vai desde o declínio fisiológico gradual ao aumento de doenças que acomete o organismo paralelamente. Este processo é acompanhado por déficit funcional progressivo de vários sistemas orgânicos no qual inclui o sistema musculoesquelético (SME). O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar um método terapêutico combinado que associa a Acupuntura à Cinesioterapia simultaneamente durante a reabilitação, conhecida como Acupuntura Cinética (AC) (ou Cinesioacupuntura). Neste estudo foram incluídos 37 indivíduos acima de 65 anos, sendo 9 homens e 28 mulheres com faixa etária compreendida entre 65 anos a 90 anos. Os distúrbios musculoesqueléticos envolvidos foram 7 casos de cervicalgia, 5 de dorsalgia, 11 de lombalgia, 5 de gonalgia, 9 de ombralgia acometidos de osteoartroses, hérnias discais, contraturas crônicas. Os parâmetros de avaliação foram: Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) da intensidade da dor; Escala de Avaliação Numérica (EAN) em percentual de ganho da mobilidade funcional e de satisfação terapêutica em relação às atividades físicas. A média geral da melhora de intensidade da dor foi 11,43mm ± 15,40 (p < 0,001); o ganho da mobilidade funcional 75,16% ± 13,87 (p < 0,001), e a satisfação terapêutica 88,68% ± 18,33. Os resultados mostraram que a Acupuntura Cinética foi eficiente na reabilitação do idoso dando uma qualidade no seu movimento e a qualidade de vida. Isso estaria ser justificado devido a Acupuntura ter a capacidade de melhora da oxigenação, aumento do aporte sanguíneo e inibição o ciclo espasmo-dor. Quando a Acupuntura é associada simultaneamente a Cinesioterapia potencializa a higidez da estrutura anatômica e mecanismo do movimento.
Aging consists of a progressive changing process that leads to a gradual decline of physiological activities. Functional deficit of organic systems in which includes the musculoskeletal system (SME) are observed due to the aging. The aim of this study is to present a therapeutic approach that associates the Acupuncture to Kinesiotherapy, known as Kinetic-acupuncture (KA). KA is a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach offering the advantage of synchronizing two treatments simultaneously. Older patients (38) were included, 9 men and 29 women (age, from 65 up to 90 years). The involved musculoskeletal disorders were cervical pain (7 cases), upper back pain (5), low back pain (11) and knee pain, due to osteoarthritis, hernial disk and chronic contracture. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) method for pain intensity and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for the improvement of functional mobility and for therapeutic satisfaction were used in the evaluations. The over all mean of the pain intensity improvement was 11.43 mm ± 15.40 (p < 0.001); the functional mobility improvement was 75.16% ± 13.87 (p < 0.001), and therapeutic satisfaction in relation to occupational activities was 88.68% ± 18.33. The results showed that the KA was efficient and suitable for elderly patients by giving them better functional mobility life quality. The KA could improve the SME disorders due to acupuncture has the capability to improve of the oxygenation, to increase the blood circulation and to inhibit the pain-spasm cycle. When Acupuncture is associated to Kinesiotherapy, simultaneously, it can improve the health of the anatomical structures and the mechanism of the movement.
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Acupuntura , Envejecimiento , Quinesiología Aplicada , Limitación de la Movilidad , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
The effect of acupuncture stimulation at Zusanli point (ST.36) on the bioavailability of radio-pharmaceutical 99mTc-sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in Wistar rats was investigated. Ten healthy rats were allocated into two groups of five. Group 1 (n=5) was treated by acupuncture by inserting stainless steel needles bilaterally at ST.36; Group 2 was the untreated control. Ocular plexus administration of 0.3ml of Na99mTcO4 (3.7MBq) was carried out 10 minutes after every needle insertion. The rats were killed 25 minutes later. The organs were isolated, the radioactivity determined in a well gamma counter, and the percentage of injected radio-pharmaceutical dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was assessed for each organ. The %ID/g varied significantly (p<0.05) between Group 1 and Group 2 in pancreas (0.91 +/- 0.17 vs 0.15 +/- 0.03), stomach (7.97 +/- 0.68 vs 3.51 +/- 0.22), spleen (0.97 +/- 0.11 vs 0.41 +/- 0.14), brain (0.19 +/- 0.09 vs 0.09 +/- 0.04), kidneys (0.91 +/- 0.17 vs 0.15 +/- 0.03), heart (0.81 +/- 0.17 vs 0.31 +/- 0.02) and testis (0.46 +/- 0.04 vs 0.14 +/- 0.03). These findings suggest that the effect of acupuncture at ST.36 modulated organs and tissues responses in rats. Using Chinese theories of Zang-Fu and Five Phases, we suggest that the relationship between acupoints and organs may be related to neuromodulation mechanisms such as somatovisceral reflex responses, which play an important role in the autonomic nervous system. These results also suggest that the effect of acupuncture on the bio-availability of radio-pharmaceuticals may help our understanding of the action of acupuncture points on various organs and tissues.
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Puntos de Acupuntura , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Este trabalho foi baseado em um caso clínico de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 12 anos de idade e tenista profissional, a qual apresentava dor crônica e flogose na região distal do tendão calcâneo (tendinite do tendão de Aquiles - TTA) do lado esquerdo e com dificuldade de completar o ciclo da marcha. Estava com 28 dias sem treinar devido à dor. A paciente foi submetida ao tratamento combinado de eletroacupuntura (EAP) associado a cinesioterapia, segundo os princípios da Acupuntura Cinética (AC). Os parâmetros de avaliação foram: 1) a intensidade da dor por Escala Visual Analógica (Visual Analogue Scale - VAS); 2) a qualidade da marcha através da Análise da Marcha (AM). A paciente chegou ao atendimento sem apoiar o pé direito no chão devido ao intenso quadro álgico (VAS = 100) nas fases do toque do calcâneo e do apoio médio do pé que apresentava em pé esquerdo (VAS = 100 mm). Após a primeira sessão do tratamento de EAP com exercícios cinesioterápêuticos apresentou melhora da dor nas fases de toque do calcâneo (VAS = 20 mm) e apoio médio (VAS = 40 mm). Ao término de cinco sessões todos os movimentos já estavam completos e já não havia mais dor (VAS = 0). Este estudo sugere que a aplicação da EAP de acordo com os princípios da AC, pode ser um procedimento eficaz no combate da dor durante a reabilitação fisioterapêutica em atletas com TTA. Assim como, pode favorecer a recuperação precoce dos distúrbios agudos do sistema musculoesquelético sem comprometer a rotina de treinamento.
This work is based on a case report of a 12 years old female professional tennis player who presented a chronic pain and phlogosis at the distal region of the calcaneus tendon (Achilles Tendonitis AT) with difficulty to complete the gait cycle. The patient was 28 days without training because of the pain. The patient underwent to a combined treatment of electroacupuncture (EAP) and kinesiotherapy, according to the principles of the Kinetic Acupuncture (KA). The evaluation assessments were: 1) the pain intensity by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); and 2) the quality of the gait according to the Gait Analysis (GA). The patient showed up for the first presentation without any support of the right foot on the floor. Since there was an intense pain (VAS = 100) in the step of the touch of the calcaneous (TC) and in the step of the support around the middle of the foot (SAMF) of the left foot. After the first session of treatment, the patient showed pain improvement in the steps of TC (VAS = 20mm) and SAMF (VAS = 40mm). After five sessions of treatment, patient was totally free from pain (VAS = 0) and all movements of the left foot were completed. This study suggests that the use of the EAP can be an efficient procedure to relieve pain during the physical therapy rehabilitation under the principles of KA in athlete with AT. Although, it is suggested this therapeutic approach can favour precocious recuperation of the acute disorders of the musculoskeletal system without compromising the training routine.
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Acupuntura , Electroacupuntura , TendinopatíaRESUMEN
The use of monogenic race-specific resistance is widespread for the control of maize (Zea mays L.) helminthosporiosis caused by Exserohilum turcicum. Inoculation of 18 Brazilian isolates of E. turcicum onto elite maize lines containing previously identified resistance genes and onto differential near-isogenic lines allowed the identification of new qualitative resistance genes. The inoculation of one selected isolate on differential near-isogenic lines, F1 generations and a BC1F1 population from the referred elite lines enabled the characterization of the resistance spectrum of three new genes, one dominant (HtP), one recessive (rt) and a third with non-identified genetic action. Three physiological races of the pathogen were also identified including two with new virulence factors capable of overcoming the resistance of one of the resistance genes identified here (rt).
Asunto(s)
Zea mays/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , HerenciaRESUMEN
Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de tratamento para os Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados com o Trabalho ou Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos (DORT/LER), através de um método terapêutico combinado, que associa a acupuntura a cinesioterapia durante a reabilitação, conhecido como Acupuntura Cinética (AC) ou cinesioacupuntura. É uma conduta multidisciplinar que tem por vantagem a aplicação sincronizada destes dois procedimentos em uma só sessão, dividida em três fases, as quais se fundamentam na: 1) preparação da estrutura para receber o estímulo fisioterapêutico, mediante inibição do ciclo espasmo-dor; 2) promoção do movimento pelo efeito potencializador e sinérgico da Acupuntura durante a execução da Cinesioterapia; e 3) manutenção de resultado terapêutico, mediante estímulo (acupuntura) de ação prolongada, através da microacupuntura (agulhas e sementes), que melhora o sistema musculoesquelético (SME), em relação ao DORT/LER, através da diminuição do quadro álgico, relaxamento muscular, redução do bloqueio fibrótico, miogelose e a reintegração do sistema neuromotor e emocional. Foram tratados 37 pacientes com lesões provenientes do DORT/ LER (síndrome do túnel do carpo, cotovelo do tenista, dedo em gatilho, cervicobraquialgia e ombralgia), sendo 28 mulheres e 9 homens (idade entre 28 a 75 anos), com atividades ocupacionais diversas. Os parâmetros de avaliação foram: a) a intensidade da dor (ID), através do método de Escala Visual Analógica (EVA); b) a melhora da dor (MD); c) a mobilidade funcional (MF); e d) a satisfação terapêutica em relação às atividades físicas do trabalho pela Escala de Avaliação Numérica (EAN).A parte emocional destes pacientes foi pesquisada pela Avaliação Psicológica de Kubler-Ross Modificada (APKRM). Os resultados foram de 10,19 mm ± 16,10 de ID (p < 0,001), de 92,13% ± 15,85 da MD; do ganho MF foi de 92,70% ± 14,24 (p < 0,001); e quanto a ST, em relação a atividade do trabalho, foi de 91,35% ± 13,16. A APKRM mostrou, por parte dos pacientes, negação (20), raiva (9), pena (5) e depressão (3). Quando submetidos a nova avaliação depois do tratamento, a maioria obteve integração plena (28), enquanto outros permaneciam na negação (2), raiva (1), pena (4) e depressão (2). Apesar da amostragem limitada, pode-se sugerir através desse trabalho preliminar que a Acupuntura Cinética possui eficácia, não somente como recurso natural de reabilitação, mas também como meio para evitar as possíveis recidivas do quadro álgico. A dor é o principal fator limitante durante a realização das atividades profissionais, diminuindo a qualidade de vida, e também no que se refere ao estado emocional do portador de DORT/LER.
The aim of this work is to suggest a procedure to treat the Work Related Muscleskeletal Disorders (WRMD) through a combined therapeutic method that associates the acupuncture to the kinesiotherapy during the rehabilitation, known as Kinetic Acupuncture (AC) (or Kinesioacupunture). It is a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach offering the advantage of synchronizing two therapeutic procedures which take place simultaneously, divided in three phases: (i) preparing the injured structure to receive the physical therapy stimulation, considering that acupunture is able to inhibit the pain-spasm cycle, (ii) promoting the movements restoration by the acupunture synergical and potentializer effect during the kinesiotherapy exercises; and (iii) maintaining the long acting stimulation by microacupuncture (needles or seeds), which improves the muscleskeletal system (MSS)) relating to the WRMD, pain, fibrotic blocking, miogelosis and reintegration of the neuromotor system. 37 patients with WRMD (carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, trigger finger, cervicobrachialgia and shoulder pain), being 28 women and 9 men (age from 28 up to 75 years old), with different occupational activities. The treatment results were evaluated by the parameters: pain intensity (PI) under Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) method; pain improvement (PIm), functional mobility (FM), and therapeutic satisfaction (TS) by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The emotional aspect of these patients was studied by a modified Kubler-Ross psychological evaluation (MKRPE). The results were 10,19mm ± 16,10 of PI (p<0,001); 92,13% ± 15,85 of PIm; 92,70% ± 14,24 of FM (p<0,001); and 91,35% ± 13,16 of TS in relation to professional activities. The MKRPE before treatment showed, patients in denial stage was 20, anger (9), bargaining (5) e depression (3). After treatment another MKRPE was carried out, the majority of these patients was in the integration stage (28), and others, denial (2), anger (1), bargaining (4) and depression (2). It is possible to show with this preliminary research that the Kinetic Acupuncture seems to be effective not only as a natural way of rehabilitation, but also as a manner to avoid the possible recurrences of the pain. Pain is the main undesirable factor, during the accomplishment of the work activities and also when it concerns in emotional state of the patients with WRMD altering their life quality.
Asunto(s)
Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados , Quinesiología Aplicada , Calidad de Vida , Analgesia por Acupuntura , Puntos de AcupunturaRESUMEN
Tomando o pensamento teórico-clínico de Donald Winnicott como base, em particular o conceito de Espaço Potencial, o trabalho mostra que a existência do racismo que é estruturante das relações sociais e construtor de subjetividades dirigido à população negra em nosso país promove sofrimento psíquico neste grupo de brasileiras e brasileiros.(AU)
Basing ourselves on Donald Winnicotts theoretical-clinical thinking, more particularly on his concept of Potential Space, the paper points to the existence of racism which is a structuring element of social relations and a builder of subjectivities oriented to the black population of our country and bringing about psychic suffering in this group of Brazilian women and men.(AU)
Tomando como referencia el pensamiento teórico-clínico de Donald Winnicott, en particular el concepto de Espacio Potencial, este trabajo muestra que la existencia del racismo que es estructurante de las relaciones sociales y constructor de subjetividades dirigido contra la población negra de nuestro país, promueve sufrimiento psíquico en este grupo de brasileirase brasileiros.(AU)