Staff Knowledge and Attitudes Towards COVID-19 New Biosafety Practices at a Brazilian Dental School

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards biosafety recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Brazilian dental school. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 with the clinical staff of a Brazilian dental school. The whole clinical staff was sent pre-tested self-administered online questionnaires about knowledge and attitudes towards the recommendations for biosafety in dental settings in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistical analyses were carried out for proportion calculation. Results Disposable head covering caps, isolation gowns, and gloves were the most frequently reported personal protective equipment (PPE). The rates ranged from 52.9% to 88.5% for N95 respirators, from 68.6% to 92.6% for face shields, from 47.4% to 67.5% for conventional eye protection shields, and 45.1% to 77.4% for eye protection with solid side shields. Chlorhexidine gluconate was the most frequent mouthwash indicated before clinical dental care. The percentage of agreement to provide clinical care to patients with suspected COVID-19 varied from 23.5% to 50.0%. The percentage of respondents who agreed that bioaerosol-generating procedures should be avoided was higher than 74.5%. Less than 50% knew the correct sequence for doffing of PPE. Conclusion This study revealed important gaps in knowledge and attitudes towards prevention and control measures against infection in dental environments in the context of COVID-19, indicating the need for improvements.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Human Beta-defensin 2 and 3 in Healthy and Diseased Sites of Individuals with and without Periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: Human beta-defensins (hBDs) play an important role in the susceptibility to periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of hBD-2 and hBD-3 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with and without periodontitis. METHODS: Twenty periodontally healthy individuals (H) and 20 with periodontitis (P) were recruited. GCF samples were collected from healthy sites (Hh; n=20) from H individuals; and from healthy sites (Ph; n=20), sites with gingival inflammation but no attachment loss (Pg; n=20) and sites with inflammation and attachment loss (Pp; n=20) from P individuals. Levels of hBDs (pg/mL) were determined using ELISA. Comparisons between individuals and among sites were performed through hierarchical linear modelling. RESULTS: GCF levels [median(Q3-Q1)] of hBD-2 were: Hh=4.80 (0.00-30.69); Ph=33.29 (28.04-38.25); Pg=27.56 (23.14-35.50); and Pp=26.20 (23.20-42.54); and of hBD-3 were: Hh=0.00 (0.00-0.00); Ph=978.44 (760.48-1268.12); Pg=938.19 (806.75- 1266.38); and Pp=613.63 (325.50-854.68). Periodontitis at the individual level was associated with higher levels of hBD-2 (p=0.023) and hBD-3 (p greater than 0.001). No influence of site phenotype was observed on hBDs levels. CONCLUSION: Individuals with periodontitis presented higher levels of hBD-2 and hBD-3 in the GCF. These levels seemed to be influenced by periodontitis at the individual level but not by periodontal site.