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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of black tomato concentrate (BTC), which is rich in polyphenols, in the treatment of ED. METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized open clinical study of 150 ED patients from December 2018 to February 2020, and treated the them with placebo (n = 50), BTC (n = 50) and Compound Xuanju Capsules (CXC) (n = 50), respectively, all for 8 weeks. Before and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, we obtained the scores of the patients on IIEF-5, Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP-2,3) and General Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ-1,2), related biochemical indexes and the T level, followed by comparison among the three groups. RESULTS: Totally, 120 of the patients completed the clinical trial, 37 in the placebo, 43 in the BTC and 40 in the CXC group. There were no statistically significant differences among the placebo, BTC and CXC groups in the baseline scores on IIEF-5 (12.03 �� 3.50 vs 11.70 �� 3.80 vs 11.42 �� 3.82), EHS, and SEP-2,3 (P > 0.05). At 8 weeks after treatment, the patients in the BTC group showed significant improvement in IIEF-5 (15.67 �� 3.63), EHS, SEP-2,3 and GAQ-1 positive response compared with those in the placebo group (P < 0.05) and similar improvement to that in the CXC group in IIEF-5 (15.67 �� 3.63 vs 15.65 �� 3.87), EHS, SEP-2,3 and GAQ-1,2 (P > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of adverse reactions among the placebo, BTC and CXC groups (4.7% vs 2.7% vs 5.0%, P > 0.05), and the symptoms were significantly relieved in the BTC group after change of the administration time to after meal. CONCLUSION: Black tomato concentrate is comparable to Compound Xuanju Capsules and better than placebo (P < 0.05) in improving the IIEF-5, EHS and SEP-2,3 scores of ED patients. And, with a high safety, it can be used as an alternative treatment of ED.
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Disfunción Eréctil , Solanum lycopersicum , Masculino , Humanos , Disfunción Eréctil/tratamiento farmacológico , Disfunción Eréctil/etiología , Erección Peniana , Cápsulas/uso terapéutico , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Método Doble CiegoRESUMEN
Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common urological tumors. The role of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in renal cell carcinomas in predicting outcome of the patients is yet unclear. We analyzed the clinical and RNA-seq data of 522 kidney clear cell cancer, 259 kidney papillary cell carcinoma and 66 kidney chromophobe patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In kidney clear cell cancer patients with high PD-L1 mRNA level and low PD-L1 mRNA level in tumors, the median overall survival periods were 45.0 and 37.1 months respectively (p=0.002). Multivariate Cox regression tests found that PD-L1 mRNA level in tumor was an independent predictor for overall survival status in kidney clear cell cancer patients (HR=0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9, p=0.007). However, no significant difference in overall survival status was found between high and low PD-L1 groups in kidney papillary cell carcinoma and kidney chromophobe cohorts. Gene-set enrichment analysis on the data from databases of TCGA and GSE53757 dataset in Gene Expression Omnibus databases showed that several pathways relating to immunological functions were activated in kidney clear cell cancers with high PD-L1 mRNA expression, and glycolysis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways relating to tumor progression and metastasis were increased in kidney clear cell cancers with low PD-L1 mRNA level. In conclusion, higher PD-L1 mRNA level in kidney clear cell cancer tissues was associated with a favorable outcome due to the higher immunological responses in tumor tissues.
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Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma de Células Renales/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/mortalidad , Inmunidad Activa/genética , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Neoplasias Renales/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Renales/inmunología , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunomodulación/genética , Neoplasias Renales/inmunología , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , ARN Mensajero/genética , Transducción de Señal , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Recently, the catalytic activity-independent function of FBP1, hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) repression in the nucleus, was identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between FBP1 and hypoxia-related gene expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The protein expression levels of FBP1, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, erythropoietin (EPO) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) were assessed by immunohistochemical staining of ccRCC paraffin blocks from 123 patients using the tissue microarray technique. The expression level of FBP1 was then correlated with various clinicopathological factors, and the protein expression levels of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, EPO and CA9. Clinicopathological factors, including age, gender, T stage and Fuhrman grade, were not significantly different between patients with low and high FBP1 expression in ccRCC (P>0.05). FBP1 protein expression level was significantly correlated with the expression levels of HIF-1α (P=0.005) and EPO (P=0.010), but not significantly correlated with the expression levels of HIF-2α (P=0.123) and CA9 (P=0.513) in ccRCC tissues. The current findings confirm the association between FBP1 and hypoxia-related gene expression, and may facilitate understanding of the mechanisms of ccRCC tumorigenesis.
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Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T), a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating E2 family in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, has been reported to be overexpressed in certain tumor types and to have an important role in the Fanconi anemia pathway. In the present study, the expression of UBE2T and its association with bladder cancer were investigated; to the best of our knowledge, this has not been reported previously. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis demonstrated that UBE2T was significantly upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent normal bladder tissues and a normal human urinary tract epithelial cell line, respectively. UBE2T was detectable in the nuclei and cytoplasm of cancer cells, exhibiting stronger expression in the nuclei. A UBE2T-siRNA-expressing lentivirus was constructed and used to infect human bladder cancer 5637 cells, in order to examine the role of UBE2T in bladder cancer cell growth in vitro. The knockdown of UBE2T significantly decreased bladder cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, UBE2T silencing induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and increased cell apoptosis. Therefore, UBE2T serves an important role in the growth of bladder cancer cells, and may be considered as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Transplanted stem cells (SCs), owing to their regenerative capacity, represent one of the most promising methods to restore erectile dysfunction (ED). However, insufficient source, invasive procedures, ethical and regulatory issues hamper their use in clinical applications. The endogenous SCs/progenitor cells resident in organ and tissues play critical roles for organogenesis during development and for tissue homeostasis in adulthood. Even without any therapeutic intervention, human body has a robust self-healing capability to repair the damaged tissues or organs. Therefore, SCs-for-ED therapy should not be limited to a supply-side approach. The resident endogenous SCs existing in patients could also be a potential target for ED therapy. The aim of this review was to summarize contemporary evidence regarding: (1) SC niche and SC biological features in vitro; (2) localization and mobilization of endogenous SCs; (3) existing evidence of penile endogenous SCs and their possible mode of mobilization. We performed a search on PubMed for articles related to these aspects in a wide range of basic studies. Together, numerous evidences hold the promise that endogenous SCs would be a novel therapeutic approach for the therapy of ED.
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Disfunción Eréctil/terapia , Células Madre/citología , Disfunción Eréctil/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Pene/citologíaRESUMEN
We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcome of penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) in Chinese patients with severe erectile dysfunction (SED). From July 2000 to December 2011, 224 patients (mean age: 35.9±11.8 years, range: 20-75 years) with SED underwent PPI by experienced surgeon according to standard PPI procedure at our centre. A malleable prosthesis (AMS 650) was implanted in 45 cases (20.1%), and a three-piece inflatable prosthesis (AMS 700 CXM or AMS 700 CXR) was implanted in 179 cases (79.9%). Surgical outcomes, including postoperative complications, clinical efficacy and couple satisfaction, were evaluated over than 6 months postoperatively using medical record abstraction, IIEF-5, quality of life (QoL) scores, and the patient/partner sexual satisfaction score proposed by Bhojwani et al. Of the 224 patients eligible for the study, 201 subjects (89.7%) completed follow-up. All of patients could perform sexual intercourse post PPI with the mean postoperative IIEF-5 and QoL scores were 20.02±2.32 and 5.28±0.76, respectively, which were significantly improved compared with the preoperative scores (6.29±1.5 and 2.13±0.84, P<0.01). Of the 201 men, mechanical malfunction occurred in four cases (2.0%) and three cases were re-implanted new device, and two cases (1.0%) developed a mild curvature of the penis. Scrotal erosion with infection occurred in one case with diabetes mellitus (0.5%) and required complete removal of the implanted AMS 700 CXM. Satisfactory sexual intercourse at least twice per month was reported by 178 men (88.6%), and overall satisfaction with the PPI surgery was reported by 89.0% of men and 82.5% of partners. Patient satisfaction in the three-piece inflatable prosthesis group was higher than in the malleable prosthesis group (P<0.05). Satisfaction, however, between the types of prostheses, did not differ in the partner survey. PPI is a safe and effective treatment option for Chinese patients with SED and experienced surgeon perform PPI according to standard PPI procedure could reduce the postoperative complications of PPI and could improve patient satisfaction ratio and QoL.
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Disfunción Eréctil/cirugía , Implantación de Pene , Pene/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , China , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Satisfacción del Paciente , Implantación de Pene/métodos , Prótesis de Pene , Implantación de Prótesis , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Retrospectivos , Parejas Sexuales , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the injected autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in improving stress urinary incontinence in a rodent model of parturition-related stress incontinence and the possible mechanism. METHODS: The 40 rats were developed stress urinary incontinence models by postpartum balloon dilation of the vagina for 4 hours followed by bilateral ovariectomy. ADSCs were isolated from the peri-ovarian fat and labeled with thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU). Twenty stress urinary incontinence rats received peri-urethral injection of phosphate-buffered saline as the negative controls and the other 20 stress urinary incontinence rats received peri-urethral injection of EdU-labeled ADSCc. Twenty control rats underwent sham ovariectomy without balloon dilation and served as positive controls. Four weeks later, voiding function was assessed by cystometry. Urethral histologic examination (Masson trichrome stain, picrosirius red stain, Hart elastin stain, Gordon and Sweet stain, and immunohistochemical stain) and Western blot were performed on urethral tissues. RESULTS: Both leak point pressure and bladder capacity were significantly increased in ADSC-treated rats, compared to the balloon-injured ovariectomized rats. Histologic examination revealed normalized appearance of the fibromuscular structure of the urethra as well as increased peri-urethral blood vessel density in ADSC-treated rats. On Western blot, vascular endothelial growth factor and P-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs)1/2 protein was expressed at a higher rate in tissues from ADSC-treated rats compared to phosphate-buffered saline-treated rats. CONCLUSION: Peri-urethral injection of ADSCs is associated with more normal urinary function and urethral structure in rats with parturition-related incontinence. The activation of vascular endothelial growth factor and ERK1/2 may be responsible for the paracrine effects from ADSCs.
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Tejido Adiposo/trasplante , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Trasplante de Células Madre , Uretra/fisiopatología , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/fisiopatología , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Animales , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Músculo Liso/patología , Músculo Estriado/patología , Neovascularización Fisiológica , Ovariectomía , Parto , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Uretra/irrigación sanguínea , Uretra/metabolismo , Uretra/patología , Vejiga Urinaria/fisiología , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/metabolismo , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/terapia , Micción/fisiología , UrodinámicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the co-sub-cellular-location of Cox7a2 and Ras. METHODS: Ras and its mutant plasmid were cloned by RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Cox7a2-pEYFP-N1, Ras-pEYFP-N1 and N17-Ras-pEYFP-N1 fluorescent protein vectors were constructed and transfected into TM3 cells. RESULTS: Cox7a2 was located in the mitochondria, but its location was changed by the expression of Ras. When the dominant negative ras was expressed in the cells, the Cox7a2 located into the mitochondria again. CONCLUSION: Cox7a2 mediated testosterone production, which might be at least in part related with the Ras signaling pathway. Ras may be the regulating target and further investigation is needed to make it clear.
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Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/metabolismo , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/genética , Proteínas ras/fisiología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Clonación Molecular , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Hipogonadismo/genética , Hipogonadismo/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Testosterona/biosíntesis , TransfecciónRESUMEN
Levofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone that is usually used to treat chronic bacterial prostatitis. We investigated the safety and efficacy of levofloxacin compared with ciprofloxacin for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis in Chinese patients. This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Four hundred and seventy-one patients with clinical symptoms/signs were enrolled into the study, and 408 patients were microbiologically confirmed chronic bacterial prostatitis, who were randomized to either oral levofloxacin (500 mg q.d.) or ciprofloxacin (500 mg b.i.d.) for 4 weeks. Bacterial clearance rate, clinical symptoms/signs, adverse reactions and disease recurrence were assessed. The clinical symptoms and signs (including dysuria, perineal discomfort or pain) and bacteria cultures in 209 patients treated with levofloxacin and 199 patients treated with ciprofloxacin were similar. The most common bacteria were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. One to four weeks after the end of 4 weeks treatment, the bacterial clearance rate (86.06% vs. 60.03%; P<0.05) and the clinical efficacy (including clinical cure and clinical improvement(93.30% vs. 71.86%; P<0.05)) were significantly higher in the levofloxacin-treated group than in the ciprofloxacin-treated group. The microbiological recurrence rate was significantly lower in the levofloxacin-treated group than in the ciprofloxacin-treated group (4.00% vs. 19.25%; P<0.05). Rates of adverse events and treatment-related adverse events were slightly lower in the levofloxacin-treated group than in ciprofloxacin-treated group. Levofloxacin showed some advantages over ciprofloxacin in terms of clinical efficacy and disease recurrence, with a low rate of adverse events, for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis in Chinese patients.
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Ciprofloxacina/efectos adversos , Levofloxacino , Ofloxacino/efectos adversos , Prostatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Pueblo Asiatico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ofloxacino/uso terapéutico , Prostatitis/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
To study pathological changes of fibromuscular system and the role of TGF-ß1/Smad pathway in the urethra of a parturition-induced stress urinary incontinence (SUI) rat model. Twenty-eight 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats at gestational day 16 were used and randomized into two groups: sham group and SUI group. After delivery, rats in the SUI group underwent postpartum vaginal balloon dilation and bilateral ovariectomy. 1 month after ovariectomy, urodynamics was assessed. Histological examination (Masson's trichrome stain, picrosirius red stain, Hart's elastin stain, Gordon & Sweet's stain, and immunohistochemical stain) and Western blot were performed on urethral tissues. Both leak point pressure and maximal bladder capacity were significantly decreased in the balloon-injured ovariectomized rats, compared with the sham rats. Muscle was significantly decreased in the urethra of SUI rats compare with sham rats. Collagen I/III and reticular fibers from SUI group were also significantly lower than sham group. Meanwhile, elastic fibers and reticular fibers showed fragmentation and disorganization indicating impairment in the fibromuscular system in SUI rats. TGF-ß1, MMP-9, and phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) were expressed significantly higher in SUI than in sham rats. Simulated birth trauma and menopause induced an upregulation of the TGF-ß1/Smad pathway and impairment of the fibromuscular system in the urethra.
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Tejido Elástico/metabolismo , Proteína Smad2/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Uretra/patología , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/metabolismo , Animales , Traumatismos del Nacimiento , Cateterismo/efectos adversos , Tejido Elástico/patología , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Anomalías Musculoesqueléticas/metabolismo , Anomalías Musculoesqueléticas/patología , Ovariectomía/efectos adversos , Parto , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Proteína Smad2/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Uretra/lesiones , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/genética , Urodinámica/fisiología , Vagina/lesiones , Vagina/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and regulation of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells from androgen dependent to androgen independent. METHODS: LNCaP cells were cultured in charcoal-stripped serum for 6 months to establish androgen-independent celline (LNCaP-AI). Proliferation of LNCaP-AI was assayed by cell viability. Expression of AR mRNA and protein was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor IWR-1 and proteasome inhibitor lactacystin were used to investigate effects of Wnt and proteasome pathway on AR expression in LNCaP-AI. RESULTS: LNCaP-AI exhibit enhanced proliferation and up-regulated PSA expression compared with LNCaP. During androgen deprivation, AR mRNA was up-regulated in a short early stage and then declined to a stable level in LNCaP-AI compared with LNCaP, but AR protein kept in downward trend. The mRNA and protein expression of AR was decreased by IWR-1 treatment. AR protein but not mRNA was increased by lactacystin treatment. CONCLUSION: The androgen independent prostate cancer cell line was established by androgen deprivation, in which the protein expression of AR was dramatically decreased. mRNA and protein expression of AR in LNCaP-AI was related to Wnt signaling pathway and proteasome pathway. Increased Wnt signaling or decreased proteasome pathways contribute the decreased AR protein expression.
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Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Adulto , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/genética , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/patología , Antígeno Prostático Específico/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intraoperative factors affecting the patency of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy. METHODS: From January 2009 to July 2010, 73 men with obstructive azoospermia had undergone longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (LIVE). The mean age (range) was 31 years (23 to 48) for the patients and their mean infertility was 50.9 months (2 to 180). All the patients were included in three groups by the clinical variables in surgery: anastomosis number, anastomosis sites, epididymal fluid analysis. Bilateral and lateral anastomosis was in 50 and 23 cases, respectively. The anastomosis on caput, corpus and caudal was in 19, 46, and 8 cases respectively. Motile sperm in the epididymal fuild continuing flowage could be found in 55 patients. By contrast, immotile sperm could be found in 18 patients. Semen analysis was done at the end of 3 months, and patency was arbitrarily defined as >10 000 sperm/mL in ejaculate in at least one semen analysis after surgery. RESULTS: Of all the patients, 53 were followed up. Sperm was present in the ejaculate in 38 patients postoperatively. The overall patency rate was 71.7% (38/53). Patency rates of bilateral surgery and of lateral surgery achieved 80.7% and 27.6%; of caput anastomosis 38.5%, of corpus anastomosis 78.8%, of caudal anastomosis 100%, of motile sperm with epididymal fluid continuing flowage 83.7% and of immotile sperm 40%, respectively. In the study, 17 patients (33.3%, 17/53) reported spontaneous pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Except for microsurgical technology, bilateral anastomosis, corpus or caudal anastomosis, and motile sperm with epididymal fluid continuing flowage may improve patency rate postoperatively.
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Azoospermia/cirugía , Epidídimo/cirugía , Microcirugia/métodos , Conducto Deferente/cirugía , Vasovasostomía/métodos , Adulto , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Azoospermia/diagnóstico , Epidídimo/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Conducto Deferente/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe early complications (within 90 days) after radical cystectomy and to analyze the associated specific risk factors. METHODS: The clinical data from 208 consecutive cases of muscle invasive bladder cancer were collected and reviewed. Potential variables predictive of early morbidity were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 208 subjects, 160 (76.9%)developed at least 1 postoperative complication and 46 (22.2%) at least 2 complications. The most frequent complications presented were blood loss (75 cases), post-operative renal insufficiency (31 cases), and intestinal obstruction (29 cases). In univariate analysis, operative time, hypertension and preoperative creatinine level were associated with the development of complications. On multivariate analysis, operative time, preoperative creatinine level were the significant factors. CONCLUSION: Morbidity remains high after radical cystectomy. The operative time, preoperative creatinine level and hypertension may be associated with the postoperative complications. Acknowledgement of the patients' specific risk factors and monitoring perioperative processes may incrementally reduce risks and improve outcomes of the patients.
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Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/cirugía , Cistectomía/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Anciano , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Creatinina/sangre , Cistectomía/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Insuficiencia Renal/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of patients treated with radical cystectomy and extended lymphadenectomy for invasive bladder cancer and to describe the association of the primary bladder tumor grade, stage, lymph node status and lymph node density with clinical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done of 32 consecutive cases with bladder cancer who received radical cystectomy and extended lymph node dissection from January 2006 to December 2010 in the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital. All the patients were scheduled for the follow-up. The survival data were analyzed with the tumor grade, stage, lymph node status and other factors that might relate to the prognosis by statistics. RESULTS: All the cases were diagnosed as invasive urothelial bladder cancer by preoperative biopsy or TUR-Bt. During the follow-up, 6 patients (18.8%) got disease progression, and 4 patients died (12.5%). Overall survival rate was 87.5%. In 32 patients, 17 months and 3 year survival rates were (88.7 ± 12.1)% and (81.8 ± 17.0)%, respectively. From the tumor grade point of view, 6 patients belonged to G2, and 26 cases G3. All deaths were graded G3. G3-class 3-year survival rate was (74.6 ± 23.9)% (P> 0.05, compared with G2). From the analysis of stage, T1 and T2 stages had no death during the follow-up. The 17-month survival rate of T3 group was (60.0 ± 42.9)%, the 8-month survival rate of T4 group was (87.5 ± 22.9)%. There were 9 patients with positive lymph nodes (28.1%) and 23 with negative in (71.9%). The number of dissection lymph nodes was from 7-50 ( average 22.8 ). The 17-month survival rate of patients with positive lymph node was (50.0 ± 44.6)%. The 3-year survival rate of patients with negative lymph node was (92.3 ± 14.5)% (P<0.05). The 3-year survival rate of patients with lymph node density less than 20% was (88.8 ± 15.4)%. The 8-month survival rate of patients with lymph node density greater than 20% was (66.7 ± 53.3)% (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Radical cystectomy with extended lymph node dissection can improve the prognosis of patients with invasive bladder cancer. Tumor stage, lymph node status and lymph node density are closely related to the patient's survival.
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Cistectomía/métodos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Pronóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To collect clinical data of patients with erectile dysfunction-no sexual life (ED-NS), and investigate its characteristics with a simple evaluating questionnaire. METHODS: Sixty-one patients who complained erectile dysfunction without sexual life for more than six months and 57 normal controls were enrolled in our study. The mean age of the ED-NS patients was 26.2 ± 4.3 years, compared with 24.9 ± 4.1 years of normal controls, without significant difference (P>0.05). The erectile function was assessed with a simple questionnaire including 16 questions, such as sexual libido, general erectile function, nocturnal penile erection, erectile function during foreplay without sexual life, erectile function during audio-video sexual stimulation, confidence, depressions, etc. The patients filled "yes" or "no" in the blank of the questionnaire according to their erectile function. The frequency distributions of each question between the two groups were analyzed with chi-square test of four-fold table. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the frequency distributions of 13 questions in ED-NS group were significantly different, such as sexual libido (χ²=35.891, P<0.05), confidence of erection (χ²=75.608, P<0.05), general erectile function(χ²=54.433, P<0.05), nocturnal penile erection(χ²=29.815, P<0.05), erectile function during foreplay without sexual life(χ²=21.211, P<0.05), confidence of erection during foreplay without sexual life(χ²=70.445, P<0.05), erectile function during audio-video sexual stimulation(χ²=34.422, P<0.05), etc. But in both groups, some patients didn't have masturbation so that they couldn't answer the masturbation questions. CONCLUSION: We have created a new conception about the patients without sexual life, erectile dysfunction-no sexual life, which defines it as the inability to have enough erection hardness and duration so as to have enough confidence in attempting sexual intercourse for more than six months. We will establish a special index of the ED-NS questionnaire to assess erectile function of ED-NS. Further study is needed.
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Disfunción Eréctil/diagnóstico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Cox7a2 on the LH-induced testosterone production and the involved autophagy regulating signals in TM3 mouse Leydig cells. METHODS: The Cox7a2-pEYFP-N1 fluorescent protein vector was constructed and transfected into TM3 mouse Leydig cells. The level of testosterone was determined by ELISA, and the effects of Cox7a2 on the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and the phosphorylation of the autophagy regulatory factor P70S6K were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: LH stimulation increased the StAR protein expression and testosterone production, while Cox7a2 decreased P70S6K phosphorylation, reduced StAR expression and consequently inhibited LH-induced testosterone biosynthesis in the TM3 Leydig cells. CONCLUSION: Cox7a2 inhibits testosterone production by decreasing the StAR protein expression, which might be at least in part related with the activation of autophagy in TM3 mouse Leydig cells.
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Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 70-kDa/metabolismo , Testosterona/biosíntesis , Animales , Autofagia , Células Cultivadas , Hormona Luteinizante/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , FosforilaciónRESUMEN
This study sought to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of combined oral therapy with sildenafil and doxazosin GITS compared to sildenafil monotherapy in treating Chinese patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH/LUTS). The trial was conducted in hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha, Wuhan and Guangzhou, five major cities in China. A total of 250 patients diagnosed with ED and BPH/LUTS aged 50-75 years, and who had International Index of Erection Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores ≤21 and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥10 points, were enrolled and randomly divided into Group A (168 cases; doxazosin GITS 4 mg once daily plus sildenafil 25-100 mg on demand) and Group B (82 cases; sildenafil 25-100 mg on demand). Efficacies were evaluated by IIEF-5 and IPSS scores and a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire, and adverse effects were evaluated during the treatment period. There were no statistically significant differences in mean age, and IIEF-5, IPSS and QoL scores pre-treatment between the two groups. After treatment, IIEF-5, IPSS and QoL scores were significantly improved in Group A, while only IIEF-5 scores were significantly improved in Group B compared with pre-treatment. There were no significant differences in side effects between the two groups. The results indicated that combined therapy with sildenafil and doxazosin GITS for the treatment of ED and BPH/LUTS is safe and effective compared to sildenafil monotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Doxazosina/administración & dosificación , Disfunción Eréctil/tratamiento farmacológico , Piperazinas/administración & dosificación , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Sulfonas/administración & dosificación , Trastornos Urinarios/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico , China , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicaciones , Purinas/administración & dosificación , Calidad de Vida , Citrato de Sildenafil , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trastornos Urinarios/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: There is no consensus on the treatment of renal colic, a hazardous condition for both pregnant women and their fetus during pregnancy. The present study was to evaluate the therapeutic safety and efficacy of double-J stent. METHODS: Twenty-five pregnant women were admitted into our hospital for renal colic between January 2008 and June 2009. The mean age was (28.3 ± 4.9) years old. And the mean gestational week was (20.1 ± 6.9) weeks. The diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were as follows: (1) Upon admission, routine urine and blood tests, chemistry panel and ultrasonography were performed. (2) Analgesics or antispasticity drugs were dispended to the patients, such as progesterone. (3) Magnesium sulfate was used for anti-inflammation. (4) If renal colic was not relieved, a double-J stent was inserted into the ureter via cystoscopy. At pre-, intra- and post-operation, an obstetrician monitored the fetal heart and uterine contraction. (5) Ultrasonography was conducted to check the location of double-J stent. (6) After delivery, the women underwent ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) and then the double-J stent was extracted. RESULTS: Five (20%, 5/25) patients had a positive previous history: three for renal calculus (n = 3), solitary kidney (n = 1) and reimplantation of ureter (n = 1). Only one patient run a high fever of 40°C. Most patients (84%) had a positive percussion over renal regions. Only 6 patients (24%, 6/25) were found to have a great quantity of red blood cells in urine. Half of the patients showed 10 - 20 white blood cells (WBC) per high power field in urine. Fifteen patients (60%, 15/25) had an elevated count of WBC in routine blood test. Only one patient was with elevated serum creatinine because of her solitary kidney. The calcium level decreased in 8 patients (32%, 8/25). All patients suffered hydronephrosis while 18 patients (72%, 18/25) were not found with calculus in ureters or kidneys. Pain of six patients (24%, 6/25) was relieved after the dosing of analgesics. Eighteen patients (72%, 18/25) underwent double-J stent insertion and 1 patient (4%, 1/25) received percutaneous renal puncture. Then pain was relieved and hydronephrosis vanished. After delivery, calculi were treated properly and then the double-J stent were extracted. Iconography showed no residual calculi. CONCLUSION: For pregnant women with renal colic, retrograde intra-ureteral cannula of double-J stent is both safe and effective. It should be recommended for all renal colic women during pregnancy with or without calculus after the ineffective dosing of analgesics.
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Complicaciones del Embarazo/prevención & control , Cólico Renal/prevención & control , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Stents , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the time course of positive head-up tilt test (HUTT) for patients with suspected vasovagal syncope.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Consecutive patients referred to the syncope unit of our center for recurrent unexplained syncope were included. The HUTT consisted of a 30 minute passive basic phase and a 20 minute sublingual nitroglycerin provocation phase if syncope did not develop during the passive phase.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive HUTT was observed in 427 out of 773 consecutive patients (55.2%) patients including 43 patients (10.1%) during the passive basic phase and 384 patients (89.9%) during the nitroglycerin provocation phase. During the basic phase, the positive Hutt developed at 7.5 minute (n = 2) and peaked at 22.5th minute (20.9%, n = 9) and then decreased gradually. Most positive reactions (93.0%, n = 40) occurred between the 10 and 25 minutes during the basic phase. During the nitroglycerin provocation phase, the percentage of positive reactions increased rapidly after sublingual nitroglycerin, peaked at the 10th minute (35.7%, n = 137) and decreased thereafter. Most positive reactions (96.1%, n = 369) occurred within the first 15 minutes of provocation phase.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The appropriate duration for HUTT test could be modified to a 25 minutes passive basic phase plus 15 minutes nitroglycerin provocation phase.</p>
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Estudios Retrospectivos , Síncope Vasovagal , Diagnóstico , Pruebas de Mesa InclinadaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and superiority of retropubic extraperitoneal laparoscopic simple prostatectomy with prostatic urethra preservation to treat large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) . METHODS: From January 2006 to August 2009, laparoscopic simple prostatectomy with prostatic urethra preservation was performed in 45 patients with symptomatic BPH,and the age of patients was 70.5+/-7.2 (range 47 to 83) years old. The transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) revealed BPH and calculated prostatic gland weight was 126.1+/-52.4 (range 62 to 365) g. There were 3 cases presented with bladder calculus and 1 case presented with bladder diverticulum. The technique included retropubic extraperitoneal space produced by balloon dilation, five trocars in a reverted U shape placed,transverse prostatic capsular incision made, subcapsular plane developed, prostatic adenoma removed while prostatic urethra preserved as well as prostatic capsule sutured. Demographic, perioperative and outcome data were recorded. RESULTS: No patient required conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was 123.9+/-51.3 (range 37 to 270) minutes and the estimated blood loss was 230.6+/-194.5 (range 50 to 800) mL. Blood transfusion was not necessary in this group of patients. Bladder irrigation was not needed except for the initial 2 cases and the average Foley catheter duration was 7.5+/-3.5 (range 2 to 14) days. Significant improvement was noted in the maximum flow rate, the International Prostate Score Symptoms (IPSS) and the quality of life questionnaires (QOL) three months after surgery. The erectile function was preserved in all patients who were potent before surgery and the ejaculation maintained antegrade. No urinary incontinence was reported by patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy with prostatic urethra preservation for large benign prostatic hyperplasia is feasible and reproducible. Postoperative bladder irrigation can be avoided and antegrade ejaculation is preserved. The patients have a shorter hospital stay and early return to normal activity.