RESUMEN
Acinetobacter species is one of the most prevailing nosocomial pathogens with a potent ability to develop antimicrobial resistance. It commonly causes infections where there is a prolonged utilization of medical devices such as CSF shunts, catheters, endotracheal tubes, and similar. There are several strains of Acinetobacter (A) species (spp), among which the majority are pathogenic to humans, but A. baumannii are entirely resistant to several clinically available antibiotics. The crucial mechanism that renders them a multidrug-resistant strain is their potent ability to synthesize biofilms. Biofilms provide ample opportunity for the microorganisms to withstand the harsh environment and further cause chronic infections. Several studies have enumerated multiple physiological and virulence factors responsible for the production and maintenance of biofilms. To further enhance our understanding of this pathogen, in this review, we discuss its taxonomy, pathogenesis, current treatment options, global resistance rates, mechanisms of its resistance against various groups of antimicrobials, and future therapeutics.
RESUMEN
HPV is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer which in turn is one of the common causes of death among female genital malignancies. Cervical cancer being a preventable disease, screening plays a vital role in its reduction. In this era of advanced health care system and technologies this cancer is still in the increasing trend, especially in the Low and Middle Income Countries, which reflects the poor coverage of women for screening. Advances in screening tests and techniques for better and larger coverage of women is the need of the hour globally. Clinicians also need to be aware of the various promising technologies available for screening of cervical cancer precursors, application of which in general practice can be of immense help in cervical cancer reduction.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Iron plays an important role in myelination. Ferritin is a reliable indicator of the tissue iron store and umbilical cord ferritin level reflects the in utero iron stores. Objective is to study the effect of the umbilical cord ferritin level on the ABR recording in the newborn. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India with a sample of 250. The study group was divided into Group A (with umbilical cord ferritin level of ≤ 75ng/ml) and Group B (umbilical cord ferritin level > 75ng/ml). Correlation analysis was carried out to study the relation between ferritin level and latency of wave I,III and V. Two sample t test was done between the two groups to study the significance of latency and amplitude of various ABR waves. RESULTS: There was no correlation between the ferritin and ABR threshold as well as latency and amplitude of ABR waves. A significant prolongation of the absolute latency of wave V and the interwave latency of III - V and I -V of both the ears was found in Group A. The amplitude of the ABR waves did not show any statistical difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Ferritin levels effect the latency of wave V of ABR and this may be attributed to slow conduction time secondary to altered myelination. Measurement of serum ferritin may be considered as a routine protocol in newborn babies after delivery or before discharge from hospital.
