Smart photovoltaic system for Indian smart cities: a cost analysis.

In this paper, a methodology and optimization using the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for life cycle cost (LCC) assessment of photovoltaic (PV) system for some Indian smart cities have been presented. Smart cities are the urban areas that utilize solar power PV system with other advanced innovations. The life cycle cost with and without carbon credit earned due to solar power generation in particular smart city should be known. Smart cities aim to assist local bodies in assessing their present energy consumption and future demand. This paper also focuses on PV energy generation, savings, and efficiency with cost. Four smart cities have been selected for LCC estimation on different field condition basis. The results show that in Srinagar, energy production is maximum, i.e., 435MWh, and LCC is minimum INR4125 million with an 8.9% rate of return on it. Therefore, net carbon dioxide emission reduction per annum for smart PV system over a lifetime of 20 years is 76.5 tCO2e on the overall thermal energy and 17.7 tCO2e on the overall exergy gain. LCC of smart PV system for different years has been estimated and optimized using the ABC algorithm, and the results show a 50.24% reduction in LCC. With the proposed approach, future opportunities for smart cities with smart PV system can be revealed.

Enhancement of output power of semitransparent photovoltaic thermal air collector using ANFIS model.

The paper aims to develop a model using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) architecture for enhancing output power of semitransparent photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collector by predicting the failure of PV panels for different weather conditions and different climate zones. Increased temperature of the photovoltaic module is a big problem which reduces its working life. The working and hotspot temperatures of photovoltaic (PV) modules have been reduced using ANFIS-based thermal design with optimal placement of PV cells which increase their life and reduce the failure rate which in turn increase the output power. The overall analysis reveals that output power is enhanced using ANFIS-based model by minimizing absolute error to 1.4% in 100 epochs by predicting accurate parameters.

Do local liposomal bupivacaine and interscalene nerve block provide similar pain control after shoulder arthroplasty? A dual-center randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Interscalene nerve block (INB) has become a popular technique for shoulder anesthesia. However, INB is associated with complication rates as high as 20%. Local liposomal bupivacaine (LLB) is an alternative to INB that potentially offers extended pain control with fewer adverse effects. METHODS: We conducted a dual-center randomized controlled trial of 108 participants who were treated with LLB (n = 54) or INB (n = 54) to control pain after shoulder arthroplasty. We assessed visual analog scale pain scores at 6-hour intervals from 6 to 96 hours postoperatively and at the first postoperative visit. We assessed opioid medication consumption intraoperatively and on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 postoperatively, as well as the duration of hospital and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stays. RESULTS: At 6 hours postoperatively, the mean visual analog scale pain score was lower in the INB group (2.9 ± 3.1) than in the LLB group (5.1 ± 2.9, P < .01). The INB group consumed less opioid medication during the first 24 hours postoperatively (18 ± 12 morphine milligram equivalents) than did the LLB group (36 ± 48 morphine milligram equivalents, P = .01). The PACU stay was shorter in the INB group (102 ± 53 minutes) compared with the LLB group (139 ± 77 minutes, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with LLB, INB provides better pain control immediately after shoulder arthroplasty as evidenced by shorter PACU stays, lower pain scores at 6 hours postoperatively, and less opioid medication consumption during the first 24 hours postoperatively. However, no differences in outcomes were observed between groups beyond 24 hours.

The impact of chronic steroid use on early postoperative complications in shoulder surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic steroid use has been associated with poor healing and worse long-term outcomes in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, but the specific risk profile and short-term complications related to chronic steroids in patients undergoing outpatient shoulder surgery are inadequately defined. The purpose of this study is to characterize the effects of chronic steroids on 30-day post-operative complications following arthroscopic and open shoulder surgery. METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was used to identify patients who underwent arthroscopic and open rotator cuff repair, shoulder stabilization, and associated procedures from 2011 to 2018. Patients on chronic steroids were compared with patients not on chronic steroids. Demographic data and 30-day postoperative complications were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to isolate the effects of chronic steroid use on postoperative complications. RESULTS: We identified 99,970 patients who underwent shoulder surgery during this period, of which 1.7% (1,662 patients) were on chronic steroids. Patients on chronic steroids were older (58.3 ± 0.30vs52.1 ± 0.05 years, p < 0.01), had higher average BMI (30.6 vs 30.1, p = 0.02), and were more likely to be female (54.9%vs38.0%, p < 0.01) and white (76.2%vs73.1%, p < 0.01). Patients on steroids had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and higher rates of diabetes, CHF, COPD, hypertension, bleeding disorders, and functionally dependency (all P < 0.01). Patients on chronic steroids were less likely to smoke (P < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that chronic steroid use was an independent risk factor for major (OR 2.20[1.51-3.21], p < 0.001), minor (OR 2.32[1.13-3.2], p < 0.001), and infectious complications (OR 1.90[1.13-3.2], p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative chronic steroid use is independently associated with increased odds of major, minor, and infectious complications after open and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, shoulder stabilization, and associated procedures. Patients on chronic steroids should be counseled about their increased risk for these complications, and both preoperative risk stratification and optimization should be employed to minimize perioperative risk.

Hospital Readmission Rates Following Outpatient Versus Inpatient Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Outpatient total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is an alternative to surgery with inpatient admission for appropriate patients. Controlled studies assessing differences in perioperative outcomes between inpatient and outpatient TSA are lacking. In this study, the primary outcome was 30-day all-cause hospital readmission following inpatient vs outpatient TSA. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to identify patients undergoing both primary and revision TSA from 2010 to 2017. Patients were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes. A 1:1 propensity score matching was used to create two groups of patients, those who underwent outpatient surgery and those who underwent inpatient surgery, while matching for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, primary vs revision surgery, smoking, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and congestive heart failure. This study had a power of 85% to detect a difference of 1% in 30-day readmission. Following 1:1 propensity score matching, 1714 patients who underwent inpatient TSA and 1714 patients who underwent outpatient TSA were analyzed. All-cause 30-day readmission rates were 3.4% in the outpatient group and 1.7% in the inpatient group (P<.01). A total of 1.9% of patients who underwent outpatient surgery had a 30-day readmission for a surgical complication compared with 1.4% of patients who underwent inpatient surgery (P=.32). Although patients who underwent outpatient TSA had an increased risk of all-cause 30-day readmission compared with equally matched controls who underwent inpatient TSA, readmission for surgical complications was equivalent between the two groups. Careful patient selection for outpatient TSA should be emphasized to minimize the potential for postoperative hospital admission. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(2):e173-e178.].

PPDB: A Tool for Investigation of Plants Physiology Based on Gene Ontology.

Representing the way forward, from functional genomics and its ontology to functional understanding and physiological model, in a computationally tractable fashion is one of the ongoing challenges faced by computational biology. To tackle the standpoint, we herein feature the applications of contemporary database management to the development of PPDB, a searching and browsing tool for the Plants Physiology Database that is based upon the mining of a large amount of gene ontology data currently available. The working principles and search options associated with the PPDB are publicly available and freely accessible online ( http://www.iitr.ac.in/ajayshiv/ ) through a user-friendly environment generated by means of Drupal-6.24. By knowing that genes are expressed in temporally and spatially characteristic patterns and that their functionally distinct products often reside in specific cellular compartments and may be part of one or more multicomponent complexes, this sort of work is intended to be relevant for investigating the functional relationships of gene products at a system level and, thus, helps us approach to the full physiology.

PPDB - A tool for investigation of plants physiology based on gene ontology.

Representing the way forward, from functional genomics and its ontology to functional understanding and physiological model, in a computationally tractable fashion is one of the ongoing challenges faced by computational biology. To tackle the standpoint, we herein feature the applications of contemporary database management to the development of PPDB, a searching and browsing tool for the Plants Physiology Database that is based upon the mining of a large amount of gene ontology data currently available. The working principles and search options associated with the PPDB are publicly available and freely accessible on-line ( http://www.iitr.ernet.in/ajayshiv/ ) through a user friendly environment generated by means of Drupal-6.24. By knowing that genes are expressed in temporally and spatially characteristic patterns and that their functionally distinct products often reside in specific cellular compartments and may be part of one or more multi-component complexes, this sort of work is intended to be relevant for investigating the functional relationships of gene products at a system level and, thus, helps us approach to the full physiology.

Does orthopaedic surgical training induce hypertension? A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is associated with increased cardiovascular risks manifested by ischemic heart disease and stroke. Studies of cardiothoracic surgeons and neurosurgeons suggest surgery induces a hemodynamic stress malresponse. However, it is unclear whether these occur in orthopaedic surgeons. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We measured the BP of surgeons during hallux valgus surgery, TKA, and THA with the: (1) trainee assisting the trainer, (2) the trainer assisting the trainee, (3) the trainee operating independently, and (4) compared the intraoperative changes in BP and heart rate of orthopaedic surgeons with those of a clinic day and during an exercise tolerance test. METHODS: We used an ambulatory BP monitor to measure the BP and heart rate of three consultants and their respective trainees during hallux valgus surgery, TKA, or THA. We noted if there were any differences in the stress response of the lead surgeon in comparison to when the same individual was assisting a trainee, and vice versa. Additionally, we recorded the trainee's BP and heart rate when they were operating independently. The intraoperative changes in BP and heart rate of orthopaedic surgeons were compared with those measured during a clinic day and during an exercise tolerance test. RESULTS: When the trainer was leading the operation, their mean arterial pressure gradually increased to 105 (range, 102-109) until implant placement. However, when the trainee was operating and the trainer assisting, the trainer's BP peaked (mean, 101; range, 95-111) at the beginning of the procedure and slowly declined as it progressed. The trainee's BP remained elevated throughout. The highest peaks for trainees were noted during independent operating. All of the surgeons had higher average BP readings (mean, 100; range, 95-108) and heart rate (mean, 86; range, 57-117) on days when they did surgery compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The elective operations studied induced a hypertensive response. The response was more marked in trainees than in trainers, particularly if the trainee was operating independently.

Influence of Cobalt Doping on the Physical Properties of Zn0.9Cd0.1S Nanoparticles.

Zn0.9Cd0.1S nanoparticles doped with 0.005-0.24 M cobalt have been prepared by co-precipitation technique in ice bath at 280 K. For the cobalt concentration >0.18 M, XRD pattern shows unidentified phases along with Zn0.9Cd0.1S sphalerite phase. For low cobalt concentration (≤0.05 M) particle size, dXRDis ~3.5 nm, while for high cobalt concentration (>0.05 M) particle size decreases abruptly (~2 nm) as detected by XRD. However, TEM analysis shows the similar particle size (~3.5 nm) irrespective of the cobalt concentration. Local strain in the alloyed nanoparticles with cobalt concentration of 0.18 M increases ~46% in comparison to that of 0.05 M. Direct to indirect energy band-gap transition is obtained when cobalt concentration goes beyond 0.05 M. A red shift in energy band gap is also observed for both the cases. Nanoparticles with low cobalt concentrations were found to have paramagnetic nature with no antiferromagnetic coupling. A negative Curie-Weiss temperature of -75 K with antiferromagnetic coupling was obtained for the high cobalt concentration.