RESUMEN
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming increasingly common and is associated with development and rapid progression of aortic stenosis (AS). Patients with AS and CKD have higher mortality rates than those with AS of similar severity and normal kidney function. The diagnosis of severe AS in patients with CKD is often challenging due to alterations in haemodynamics and heart structure, and integration of data from multiple imaging modalities may be required. When indicated, the definitive treatment for severe AS is aortic valve replacement. Patients with CKD are candidates for bioprosthetic valve replacement (surgical or transcatheter aortic valve implantation) or mechanical valve replacement. However, for patients with CKD, lifetime management is complex, as patients with CKD have a higher competing risk of bioprosthetic structural valve deterioration, bleeding in the setting of systemic anticoagulation and mortality related to CKD itself. The involvement of a heart-kidney multidisciplinary team in the care of patients with CKD and severe AS is ideal to navigate the complexities of diagnosis and management decisions.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/complicaciones , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Humanos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Factores de Riesgo , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Dolor en el Pecho/diagnóstico por imagen , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Cardiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Neoplasias Esofágicas/complicaciones , Esofagectomía , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/complicaciones , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Masculino , Microcirculación , Compuestos Organofosforados , Compuestos de Organotecnecio , Factores de Riesgo , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Tecnecio Tc 99m SestamibiRESUMEN
The complex embryology of the anterior mediastinum makes it home to an array of primary neoplasms tied to the presence of the thyroid and thymus glands in that compartment. While the occurrence of ectopic thyroid deposits in the extramediastinal thorax has not been convincingly established, the other three "Ts" of the classic "4T" mnemonic for the differential diagnosis of an anterior mediastinal mass have occurred in the lung parenchyma, pleural space, and endobronchially as primary tumors. Finding any of the three lesions - thymoma, teratoma, or B-cell lymphoma - in the chest outside the mediastinum is very unusual, but that possibility exists. Herein, we illustrate examples of this rare phenomenon.
