Nano crystalline cellulose based drug delivery system for some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro simulation studies.

Nano crystalline cellulose (NCC) created a breakthrough in biomedical field because of its important characteristics like large surface area, good mechanical strength, biocompatibility, renewability and feasibility of incorporation to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. In the present study NCC based drug delivery systems (DDSs) of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were obtained by covalent bonding between hydroxyl groups of NCC with carboxyl group of NSAIDs. Developed DDSs were characterized by means of FT-IR, XRD, SEM and thermal analysis. In-vitro release study and fluorescence study showed that these systems are stable up to 18 h in upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract at pH 1.2 and released NSAIDs in sustained manner over the period of 3 h in intestine at pH 6.8-7.4. Present study performed with the aim to reuse bio-waste even in the form of DDSs is of greater therapeutic efficacy with reduced dosing frequency that overcome physiological adversities involved with NSAIDs.

Differential effect of surfactants tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide and N-Cetyl-N, N, N-trimethyl ammonium bromide bound to nano-cellulose on binding and sustained release of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Nano crystalline cellulose (NCC) modified with cationic surfactant CTAB (N-Cetyl-N, N, N-trimethyl ammonium bromide) proved as effective drug delivery excipient for sustained release of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the present work, our purpose was to study the effect of another cationic surfactant TBAB (tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide) used to modify NCC on binding and sustained release of hydrophobic NSAIDs. NCC modified TBAB was characterized by FTIR & TGA analysis. TBAB-NSAID interactions have been assessed using CHEM3D. The sustained release character was monitored by time dependent serum protein protecting and time dependent anti-cathepsins activities. The NCC-TBAB exhibited the binding efficiency for NSAIDs in the range of 42-25% depending upon the hydrophobicity of NSAID and released the drug up to 60 min. The research problem added to the existing knowledge of suitable surfactants required to change the hydrophilic nature of NCC to act as carrier for hydrophobic drugs. TBAB surfactant having shorter alkyl chain length exhibited lower binding efficiency and decreased sustain release of drugs as compared to CTAB having longer alkyl chain length.

Some cetyltrimethylammonium bromide modified polysaccharide supports as sustained release systems for curcumin.

Development of drug delivery systems has emerged out as significant field in medicinal chemistry because of their localized action, low frequency of drug administration and sustained release of drug at the site of action for a prolonged time. Out of various reported methods, in the present work, we report use of five different polysaccharides for the development of sustained release systems for curcumin, utilizing a surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Four of these were novel systems and were first optimized. Sustained release of optimized supports was studied by anti-oxidant, serum protein binding and anti-cathepsin activities. Particle size, FT-IR and SEM were used to characterize the modified supports. CTAB-modified-NCCS, -pectin-15 and Alg-5 were found to be the best supports as they released appreciable amount of curcumin for a longer time. The results have also been interpreted using chemical modeling studies.

Nano-crystalline cellulose: Preparation, modification and usage as sustained release drug delivery excipient for some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Nano crystalline cellulose (NCC) has gained attention in the pharmaceutical industry owing to its biodegradable nature and high mechanical properties. In the present work we reported preparation of NCC from cellulose isolated from a bio-waste, its modification and exploration as drug delivery excipient for sustained release of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Cellulose extracted from Citrus limetta albedo was subjected to alkali treatment, bleaching and hydrolysis by sulfuric acid to obtain NCC of particle size ranging from 1 to 10 nm. Further, modification with a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) resulted in NCC-CTAB with enhanced surface area and high aspect ratio which was investigated as sustained release drug delivery system (DDS) for NSAID. Drug loading capacity correlated well with log P value of NSAID. NSAID-loaded NCC-CTAB acted as sustained release DDS over a period of 3hr. The results were confirmed as serum protein protecting and anti-cathepsins activities. CTAB-NSAID interactions have been assessed using CHEM3D.