Statherin and alpha-amylase levels in saliva from patients with gingivitis and periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: Salivary statherin and alpha-amylase play significant roles in biofilm formation and pathogenic bacteria adhesion. Examination of these proteins may provide information on their roles in periodontal diseases. The present study was based on the hypothesis that; the salivary proteins -statherin and alpha-amylase- effective on biofilm formation, may play important roles in the etiology of periodontal disease. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the differences in periodontal diseases compared to periodontal health in order to search their roles in periodontal disease. METHODS: Patients with gingivitis (n = 26) and periodontitis (n = 20), and periodontally healthy individuals (n = 21) were included in this study. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were obtained from a total of 67 individuals. Salivary statherin level and alpha-amylase activity were determined using ELISA and enzymatic methods, respectively. RESULTS: Statherin levels in saliva were significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the gingivitis group (p = 0.014), while alpha-amylase activities and total protein levels were slightly higher in the periodontitis and gingivitis groups compared to controls, without significant differences among the groups (p = 0.295 and p = 0.019, respectively). Statherin levels showed positive correlations with gingival and plaque indices in the disease groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that statherin level in saliva increase to provide a protective effect against periodontitis, and higher salivary statherin level is related to the degree of gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation.

Evaluation of GCF IL-17, IL-10, TWEAK, and sclerostin levels after scaling and root planing and adjunctive use of diode laser application in patients with periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) and also determine the biochemical profile by evaluating the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), and sclerostin. METHODS: A total of 40 systemically healthy, patients with Stage III periodontitis were included in this randomized controlled study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups as SRP + diode laser (L) (0.80W power, 940 nm wavelength and 0.80J/s energy level) and only SRP group. Recording of periodontal parameters and collecting GCF samples were performed at baseline, first and 3rd months. Biomarker levels in GCF were measured with ELISA RESULTS: At baseline, no significant difference was detected between groups in terms of both clinical and biochemical parameters. All biochemical parameters (except for IL-10 in control group), presented a statistically significant difference for 3 months study period in both groups. When laser and control groups were compared, significant differences were not observed, except the lower GCF IL-17 levels (P = 0.025), bleeding on probing (P = 0.028), and clinical attachment level (CAL) (P = 0.0002) values in laser group at third, first, and third months, respectively. Statistically significant correlations were also noted between biochemical parameters and clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The GCF IL-17, TWEAK, and sclerostin levels may be useful for monitoring response to SRP+L therapy. However, long-term studies on higher populations are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of adjunctive use of diode laser application to SRP.