[Thoracic computed tomography after surgical interventions on the lung]. / Komp'iuternaia tomografiia organov grudnoi kletki posle khirurgicheskikh vmeshatel'stv na legkikh.

The paper based on the analysis of computed tomographic data in 40 patients again underlines the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis of thoracic changes in the postoperative period. It shows that CT can provide information on thoracic organs and parts and presents the tomographic pattern of a postoperative uncomplicated period.

[Postoperative computerized tomography of thoracic organs in lung cancer patients]. / Komp'iuternaia tomografiia organov grudnoi kletki posle khirurgicheskikh vmeshatel'stv pri rake lëgkogo.

The report discusses the data on the complex radiation examination of 40 lung cancer patients at different stages of postoperative follow-up. Standard X-ray procedures and CT of thoracic organs were carried out. Considerable advantages offered by CT were recorded in the assessment of the pleural cavity, the remaining part of the lung and mediastinal organs. CT evidence played an important role in making differential diagnosis of relapse and other postoperative changes.

[Radiation diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar cancer]. / Luchevaia diagnostika bronkhioloal'veoliarnogo raka.

The paper analyzes the results of examination of 260 patients with bronchioloalveolar cancer (BAC) who were followed up at the Russian Research Center of Radiology and Roentgenology for 30 years. It provides its clinical, X-ray, and morphological manifestations and classification and the methodological aspects of differential diagnosis. An optimum radiation diagnosis programme has been drawn up, which involves currently available procedures, including computed tomography. The morphological forms of BAC are given in detail.

[Computerized tomography of solitary lung metastasis]. / Komp'iuternaia tomografiia pri solitarnykh metastazakh v lëgkikh.

Experience has pointed to a rather low potential of traditional procedures of roentgenography and tomography in detecting small foci (ca. 4-5 cm in dia.). Metastases are often not seen in the shadow of the ribs, diaphragm and cardio-vascular complex. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a method of choice for early diagnosis and further tracking tumor process in the lung. Superior spatial resolution offers complete summation-free visualization of the lung parenchyma. Provision of more data, including information on "occult" pathology in the lung, is instrumental in confirming or rejecting diagnosis of solitary tumor.

[Complex radiation diagnosis of solitary metastases in the lung]. / Kompleksnaia luchevaia diagnostika solitarnykh metastazov v legkikh.

Analyzing about 1000 cases of metastatic lesion of the lung indicated that the incidence of metastases was 12.9% (117 patients). Computed tomography (CT) enhances the informative value of X-ray studies in solitary metastases. CT detects tumor nodes invisible on routine X-ray films due to their small sizes (up to 1.0 cm) or location in the areas undetectable by other studies (behind the first rib, clavicle, in the posterior phrenicocostal sinus, behind the heart shadow). The sensitivity and accuracy of CT as to small solitary metastatic lymphs in the lung were 97.4 and 89.4%, respectively, which were higher than those of X-ray study (60.0 and 55.3%) and longitudinal tomography (80.0 and 68.0%) at a virtually equal specificity in the three types of studies. The high diagnostic value of a complex radiation study, including CT, and its simplicity make it possible to identify solitary metastatic formations, which is of great importance in choosing adequate but less aggressive treatment.

[Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma of the lung]. / Bronkhioloal'veoliarnyi rak legkogo.

283 cases of bronchiolo-alveolar lung carcinoma (BALC) are studied and clinico-roentgenologic forms are compared with morphological variants. Structural features of BALC with and without mucus production as well as those of the undifferentiated variants are described.

[Diagnostic value of ultrasonographic evaluation of thoracic and cervical organs in lymphogranulomatosis and lymphosarcoma]. / Diagnosticheskie vozmozhnosti ultrazvukovogo issledovaniia organov grudnoi kletki i shei pri limfogranulematoze i limfosarkome.

Examinations of 65 patients with Hodgkin's disease (n = 61) and with non-Hodgkin's (n = 4) by x-ray method, computer-aided tomography, and sonography were carried out and the potentialities of sonography in detection of the lymph node lesions in lymph collectors above the level of the diaphragm analyzed. Sonography helped detect signs of envolopment of small palpated and nonpalpated lymph nodes, differentiate individual nodes, conglomerations, specify the volume an localization of changes in the mediastinal lymph nodes and in the adjacent anatomical structures, and choose an approach to collection of material for morphologic examination. Ultrasonic examination is informative as a method for monitoring the treatment results and for disease recurrences during the period of postirradiation changes in the mediastinum.

[Clinico-roentgenologic diagnosis of disseminated and diffuse lung diseases]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskaia diagnostika disseminirovannykh i diffuznykh porazhenii legkikh.

The results of clinical and x-ray investigations of 398 patients with disseminated pulmonary lesions were analyzed. Two groups were identified: patients with interstitial type of lesions (101) and patients with focal type of lesions (297). Proceeding from roentgeno-morphological correlations, the authors presented specified roentgeno-semiotics of 10 nosological entities with the syndrome of pulmonary dissemination. The possibilities of optimization of differential diagnosis of disseminated pulmonary lesions were shown basing on combined (clinical, functional and roentgenological) investigation.

[Bronchoalveolar cancer (clinical, x-ray and morphologic characterization)]. / Bronkhioal'veoliarnyi rak (kliniko-rentgenomorfologicheskaia kharakteristika).

The authors presented a clinicoroentgenological picture of bronchioloalveolar cancer based on the analysis of 154 cases; 4 types of disease were defined: peripheral tumors, pseudopneumonic type tumors, multiple nodular formations, and mixed type tumors. Common features of this disease and symptomatology of each separate type were described. The most prominent features of bronchioloalveolar cancer are the absence of bronchial tree involvement and frequent presence of typical cavities with well defined outlines and "lattice" structure. The characteristic features of peripheral bronchioloalveolar cancer are slow growth rates, subpleural localization, inhomogeneous structure, and irregular outlines. The mixed type (far advanced tumors) is characterized by the combination of lobular, spheroidal and microfocal changes. Early recognition of definite types of bronchioloalveolar cancer ensures timely surgical treatment and prevents disease progression to disseminated bilateral lesions.

[Surgical treatment of tracheal diseases]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie zabolevanii trakhei.

The authors discuss different variants of resection of the trachea and adjacent organs in relation to the localization and character of the disease, the variants being used in 212 patients. Special attention is given to problems of plastic repair of the trachea defects after resection. Under analysis are specific features of the combined treatment of malignant tumors of the trachea, surgical treatment of trachea-pleural and trachea-esophageal fistulas. Complications took place in 26.4%, postoperative lethality was 10.5%.

[Differential diagnosis of central bronchial cancer and tuberculosis of the lungs]. / O differentsial'noi diagnostike tsentral'nogo raka i tuberkuloza legkikh.

Although the X-ray pattern of central cancer of upper lobular bronchus is sometimes very similar to that of tuberculosis of the lungs, a correct diagnosis can be established at a relatively early stage, if specific differences in the patterns are interpreted adequately with a due consideration of peculiarities of the clinical picture. Segment localization is of no practical value in differential diagnosis between cancer and tuberculosis of the lung. This purpose can be effectively served by bronchoscopy. A single bronchoscopy may verify diagnosis in as many as 77% of cases. Since carcinoma of upper lobular bronchus has a tendency to peribronchial growth, the results of a single bronchoscopy are inclusive in 23% and double bronchoscopy--in 10% of cases.