A prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm clinical trial design to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 90Y resin microspheres for the treatment of unresectable HCC: the DOORwaY90 (Duration Of Objective Response with arterial Ytrrium-90) study.

BACKGROUND: Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microspheres is an established locoregional treatment option for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which delivers a lethal dose of radiation to hepatic tumors, while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. DOORwaY90 is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, single arm study, designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 90Y resin microspheres as first-line treatment in patients with unresectable/unablatable HCC. It is unique in that it is the first study with resin microspheres to utilize a personalized 90Y dosimetry approach, and independent review for treatment planning and response assessment. METHODS: Eligibility criteria include unresectable/unablatable HCC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A, B1, B2, or C with a maximal single tumor diameter of ≤ 8 cm, and a sum of maximal tumor diameters of ≤ 12 cm, and at least one tumor ≥ 2 cm (long axis) per localized, modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Partition model dosimetry is used to determine the optimal dose; the target mean dose to tumor is ≥ 150 Gy. Patients are assessed at baseline and at regular intervals up until 12 months of treatment for response rates, safety, and quality of life (QoL). Post-treatment dosimetry is used to assess dose delivered to tumor and consider if retreatment is necessary. The co-primary endpoints are best objective response rate and duration of response. Secondary endpoints include grade ≥ 3 toxicity, QoL, and incidence of liver resection and transplantation post SIRT. Target recruitment is 100 patients. DISCUSSION: The results of this trial should provide further information on the potential use of SIRT with 90Y resin microspheres as first-line therapy for unresectable HCC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04736121; date of 1st registration, January 27, 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04736121 .

De plantas y hombre: cómo los genetistas se vincularon a la eugenesia en Brasil (un estudio de caso 1929-1933) / Of plants and men: how geneticists were linked to eugenics in Brazil (1929-1933)

En el presente artículo pretendemos reflexionar sobre la trayectoria de Octávio Domingues (1897-1972) y Salvador Toledo Piza Jr. (1898-1988), dos genetistas de una escuela agrícola del Estado de São Paulo que se vincularon al principal propagador de la eugenesia en Brasil, Renato Kehl (1889-1974). Ese acercamiento se concretó en su asociación alrededor de la publicación del Boletim de Eugenia, importante vehículo de divulgación del movimiento eugenésico entre los años 1929 y 1933. A partir del análisis de esa publicación periódica, ha sido posible detectar que, aunque los dos partían de la teoría mendeliana de la herencia, Toledo Piza Jr. consideraba el mestizaje de la población brasileña como algo que iba en contra de la naturaleza, mientras que Octávio Domingues la juzgaba saludable (AU)

The aim of this article is to analyse the trajectory of Octávio Domingues (1897-1972) and Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr. (1898-1988), two geneticists in the Agricultural School of São Paulo State, who engaged with the main propagandist for the eugenics in Brazil, Renato Kehl (1889-1974). This approach is embodied in its association surrounding the publication of the Boletim de Eugenia, an important vehicle for the dissemination of the eugenics movement between the years 1929 and 1933. From the analysis of this journal, it was possible to detect that even sharing both Mendelian theory of heredity, Toledo Piza Jr. considered miscegenation of the Brazilian population as something against nature, while Octávio Domingues judged it healthy (AU)

Viva Mulher: constructing a cervical cancer control program in Brazil.

Through a number of isolated initiatives that began in the 1960s, Brazil accumulated knowledge and experience that in the late 1990s culminated in the implementation of the first nationwide public health action meant to coordinate health bodies and personnel from the federal, state, and municipal administrative levels to address a chronic degenerative disease. The main goal of this article is to analyze the process of construction of this public policy for cancer control in Brazil--more specifically, organized screening for the control of cervical cancer in the form of the Viva Mulher program. Our analytical approach relies on elements from the history of public policy and from the history of institutions, combining the use of documental sources, scientific literature, and interviews with managers involved in the process under study. Our analysis endeavors to show how and to what extent this national process incorporated the experiences of local projects and responded both to pressure from the social movement and to the country's political environment. It further shows how the new context, shaped by changes in the organization of the Brazilian health system, influenced this process.

Viva Mulher: Constructing a cervical cancer control program in Brazil

Through a number of isolated initiatives that began in the 1960s, Brazil accumulated knowledge and experience that in the late 1990s culminated in the implementation of the first nationwide public health action meant to coordinate health bodies and personnel from the federal, state, and municipal administrative levels to address a chronic degenerative disease. The main goal of this article is to analyze the process of construction of this public policy for cancer control in Brazil —more specifically, organized screening for the control of cervical cancer in the form of the Viva Mulher program. Our analytical approach relies on elements from the history of public policy and from the history of institutions, combining the use of documental sources, scientific literature, and interviews with managers involved in the process under study. Our analysis endeavors to show how and to what extent this national process incorporated the experiences of local projects and responded both to pressure from the social movement and to the country’s political environment. It further shows how the new context, shaped by changes in the organization of the Brazilian health system, influenced this process (AU)

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Viva Mulher: constructing a cervical cancer control program in Brazil

Through a number of isolated initiatives that began in the 1960s, Brazil accumulatedknowledge and experience that in the late 1990s culminated in the implementation of the firstnationwide public health action meant to coordinate health bodies and personnel from thefederal, state, and municipal administrative levels to address a chronic degenerative disease.The main goal of this article is to analyze the process of construction of this public policy forcancer control in Brazil —more specifically, organized screening for the control of cervicalcancer in the form of the Viva Mulher program. Our analytical approach relies on elementsfrom the history of public policy and from the history of institutions, combining the use ofdocumental sources, scientific literature, and interviews with managers involved in the processunder study. Our analysis endeavors to show how and to what extent this national processincorporated the experiences of local projects and responded both to pressure from the socialmovement and to the country’s political environment. It further shows how the new context,shaped by changes in the organization of the Brazilian health system, influenced this process. (AU)

Políticas públicas de controle de câncer no Brasil: elementos de uma trajetória / Public policies for cancer control in Brazil: elements of a trajectory

O artigo aborda a trajetória das políticas públicas para o controle do câncer no País entre os anos 1940 e o final dos anos 1980. Discute a criação do Serviço Nacional de Câncer, em 1942, seu perfil inicial e as questões que nortearam sua trajetória. Analisa as ações estatais contra a doença nos anos 1960 e a criação do Programa Nacional de Controle do Câncer, em 1974. A partir de uma perspectiva histórica, baseada na análise de documentos institucionais e de bibliografia especializada, buscou-se demonstrar a relação entre ampliação das políticas públicas nesta área, o desenvolvimento de uma nova comunidade médica ? os cancerologistas ? e as transformações sociopolíticas e econômicas ocorridas no País.

The article discusses the construction of public policies for cancer control in Brazil from the 1940s to the late 1980s. It examines the process that led to the creation of the National Cancer Service in 1942, the agency's initial paths and the issues that have guided its trajectory. It analyzes the state actions against the disease in the 1960s and the creation of the National Cancer Control Program, in 1974. From a historical perspective, based on analysis of institutional documents and relevant literature, the authors show the relation between the expansion of public policies in this area, the development of a new medical community ­ the oncologists ­ and sociopolitical and economic transformations in Brazil

Políticas públicas de controle de câncer no Brasil: elementos de uma trajetória / Public policies for cancer control in Brazil: elements of a trajectory

O artigo aborda a trajetória das políticas públicas para o controle do câncer no País entre os anos 1940 e o final dos anos 1980. Discute a criação do Serviço Nacional de Câncer, em 1942, seu perfil inicial e as questões que nortearam sua trajetória. Analisa as ações estatais contra a doença nos anos 1960 e a criação do Programa Nacional de Controle do Câncer, em 1974. A partir de uma perspectiva histórica, baseada na análise de documentos institucionais e de bibliografia especializada, buscou-se demonstrar a relação entre ampliação das políticas públicas nesta área, o desenvolvimento de uma nova comunidade médica — os cancerologistas — e as transformações sociopolíticas e econômicas ocorridas no País. (AU)

MR imaging of urgent inflammatory and infectious conditions affecting the soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system.

Soft tissue infections and inflammatory conditions of the musculoskeletal system are a group of disorders commonly seen by emergency room physicians and radiologists. Many of these entities can either be limb- or life-threatening. Magnetic resonance imaging is currently the best imaging modality to evaluate these conditions. In this review, the characteristic imaging findings of cellulitis, abscess formation, necrotizing fasciitis, pyomyositis, diabetic ischemic infarction, acute and exertional compartment syndromes, and rhabdomyolysis will be emphasized as well as imaging factors that can help to differentiate these disorders.

Saneamiento, eugenesia y literatura: los caminos entrecruzados de Renato Kehl y Monteiro Lobato: 1914-1926 / Sanitation, eugenics and literature: the roads intercrossed of Renato Kehl and Monteiro Lobato: 1914-1926

Trata sobre la eugenesia en América Latina y las relaciones institucionales entre Brasil y otros países del continente.

Saneamiento, eugenesia y literatura: los caminos entrecruzados de Renato Kehl y Monteiro Lobato (1914-1926) / Sanitation, eugenics and literature: the roads intercrossed of Renato Kehl and Monteiro Lobato (1914-1926)

Trata sobre la eugenesia en América Latina y las relaciones institucionales entre Brasil y otros países del continente. (AU)

Normal MR imaging anatomy of the wrist and hand.

MR imaging is widely used in the evaluation of internal derangement of joints. In the past, the use of hand and wrist MR imaging lagged behind imaging of larger joints,largely because of technical limitations of spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio when imaging the small anatomic structures. However, with recent technical advances in extremity coil design, MR imaging has provided us with new insights into the difficult anatomy of the wrist by allowing improved visualization of the relationship of the muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bone. Although the limits of spatial resolution afforded by specialized surface coils and signal processing methods may not have yet been completely realized at 1.5 Tesla, the potential for significant improvements in hand and wrist imaging is likely to rest with the advent of higher strength magnets.

Common injuries related to weightlifting: MR imaging perspective.

Weightlifting has evolved to become a ubiquitous form of exercise. Resistance training has been shown to have beneficial effects on both muscle and osseous maintenance and development. Competitive weightlifting sports continue to enjoy tremendous popularity, with participants striving to establish new standards in performance and more demanding personal goals. Thus, it is not surprising that we have also seen an increase in injuries related to weightlifting. Many of these injuries are radiographically occult and are best suited for evaluation by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging because many involve the soft tissues. In this article, we discuss some of the factors that contribute to these injuries and address the mechanisms of injury and the MR imaging manifestations of the more common injuries.

Anterior chest pain: musculoskeletal considerations.

The clinical symptom of anterior chest pain generally elicits a long list of diagnoses. When cardiac and pleural conditions are excluded, conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system become important considerations. Many of these conditions have characteristic imaging features that allow accurate diagnosis. In others, the imaging findings can be instrumental in directing the appropriate course of action. This article reviews the imaging features of a number of musculoskeletal entities that present with anterior chest pain including traumatic, rheumatologic, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic conditions.

Normal MR imaging anatomy of the wrist and hand.

MR imaging is widely used in the evaluation of internal derangement of joints. In the past, the use of hand and wrist MR imaging lagged behind imaging of larger joints, largely because of technical limitations of spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio when imaging the small anatomic structures. However, with recent technical advances in extremity coil design, MR imaging has provided us with new insights into the difficult anatomy of the wrist by allowing improved visualization of the relationship of the muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bone. Although the limits of spatial resolution afforded by specialized surface coils and signal processing methods may not have yet been completely realized at 1.5 Tesla, the potential for significant improvements in hand and wrist imaging is likely to rest with the advent of higher strength magnets.

Osteoprotegerin abrogates chronic alcohol ingestion-induced bone loss in mice.

To investigate the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) on alcohol (ethanol)-mediated osteoporosis, we measured a variety of bone remodeling parameters in mice that were either on a control diet, an ethanol (5%) diet, or an ethanol (5%) diet plus OPG administration. OPG diminished the ethanol-induced (1) decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) as determined by dual-energy densitometry, (2) decrease in cancellous bone volume and trabecular width and the increase of osteoclast surface as determined by histomorphometry of the femur, (3) increase in urinary deoxypyridinolines (Dpd's) as determined by ELISA, and (4) increase in colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) formation and osteoclastogenesis as determined by ex vivo bone marrow cell cultures. Additionally, OPG diminished the ethanol-induced decrease of several osteoblastic parameters including osteoblast formation and osteoblast culture calcium retention. These findings were supported by histomorphometric indices in the distal femur. Taken together, these data show that OPG diminishes ethanol-induced bone loss. Furthermore, they suggest that OPG achieves this through its ability to abrogate ethanol-induced promotion of osteoclastogenesis and promote osteoblast proliferation.