Facial necrotising fasciitis following rhytidectomy.

Rhytidectomy is the most common surgical procedure used to rejuvenate the appearance of the aging face and neck. Necrotising fasciitis is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening, bacterial infection of the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, and the fascia. We report a case of necrotising fasciitis of the face caused by a group A streptococcal infection after rhytidectomy on a healthy female patient. An abscess on her hand that had been caused by an infection related to a venous catheter had provided a potential entry for the pathogen, and treatment combined both surgical debridement and antibiotics. The operation had resulted in large tissue losses around the ears, which we treated by healing by second intention.

Botulinum toxin for ductal stenosis and fistulas of the main salivary glands.

This study was performed to present the authors' experience with botulinum toxin therapy for salivary stenosis and salivary fistula in terms of the procedure, dosage, effectiveness, and complications. A retrospective study of all patients treated in the maxillofacial surgery department for salivary stenosis or fistula from January 2014 to September 2018 was performed. Intraglandular injections of incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) were utilized. The frequency of relapse and the pain recorded before injection and at 3 months after each injection or fistula resolution were assessed. Swallowing dysfunction or any diffusion of toxin into the facial muscles was recorded. This study included 22 patients (mean age 53 years). Botulinum therapy was indicated for parotid duct stenosis in 14 patients, submandibular duct stenosis in four patients, and parotid fistula in four patients. The frequency of relapse (P = 0.0001) and pain level (P = 0.0001) decreased after botulinum therapy. The average duration of the botulinum effect was 4.50±2.00 months after the first injection. No complication was observed. Botulinum therapy with 100 IU of Xeomin proved effective at resolving salivary fistula. Botulinum therapy is an effective treatment for symptoms of salivary duct stenosis in patients for whom minimally invasive procedures have failed. Botulinum therapy can also be used for the treatment of salivary fistulas.

Facial surgery for cosmetic purposes: Practice guidelines.

OBJECTIVES: Facial surgery for cosmetic purposes aims to improve the physical appearance and self-image of normal individuals. The aim of the guidelines is to answer questions related to legislation, patient evaluation and motivations, relevance and risk assessment, patient information and patient follow-up. METHODOLOGY: Analysis and synthesis of the medical literature through research of bibliographic databases in French and English from 2000 to 2017. Research and use of guidelines from evaluation agencies and academic societies. Drafting of guidelines with indications on levels of evidence. RESULTS: 24 guidelines with levels of evidence B (scientific presumption), C (low level of evidence) or EO (expert opinion) were selected to answer the questions. Cosmetic facial surgery must be performed by certified, qualified professionals in authorized structures. It must follow certain specific rules as well as a charter and code of ethics so as to enforce the rules of practice.

Retrograde approach for parotid benign tumours: A review.

INTRODUCTION: Parotidectomy for benign tumours is usually performed after facial nerve trunk discovery through an anterograde approach (AA) of the nerve. More recently, a retrograde approach (RA) toward the facial nerve, which begins on the facial nerve branches and ends on the nerve trunk, has been described. A literature review of the RA was conducted to evaluate the RA and to compare it with AA. METHODS: A literature review was conducted for the years 1980 through 2016. Nine studies out of 216 were included, including 558 parotidectomies and 370 RA. We studied the operative time (OT), the postoperative complications including facial paralysis (FP), tumour recurrences, and possibilities for reoperation. RESULTS: Operative time was shorter in RA than in AA. Transitory FP significantly less frequent in RA than in AA in only one studies and not significantly in four studies. Incidence of Frey syndrome was similar in RA and AA. Tumour relapses were reported in 1.8% of cases with RA, comparable to AA. CONCLUSION: Retrograde parotidectomy is recommendable. OT was significantly shorter for the RA. The FP rate was lower for RA than for AA, but the difference was not significant. The recurrence rate appeared to be similar between RA and AA. Possibilities of reoperation were better after RA.

Finite element analysis of the human orbit. Behavior of titanium mesh for orbital floor reconstruction in case of trauma recurrence.

INTRODUCTION: The authors' main purpose was to simulate the behavior of a titanium mesh implant (TMI) used to reconstruct the orbital floor under the stress of a blunt trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The orbital floor of a previously validated finite element model (FEM) of the human orbit was numerically fractured and reconstructed by a simplified TMI. Data from a CT scan of the head were computed with MICMICS (Materialise, Louvain, Belgium) software to re-create the skull's geometry. The meshing production, the model's properties management and the simulations of blunt traumas of the orbit were conducted on HYPERWORKS® software (Altair Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA). Some of the elements of the orbital floor were selected and removed to model the fracture; these elements were duplicated, their characteristics being changed by those of titanium to create a TMI covering this fracture. A 3D FEM composed of 640,000 elements was used to perform 21 blunt trauma simulations on the reconstructed orbit. RESULTS: In 90.4% (19/21) of the tests conducted, the TMI, whether free from any bony attachment or screwed to the orbital rim, has tended to move in the orbit and/or to deform. DISCUSSION: In the event of traumatic recurrence, which is not rare, TMIs may deform in a "blow-in" motion and threaten intra-orbital structures.

Necrotizing sialometaplasia of the parotid gland associated with facial nerve paralysis.

INTRODUCTION: Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign inflammatory lesion involving most frequently the minor salivary gland of the hard palate. Involvement of the parotid gland is rare, involvement of the parotid gland associated with facial palsy is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old male patient with Marfan syndrome presented with swelling and inflammation of the left parotid gland associated with progressively complete facial nerve paralysis. CT scan and MRI showed a parotid collection with hyper signal of the nearest tissues associated with erosion of the styloid process. A malignant tumor was suspected. The histological examination of a biopsy showed a lobulocentric process with necrosis, squamous metaplasia, and inflammation. The immunohistochemical examination supported a final diagnosis of necrotizing sialometaplasia. DISCUSSION: Necrotizing sialometaplasia of the parotid gland associated with facial nerve paralysis presents like a malignant neoplasm, both clinically and histologically. Only advanced immunohistochemical examination can really confirm the diagnosis.

[Damage control applied to severe maxillofacial trauma]. / Damage control appliqué aux traumatismes maxillofaciaux graves.

Damage control is defined by the extreme emergency implementation of a first resuscitation and surgical step, during which there is no attempt at repairing lesions but only at restoring adequate physiological function. In recent years, "damage control" has considerably improved the management of polytrauma patients, especially in war surgery. Respiratory distress or hemorrhagic shock requirements are critical maxillofacial emergencies. We present the specificities of "damage control" management for patients with severe maxillofacial trauma. Some clinical and biological criteria have been defined to choose "damage control" strategy, in patients presenting with life-threatening facial hemorrhage after facial trauma. A rapid initial stage restores vital functions. Airways are maintained and secured: oro-tracheal intubation, cricothyroidotomy, surgical tracheotomy. Facial bleeding is controlled with various means: oronasal packing, angiographic embolization, selective ligation then external carotid artery if necessary. The resuscitation step stabilizes the lethal triad: hypothermia, coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis. The second step that comes in later is a surgical repair of facial injuries. "Damage control" can be adequately applied to the management of patients with severe maxillofacial trauma.

Trigeminal neuralgia: a new therapy?

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare form of neuropathic pain that results in sudden, unilateral and recurrent pains in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. The aetiology of TN remains unclear and several theories have been proposed. Many medical and surgical methods have been applied with only partial effectiveness and several side effects. New hypotheses and therapeutic methods are urgently needed. Using evidence presented in a literature review and in our own case report, we hypothesize that pain resulting from trigeminal neuralgia can be caused by demyelinating lesions in the trigger zone. These lesions can be repaired through the injection of fat containing Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSC).

[Micro-re-injection of autologous fat]. / Micro ré-injection de tissus graisseux autologue.

INTRODUCTION: Autologous fat graft has become the gold-standard defect filling technique. "Lipostructure(©)" was described by Colman in 1994. It is perfectly codified and gives excellent results. The filling of superficial skin layers with the routine technique is difficult. It can be performed with a new technique developed by G. Magalon called micro-re-injection of autologous fat. TECHNIQUE: The adipose tissue is harvested without any incision, using a specific 2 mm cannula. The harvested fat tissue is centrifuged according to Coleman's recommendations. Re-injection of purified fat is performed with 0.8 mm specific cannulas, without any incision. 500-micron grafts are injected in multiple layers in the subdermal stratum. DISCUSSION: This autologous fat graft respects Coleman's procedure principles and preserves the histological structure. This technique is well adapted for facial defects, especially for the lips. It is more precise because the fat deposits are thinner. It does not require any skin incision. It proved to be less painful for our patients, and there was less postoperative edema than with the reference technique. Micro re-injection broadens the indications of autologous fat tissue graft in the fields of plastic (lip, eyelids) and reconstructive (retractile scar) surgery.

[Lifting of the oval face--LOV: technical note]. / Lifting de l'ovale du visage--LOV: note technique.

OBJECTIVE: The authors describe a rejuvenation surgical technic of cervical area ptosis. It is called LOV for "Lifting of the Oval of Visage". LOV is realised under local anaesthesia, lasts about 40 minutes. In this study, post-operative results are evaluated after one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: retrospective study with anonymous questionnaire measuring patient's satisfaction, operated between january 2011 and december 2011, by the same surgeon in the department. RESULTS: 43/45 questionnaires were analyzed, 40 females (93%) and 3 males (7%). Average age was 56 years, with a range of 51 years to 66 years. Our satisfaction ratings values after surgery were: very good: 32 (74.4%), good: 8 (18.6%), intermediate: 2 (4.6%), unsatisfied: 1 (2.3%), will not undergo LOV again: 1 (2.3%), would not recommend LOV to a friend: 2 (4.6%), recommend LOV to a friend: 37 (86%). The only complication (2.3%) was an unilateral hypoesthesia earlobe. CONCLUSION: LOV is simple and effective. It is a surgical alternative in the treatment of cervical area ptosis. Performed under local anesthesia, this short procedure responds to complaints of patients: safe rejuvenation and natural looking. Since 2008, LOV is performed in our department. Recruitment is most often "word of mouth", as confirmed by 86% of patients who would "recommend it to a friend". In cosmetic procedure, we should always keep in mind "a good result is measured to good patient satisfaction".

[Radiotherapy of maxillary sinus carcinoma: state of art]. / Radiothérapie des carcinomes des sinus maxillaires: l'état de l'art.

Maxillary sinus carcinomas are rare malignancies of the face, characterized by high local relapsing rate. Modalities of treatment are without consensus and respective roles of radiation therapy and surgery remain controversial. As those malignancies are often diagnosed at locally advanced stage, radiation therapy may frequently be used for patients having unresectable advanced disease. Nevertheless, surgery remains treatment of choice for more localized malignancies, in association with systematic postoperative radiotherapy. For those patients whose prognosis remains pejorative, it is necessary to precise the role of radiotherapy in first intention for inoperable tumors, to define necessity for nodal treatment performing and evaluate the place of neoadjuvant or concomitant chemotherapy in a multimodal strategy.

[Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect of the mandible. A little documented pathology]. / Foyers d'hématopoïèse intramandibulaire. Une pathologie méconnue.

INTRODUCTION: Focal hematopoietic bone marrow defect of the mandible is a little documented benign jaw lesion. It is usually diagnosed fortuitously by orthopantomography. OBSERVATION: A 48-year-old woman was referred by her dentist for radiolucency of the molar mandibular region. This could be observed on the panoramic view as an osteoporotic lesion, located in the molar region and not well delimited. The CT scan confirmed the fact that the lesion did not affect the corticals. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect of the mandible. DISCUSSION: These lesions have been described for more than 70 years. These benign lesions, often discovered fortuitously, mainly affect women between 40 and 60 years of age. They are mostly located in the "molar area" where tooth avulsion was previously performed, and share the same clinical and radiographic features. Nevertheless, surgical biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

Extended versus local fluctuations in quantum critical Ce(Ru1-xFex)2Ge2 (x=xc=0.76).

We present inelastic neutron scattering experiments, performed near the antiferromagnetic quantum critical point in Ce(Ru0.24Fe0.76)2Ge2. Both local and long-range fluctuations of the local moments are observed, but due to the Kondo effect only the latter are critical. We propose a phenomenological expression which fits the energy E, temperature T, and wave vector q dependences of the dynamic susceptibility, describing the non-Fermi liquid E/T scaling found at every q.