Digital biomarkers for precision diagnosis and monitoring in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with high prevalence among the elderly, primarily manifested by progressive decline in motor function. The aging global demographic and increased life expectancy have led to a rapid surge in PD cases, imposing a significant societal burden. PD along with other neurodegenerative diseases has garnered increasing attention from the scientific community. In PD, motor symptoms are recognized when approximately 60% of dopaminergic neurons have been damaged. The irreversible feature of PD and benefits of early intervention underscore the importance of disease onset prediction and prompt diagnosis. The advent of digital health technology in recent years has elevated the role of digital biomarkers in precisely and sensitively detecting early PD clinical symptoms, evaluating treatment effectiveness, and guiding clinical medication, focusing especially on motor function, responsiveness and sleep quality assessments. This review examines prevalent digital biomarkers for PD and highlights the latest advancements.

Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson's disease by Cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) utilizing prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization. The dataset contained a substantial cohort of 426,911 participants from the UK Biobank, discussing the association between IBS and PD with Cox proportional hazards models and case-control analysis while adjusting for covariates such as age, gender, ethnicity and education level. In univariate Cox regression model, the risk of PD was reduced in IBS patients (HR: 0.774, 95%CI: 0.625-0.956, P = 0.017), but the statistical significance diminished in the three models after adjusting for other variables. In a few subgroup analyses, IBS patients are less likely to develop into PD, and patients diagnosed with IBS after 2000 also had a lower risk (HR: 0.633, 95%CI: 0.403-0.994, P = 0.047) of subsequently developing PD. In addition, we matched five healthy control participants based on gender and age at the end of the study for each IBS patient diagnosed during the follow-up period, and logistic regression results (OR:1.239, 95%CI: 0.896-1.680, P = 0.181) showed that IBS was not associated with the risk of PD. Mendelian randomization did not find significant evidence of the causal relationship between IBS and Parkinson's disease (OR: 0.801, 95%CI: 0.570-1.278, P = 0.204). Overall, we suggest that IBS status is not associated with the risk of developing PD, and that these findings provide valuable insights into the clinical management and resource allocation of patients with IBS.