RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cry1Ab has emerged as a bio-insecticide to control Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). However, the sublethal effects of Cry1Ab on the physiological changes and molecular level of S. litura have not been well documented. Our aims in this study were to assess the sublethal effect of Cry1Ab on S. litura, including midgut and Malpighian tubules as targets. RESULTS: After sublethal Cry1Ab exposure, distinct histological alterations were mainly observed in the midgut. Furthermore, the results of comparative RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag-based proteomics showed that, in the midgut, most differential expression genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and significantly enriched in the serine protease activity pathway, and up-regulated differential expression proteins (DEPs) were mainly associated with the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, whereas the down-regulated involved in the ribosome pathways. In the Malpighian tubules, DEGs and DEPs were significantly enriched in the ribosome pathway. We proposed that ribosome may act as a universal target in energy metabolism with other pathways via the results of protein-protein interaction analysis. Further, by verification of the mRNA expression of some Cry protein receptor and detoxification genes after Cry1Ab treatment, it was suggested that the ribosomal proteins (RPs) possibly participate in influencing the Bt-resistance of S. litura larvae under sublethal Cry1Ab exposure. CONCLUSION: Under sublethal Cry1Ab exposure, the midgut of S. litura was damaged, and the proteotranscriptomic analysis elucidated that Cry1Ab disrupted the energy homeostasis of larvae. Furthermore, we emphasized the potential role of ribosomes in sublethal Cry1Ab exposure. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Endotoxinas , Proteínas Hemolisinas , Larva , Túbulos de Malpighi , Spodoptera , Animales , Spodoptera/efectos de los fármacos , Spodoptera/genética , Spodoptera/metabolismo , Spodoptera/crecimiento & desarrollo , Túbulos de Malpighi/efectos de los fármacos , Túbulos de Malpighi/metabolismo , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/genética , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Transcriptoma , Tracto Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Proteoma , Proteómica , Sistema Digestivo/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Digestivo/metabolismoRESUMEN
We predicted peculiar ghost surface phonon polaritons in biaxially hyperbolic materials, where the two hyperbolic principal axes lie in the plane of propagation. We took the biaxially-hyperbolic α-MoO3 as one example of the materials to numerically simulate the ghost surface phonon polaritons. We found three unique ghost surface polaritons to appear in three enclosed wavenumber-frequency regions, respectively. These ghost surface phonon polaritons have different features from the surface phonon polaritons found previously, i.e., they are some hybrid-polarization surface waves composed of two coherent evanescent branch-waves in the α-MoO3 crystal. The interference of branch-waves leads to that their Poynting vector and electromagnetic fields both exhibit the oscillation-attenuation behavior along the surface normal, or a series of rapidly attenuated fringes. We found that the in-plane hyperbolic anisotropy and low-symmetric geometry of surface are the two necessary conditions for the existence of these ghost surface polaritons.
