circSLC4A7 accelerates stemness and progression of gastric cancer by interacting with HSP90 to activate NOTCH1 signaling pathway.

Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play critical roles in gastric cancer (GC) initiation and development. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in diverse cancer biological processes and function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. This study aims to discover the expression profile and functional roles of circRNAs in GCSCs. A spheroid formation assay was conducted to enrich GCSCs. Genome-wide sequencing of circRNAs showed that a novel circRNA, circSLC4A7, was one of the most upregulated circRNAs in GCSCs. CircSLC4A7 was localized to the nucleus, and its level was elevated in GC cells and tissues. Furthermore, circSLC4A7 increased CSC-like properties and drove cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which were determined by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Specific circRNA pull-down assays followed by mass spectrometry analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence assay were conducted and HSP90 was detected to interact with circSLC4A7 and mediate the oncogenic function of circSLC4A7 by activating the Notch1 signaling pathway in GC. This study highlights a novel oncogenic function of circSLC4A7 mediated by its binding with HSP90 and thus activating the Notch1 signaling pathway.

Herbal medicines for insomnia through regulating 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors: a systematic review / 中国天然药物

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder without effective therapy and can affect a person's life. The mechanism of the disease is not completely understood. Hence, there is a need to understand the targets related to insomnia, in order to develop innovative therapies and new compounds. Recently, increasing interest has been focused on complementary and alternative medicines for treating or preventing insomnia. Research into their molecular components has revealed that their sedative and sleep-promoting properties rely on the interactions with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. In this review, the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in insomnia development is summarized, while a systematic analysis of studies is conducted to assess the mechanisms of herbal medicines on different 5-HT receptors subtypes, in order to provide reference for subsequent research.

Mechanism of epidural scar hyperplasia after laminectomy induced by blood siltation / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of epidural scar tissue hyperplasia induced by erythrocyte rupture and release of interleukin-33 (IL-33) after laminectomy in mice.Methods:In the zoological experiment, the operation group (Laminectomy) and the sham operation group were set, and HE staining and Masson staining were performed to test for blood accumulation in the operation area after laminectomy in mice. Then 12 wild-type mice with 6-8 week old were selected and divided into 4 groups: the sham operation group, the operation group (normal saline control), the pure red blood cell intervention operation group, the whole blood intervention operation group. The normal saline (100 mg/kg) was injected into the postoperative area. The red blood cells or whole blood with the same volume were injected into the postoperative area in the pure red blood cell intervention group and the whole blood intervention group. The postoperative recovery of mice in each group was observed. The levels of fibronectin in the postoperative scar tissues of mice in four groups were detected by western blot technology, and the degree of postoperative epidural scar hyperplasia was directly observed by immunohistochemistry. In the cytological experiment, the wild-type mouse erythrocyte normal saline group, the control group of IL-33 knockout mouse erythrocyte normal saline, the wild-type mouse erythrocyte lysis group, and the IL-33 knockout mouse erythrocyte lysis group were set. The levels of IL-33 in the red blood cells of four groups were detected by western blot. Then, a blank wild-type mouse erythrocyte control group, a wild-type mouse relative to the control group (only secondary antibody added to test for non-specific binding), a wild-type mouse erythrocyte group and an IL-33 knockout mouse erythrocyte group (to test for antigen specificity of the primary antibody) were set. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on the erythrocytes of four groups and the level of IL-33 was detected by flow cytometry.Results:HE staining and Masson staining after laminectomy showed that there was blood stasis in the local incision area of mice in the operation group. The epidural scar hyperplasia in the incision area of mice after whole blood or red blood cells intervention was higher, especially in the whole blood intervention group. IL-33 expression was almost undetectable in the wild-type erythrocyte normal saline control group, the IL-33-knockout erythrocyte normal saline control group, and the IL-33-knockout erythrocyte lysis group, while significant IL-33 expression was detectable in the wild-type erythrocyte lysis group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that IL-33 was expressed in and on the erythrocyte membrane of wild-type mice, while non-specific expression of IL-33 or a very small amount of IL-33 was almost undetectable in the other three groups. The immunofluorescence intensities of IL-33 in the four groups were 0.62±0.41, 60.17±4.39, 16.78±7.43 and 0.61±0.03, respectively ( F=281.90, P<0.001). The expression of IL-33 in the erythrocyte group of wild-type mice was the highest ( P<0.05). According to the results of flow cytometry, except for the trace amount of IL-33 detected in the wild-type mouse erythrocyte group, the expression of IL-33 in the other three groups was basically 0. The ratios of fibronectin to β-actin in the modeling area of the four groups gradually increased, and the ratios were 0.79±0.09, 1.26±0.23, 1.79±0.05 and 2.29±0.58, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=12.86, P=0.002). Fibronectin in the operation area of the three operation groups (normal saline control group, red blood cell intervention group and whole blood intervention group) was significantly higher than that of the sham operation group. The immunohistochemical staining results of fibronectin in the modeling area of the four groups were the same as those in western blot experiment. The average optical density values of fibronectin in each group were 0.09±0.01, 0.18±0.01, 0.22±0.01 and 0.24±0.01, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F= 210.7, P<0.001). Conclusion:There is indeed blood accumulation in the surgical area after laminectomy in mice, and it can aggravate the hyperplasia of epidural scar tissue. Erythrocyte is the main component in blood, and there is a large amount of IL-33 expression in the inner and outer membrane of erythrocyte membrane. The mechanism of promoting the proliferation of epidural scar tissue may be related to the release of IL-33 by erythrocyte lysis.

The clinical symptoms and neurocognitive impairment of first-episode deficit and nondeficit subtype of schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To ulteriorly explore the differences of psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive between patients with first-episode deficit subtype of schizophrenia (FDS) and patients with first-episode nondeficit subtype of schizophrenia (FNDS).Methods:From January 2021 to September 2021, a total of 88 first-episode treatment-naive schizophrenia were recruited from the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital and divided into FDS group( n=44) and FNDS group( n=44) according to the schedule for the deficit syndrome (SDS), and 44 healthy subjects were included as healthy control group (HC group, n=44). Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychotic symptoms of patients and Wechsler adult intelligence scale, trail making test and logic memory test were used to evaluate intelligence quotient and neurocognitive function of all subjects.SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis, and independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare variables that met normal distribution, while the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare variables that did not meet normal distribution. Results:(1) There were significant differences in psychotic symptoms between the FDS group and the FNDS group.Compared with the FNDS group, the FDS group had higher total score of PANSS ((95.95±16.82) vs (88.39±16.29)), negative symptoms ((27.57±7.52) vs (16.57±5.76)) and anergastic reaction ((13.43±3.82) vs (7.00(5.00, 9.00)), and lower positive symptoms scores ((21.95±6.88) vs (25.41±6.07)), activation ((8.00(5.00, 9.00) vs (9.27±3.47)), depression ((5.50(4.00, 9.00) vs (8.00(6.00, 12.00)) and supplementary item ((13.60±4.17) vs (17.30±5.39))(all P<0.05). (2) There were differences in neurocognitive functions between FDS group and FNDS group, and which in FDS and FNDS group were worse than that in HC group.Spatial memory (block design test: (23.70±11.05) vs (31.72±11.49)) and information processing speed (digit symbol test: (38.38±15.85) vs (47.97±14.99)) of FDS group were significantly lower than those of FNDS group(both P<0.05). Intelligence quotient, information processing speed and spatial memory of FDS group and FNDS group were lower than those of HC group(all P<0.05). Conclusion:FDS patients has more severe negative symptoms and anergastic reaction, and exit worse information processing speed and spatial memory dysfunction than FNDS patients.This unique pattern of impairment suggests that information processing speed and spatial memory may be important classification indicators for differentiating the deficit subtype of schizophrenia in the early stage.

Roles of pancreatic stellate cells and pancreatic cancer cells in angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer: an in vitro study / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) in the angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer.Methods:The experimental study was conducted. The human PSCs and PCCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro. HUVECs was treated with PSCs/PCCs supernatants and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor of different types and concentrations. As controls, HUVECs treated with complete endoprime medium (C/E) and DMEM/Ham's F12 medium (D/F) were set as the C/E group and the D/F group, respectively. Observation indicators: (1) proliferation of HUVECs under different conditions; (2) tube formation of HUVECs under different conditions; (3) migration of HUVECs under different conditions; (4) expression of MMP-2 in the supernatants of PSCs and PCCs; (5) effect of MMP inhibitor GM6001 on migration of HUVECs. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, comparison among groups was conducted using the one way ANOVA and comparison between groups was conducted using the LSD- t test. Results:(1) Proliferation of HUVECs under different conditions. Results of HUVECs proliferation assay using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling showed that the binding rate of EdU in the HUVECs of D/F group and HUVECs treated with supernatants of different concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, 95%) of PSCs was 12.4%±1.0%, 24.5%±2.9%, 25.3%±3.0%, 22.8%±2.0%, 22.9%±2.8%, respectively, showing a significant difference among them ( F=8.60, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the binding rate of EdU between HUVECs in the D/F group and HUVECs treated with supernatants of different concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, 95%) of PSCs, respectively ( P<0.05). The binding rate of EdU between HUVECs in the D/F group and HUVECs treated with supernatants of different concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, 95%) of PCCs was 12.4%±1.0%, 30.0%±3.2%, 32.1%±1.0%, 32.3%±3.5%, 26.2%±5.6%, respectively, showing a significant difference among them ( F=11.93, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the binding rate of EdU between HUVECs in the D/F group and HUVECs treated with supernatants of different concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, 95%) of PSCs, respectively ( P<0.05). (2) Tube formation of HUVECs under different conditions. Number of tube formation, length of tube in the HUVECs of D/F group and HUVECs treated with PSCs supernatants was 15.2±2.3, (12.1±1.5)mm and 49.7±3.2, (39.8±2.3)mm, respectively, showing significant differences between the two groups of HUVECs ( P<0.05). (3) Migration of HUVECs under different conditions. Results of single cell tracing experiment showed that the migration rate of HUVECs treated with supernatants of different ratio of PSCs and PCCs was faster than that of HUVECs in the D/F group, and the enhancement effect of supernatants of PSCs and PCCs was dose-dependent. The migration rate of HUVECs treated with mix supernatants of different concentration of PSCs and PCCs and supernatants of co-cultured PSCs and PCCs was faster than that of HUVECs in the D/F group. The migration rate of HUVECs treated supernatants of co-cultured PSCs and PCCs was faster than that of HUVECs treated with mix supernatants of different concentration of PSCs and PCCs, showing a synergistic effect in the HUVECs treated supernatants of co-cultured PSCs and PCCs. (4) Expression of MMP-2 in the supernatants of PSCs and PCCs. Results of gelatine zymography showed that the MMP-2 expression levels decreased sequentially in super-natants of co-cultured PSCs and PCCs, supernatants of PSCs, mix supernatants of PSCs and PCCs and supernatants PCCs. (5) Effect of MMP inhibitor GM6001 on migration of HUVECs. Results of single cell tracing experiment showed that the migration rate of HUVECs treated with PSCs supernatants combined with different concentration of GM6001 (0, 1, 10, 25 μmol/L) was (25.70±2.06)μm/h, (18.37±1.61)μm/h, (16.20±0.26)μm/h, (15.99±0.58)μm/h, respectively, showing a significant difference among them ( F=11.39, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the migration rate between HUVECs treated with PSCs supernatants combined with 1, 10, 25 μmol/L GM6001 and HUVECs treated with PSCs supernatants ( P<0.05). The migration rate of HUVECs treated with mix super-natants of PSCs and PCCs combined with different concentration of GM6001 (0, 1, 10, 25 μmol/L) was (30.06±3.70)μm/h, (22.76±1.56)μm/h, (23.87±2.84)μm/h, (22.10±2.35)μm/h, respectively, showing a significant difference among them ( F=4.06, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the migration rate between HUVECs treated with mix supernatants of PSCs and PCCs combined with 1, 10, 25 μmol/L GM6001 and HUVECs treated with mix supernatants of PSCs and PCCs ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Both PSCs and PCCs can promote the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro experiment. Releasing of MMP-2 by interaction between PSCs and PCCs is an important factor to stimulate endothelial cell migration, which increases the stimulating activity of angiogenesis, especially the migration ability of HUVECs.

IL-33 Promotes ST2-Dependent Fibroblast Maturation via P38 and TGF-β in a Mouse Model of Epidural Fibrosis

BACKGROUND@#Recent evidence suggests that IL-33, a novel member of the IL-1b family, is involved in organ fibrosis. However, the roles of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in epidural fibrosis post spine operation remain elusive. @*METHODS@#A mouse model of epidural fibrosis was established after laminectomy. IL-33 in the wound tissues post laminectomy was measured with Western blotting, ELISA and imaging. The fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 and primary fibroblasts were treated with IL-33 and the mechanisms of maturation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts were analyzed. To explore roles of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 In vivo, IL-33 knockout (KO) and ST2 KO mice were employed to construct the model of laminectomy. The epidural fibrosis was evaluated using H&E and Masson staining, western-blotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. @*RESULTS@#As demonstrated in western blotting and ELISA, IL-33 was increased in epidural wound tissues post laminectomy. The immunoflurosence imaging revealed that endothelial cells (CD31 + ) and fibroblasts (a-SAM +) were major producers of IL-33 in the epidural wound tissues. In vitro, IL-33 promoted fibroblast maturation, which was blocked by ST2 neutralization antibody, suggesting that IL-33-promoted-fibroblasts maturation was ST2 dependent. Further, IL-33/ ST2 activated MAPK p38 and TGF-β pathways. Either p38 inhibitor or TGF-β inhibitor decreased fibronectin and a-SAM production from IL-33-treated fibroblasts, suggesting that p38 and TGF-β were involved with IL-33/ST2 signal pathways in the fibroblasts maturation. In vivo, IL-33 KO or ST2 KO decreased fibronectin, a-SMA and collagen deposition in the wound tissues of mice that underwent spine surgery. In addition, TGF-β 1 was decreased in IL-33 KO or ST2 KO epidural wound tissues. @*CONCLUSION@#In summary, IL-33/ST2 promoted fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts via MAPK p38 and TGF-β in a mouse model of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.

Value of pressure-strain loop in evaluating the effects of thoracic paravertebral block on left ventricular function before off-pump coronary artery bypass graft / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of bilateral thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) on left ventricular myocardial work using pressure-strain loop(PSL) in patients before off-pump coronary artery bypass graft(OPCABG).Methods:A total of 24 patients with coronary heart disease undergoing selective OPCABG were recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from May to August 2021. All patients underwent ultrasound-guided TPVB preoperatively. Left ventricular global work, including global longitudinal strain(GLS), global work index(GWI), global constructive work(GCW), global waste work(GWW), global work efficiency(GWE), and regional work, including myocardial work index(MWI), myocardial work efficiency(MWE) were observed before TPVB and 20 minutes after TPVB.Results:The parameters of heart rate and left ventricular outflow tract blood flow were decreased [(69.13±10.72)bpm vs (65.46±9.66)bpm, P=0.010; (13.86±2.83)ml vs (12.72±2.60)ml, P=0.017]. The MWI in regional segments of hypokinesis and akinesis were significantly improved [hypokinesis: (1 175.76±206.64)mmHg% vs (1 349.38±462.35)mmHg%, P=0.004; akinesis: (684.94±251.39)mmHg% vs (965.35±384.33)mmHg%, P=0.001] and the MWE in regional segments of hypokinesis and akinesis were improved [hypokinesis: (87.79±7.46)% vs (90.35±6.39)%, P=0.029; akinesis: (70.24±18.03)% vs (80.15±16.65)%, P=0.021]. There were no significant changes in MWI, MWE, LVEF, GLS, GWI, GCW, GWW and GWE(all P>0.05). Conclusions:Based on PSL, the changes of left ventricular work in patients with OPCABG before and after TPVB show that TPVB can improve the blood supply of the ischemic myocardium, which provides a reliable basis for optimizing the perioperative anesthesia management.

Advances in the research between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Colorectal cancer is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Colorectal cancer has a poor prognosis, duing to the current limited treatment methods and can not achieve satisfactory treatment results. Therefore, how to diagnose colorectal cancer patients early and improve the prognosis has always been one of the problems in the medical and scientific research circles. As researchers gradually learn more about the intestinal flora including Fusobacterium nucleatum, the targeted treatment has been applied to the experimental research and clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. This paper reviews the research progress of Fusobacterium nucleatum on the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in recent years.

Assessment of foot-and-mouth disease risk areas in mainland China based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis.

BACKGROUND: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. As a transboundary animal disease, the prevention and control of FMD are important. This study was based on spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess FMD risk areas in mainland China. Ten risk factors were identified for constructing risk maps by scoring, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the criteria weights of all factors. Different risk factors had different units and attributes, and fuzzy membership was used to standardize the risk factors. The weighted linear combination (WLC) and one-at-a-time (OAT) were used to obtain risk and uncertainty maps as well as to perform sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Four major risk areas were identified in mainland China, including western (parts of Xinjiang and Tibet), southern (parts of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guangdong), northern (parts of Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia), and eastern (parts of Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong). Spring is the main season for FMD outbreaks. Risk areas were associated with the distance to previous outbreak points, grazing areas and cattle density. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the risk map had good predictive power (AUC=0.8634). CONCLUSIONS: These results can be used to delineate FMD risk areas in mainland China, and veterinary services can adopt the targeted preventive measures and control strategies.

Molecular Mechanism of the N501Y Mutation for Enhanced Binding between SARS-CoV-2's Spike Protein and Human ACE2 Receptor

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an ongoing global pandemic for over a year. Recently, an emergent SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.1.7) with an unusually large number of mutations had become highly contagious and wide-spreading in United Kingdom. From genome analysis, the N501Y mutation within the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2s spike protein might have enhanced the viral proteins binding with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). The latter is the prelude for the virus entry into host cells. So far, the molecular mechanism of this enhanced binding is still elusive, which prevents us from assessing its effects on existing therapeutic antibodies. Using all atom molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrated that Y501 in mutated RBD can be well coordinated by Y41 and K353 in hACE2 through hydrophobic interactions, increasing the overall binding affinity between RBD and hACE2 by about 0.81 kcal/mol. We further explored how the N501Y mutation might affect the binding between a neutralizing antibody (CB6) and RBD. We expect that our work can help researchers design proper measures responding to this urgent virus mutation, such as adding a modified/new neutralizing antibody specifically targeting at this variant in the therapeutic antibody cocktail. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=121 SRC="FIGDIR/small/425316v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (40K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1231e91org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@abf67dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c3a288org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e3ab52_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

Diagnosis and outcome analysis of diseases characterized by recurrent low-frequency sensorineural deafness / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features, hearing prognosis and differential diagnosis of recurrent low frequency sensorineural hearing loss （RLFD） . The clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations, audiological examination and auxiliary examination of RLFD patients were retrospectively analyzed. We summarized clinical features, draw the pure tone audiometry curves, and analyze the diagnosis of RLFD. Forty-seven patients （53 ears） with RLFD had a hearing review time of 1-124 months. The course of disease ranged from 3 to 320 months with an average course of 29 months. ①The incidence of tinnitus in the accompanying symptoms was 93.6%（44 cases）, and the ear suffocation was 83.0%（39 cases）, 38.3% （18 cases） of the patients developed vestibular symptoms during the course of the disease. ②During the observation period, 27 cases（57.4%） were diagnosed with related diseases: 7 cases（14.9%） Meniere's disease, 6 cases（12.8%） vestibular migraine, 2 cases（4.3%） with Meniere's disease and migraine, and 1 case（2.1%） with idiopathic intracranial hypotension 11 cases（23.4%） were possible cochlear migraine; ③Migraine-related RLFD had a younger onset age, more common in women; ④83.0%（44 ears）of the affected ears had stable or improved low-frequency hearing during the observation period, 17.0%（9 ears）of the affected ears experienced low-frequency hearing; ⑤18.9%（10 ears）of the affected ears had high-frequency hearing loss; ⑥RLFD had 6 types of audiological outcomes: low-frequency improvement combined with high-frequency stability; low-frequency stability combined with high-frequency stability; low frequency progress combined with high frequency stability type; low frequency improvement combined with high frequency progress type; low frequency stability combined with high frequency progress type; low frequency progress combined with high frequency progress type; ⑦Rising type hearing curve low frequency hearing prognosis is good, mountain type and descending low frequency hearing prognosis is poor. Tinnitus and ear stuffiness are the early symptoms and the most disturbing symptoms in patients with RLFD. The mechanism of Migraine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RLFD. The rare causes such as intracranial hypotension syndrome should not be ignored. Most of the patients with RLFD had stable or improved hearing after long-term fluctuation, but some patients with low or high frequency hearing might decline. The type of initial hearing curve was a prognostic factor. Long-term hearing follow-up is helpful for prognosis evaluation.

Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in 640 000 adults in eastern China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in residents aged 35-75 years in eastern China, analyze the treatment mode for antihypertensive agents while identifying those factors affecting awareness, treatment and control.@*Methods@#The data collected in eastern China from the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) Million Persons Project were used to obtain the information about the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the residents and the antihypertensive medication treatment mode in this area. Multilevel mixed-effects model was used to explore the association of the demographic characteristics of hypertension patients with the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension.@*Results@#A total of 640 539 participants aged 35-75 years, mean age (56.9±9.6) years, were included in the analysis, women accounted for 59.7% and 318 741 (49.8%) of the participants suffered from hypertension. Among those hypertensive patients, 46.5% were aware of their condition, 38.1% were taking prescribed antihypertensive medications, and 11.1% had achieved the control of hypertension, the differences were significant among provinces, between urban area and rural area and among different demographical groups. Calcium-channel blockers was the most commonly used medication (45.1%), and 78 735 hypertension patients (86.2%) took only one type of medication. Older age, higher household income, higher level of education, and histories of myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes were associated with higher awareness, treatment and control of hypertension (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were low in residents in eastern China. The differences in hypertension management were significant among provinces and between urban area and rural area. Further efforts are needed to enhance the system of hypertension prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis and outcome analysis of diseases characterized by recurrent low-frequency sensorineural deafness / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features, hearing prognosis and differential diagnosis of recurrent low frequency sensorineural hearing loss （RLFD） . @*Method@#The clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations, audiological examination and auxiliary examination of RLFD patients were retrospectively analyzed. We summarized clinical features, draw the pure tone audiometry curves, and analyze the diagnosis of RLFD. @*Result@#Forty-seven patients （53 ears） with RLFD had a hearing review time of 1-124 months. The course of disease ranged from 3 to 320 months with an average course of 29 months. ①The incidence of tinnitus in the accompanying symptoms was 93.6%（44 cases）, and the ear suffocation was 83.0%（39 cases）, 38.3% （18 cases） of the patients developed vestibular symptoms during the course of the disease. ②During the observation period, 27 cases（57.4%） were diagnosed with related diseases: 7 cases（14.9%） Meniere's disease, 6 cases（12.8%） vestibular migraine, 2 cases（4.3%） with Meniere's disease and migraine, and 1 case（2.1%） with idiopathic intracranial hypotension 11 cases（23.4%） were possible cochlear migraine; ③Migraine-related RLFD had a younger onset age, more common in women; ④83.0%（44 ears）of the affected ears had stable or improved low-frequency hearing during the observation period, 17.0%（9 ears）of the affected ears experienced low-frequency hearing; ⑤18.9%（10 ears）of the affected ears had high-frequency hearing loss; ⑥RLFD had 6 types of audiological outcomes: low-frequency improvement combined with high-frequency stability; low-frequency stability combined with high-frequency stability; low frequency progress combined with high frequency stability type; low frequency improvement combined with high frequency progress type; low frequency stability combined with high frequency progress type; low frequency progress combined with high frequency progress type; ⑦Rising type hearing curve low frequency hearing prognosis is good, mountain type and descending low frequency hearing prognosis is poor. @*Conclusion@#Tinnitus and ear stuffiness are the early symptoms and the most disturbing symptoms in patients with RLFD. The mechanism of Migraine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RLFD. The rare causes such as intracranial hypotension syndrome should not be ignored. Most of the patients with RLFD had stable or improved hearing after long-term fluctuation, but some patients with low or high frequency hearing might decline. The type of initial hearing curve was a prognostic factor. Long-term hearing follow-up is helpful for prognosis evaluation.

Establishment of a Stable Cell Line Overexpressing Human SAMHD1 Gene and Its Antiviral Activity / 中国医科大学学报

Objective A lentivirus-mediated colon cancer cell line stably overexpressing human SAMHD1 gene was constructed to observe the effect of this gene on the ability of the cells to resist herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Methods p CDH-EF1-MCS-SAMHD1-T2 A-GFP recombinant plasmid was constructed using pCDH-EF1-MCS-T2 A-copGFP lentiviral vector. After confirming successful synthesis with sequencing, the recombinant plasmid and lentivirus packaging plasmids were co-transfected into 293 T cells. The pseudovirus solution was collected and concentrated, then human colon cancer cells were infected with the concentrated solution. The cell line overexpressing SAMHD1 gene was infected with HSV-1 in contrast to the control group, and the virus infection efficiency was assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Results The pCDH-EF1-MCS-SAMHD1-T2 A-GFP recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed and verified by gene sequencing. Western blotting confirmed the overexpression of the SAMHD1 gene with higher levels of the gene in the transfected cells in contrast to control human colon cancer cell line. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that the cell line overexpressing human SAMHD1 gene could effectively inhibit the infection of HSV-1. Conclusion Lentivirus-mediated stable cell line overexpressing human SAMHD1 gene was effective in inhibiting HSV-1 replication and could help us to further investigate the function of SAMHD1.

Analysis on acupuncture and moxibustion in history / 中国针灸

school of acupuncture and moxibustion is the important component of the medicine of school, especially medical scholars. Through collecting and digging the medical books and literature of medical scholars in dynasties, the contribution to acupuncture academic development in Shandong region was introduced briefly so as to provide the references to the study on the regionalism of acupuncture school. The results showed that there was a long history of acupuncture from the Dynasty to the present and many medical scholars and medical books were sprung up. The systematic analysis on medical scholars, acupuncture works and literature as well as academic thoughts are conductive to the great-leap-forward development of school of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Effect of intermediate care on the recurrence and recurrence rate of elderly patients with cerebral infarction / 中国综合临床

Objective To observe the effect of intermediate care on recurrence factors and recurrence rate of elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Five Hundred and ninety-eight cases of acute cerebral stroke were divided into two groups,301 cases in the experimental group and 297 cases in the control group.After the acute stage,patients in the experimental group was included into the intermediate care unit.The experimental group was given comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary management,including the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment,rehabilitation training and physical therapy,medication guidance,nursing and health education.After the acute stage of the disease,the control group patients were in the general ward.The course of treatment was 2 weeks.At baseline(t0),second weeks(t1),sixth months(t2)and twelfth months(t3),the blood pressure(SBP,DBP),fasting blood-glucose(FBG),blood lipid(TC,TG,LDL),serum homocysteine(Hcy)level and the recurrence rate of cerebral infarction in all two groups were observed.Results SBP at t1,t2 and t3 was lower than that at t0 in the experimental group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).SBP in the experimental group at t2 and t3 was lower than that in the control group.There was significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(P＜0.05).DBP at t2 and t3 was lower than that at t0 in the experimental group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).DP in the experimental group at t2 and t3 was lower than that in the control group.There was significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(P＜0.05).FBG at t1((5.34±0.76)mmol/L),t2(5.86±1.05)mmol/L)and t3(5.62±0.89)mmol/L)were lower than that at t0((7.27±2.34)mmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).FBG in the experimental group at t2 and t3 were lower than that in the control group((6.85±0.92)mmol/L,(6.36±1.03)mmol/L).There was significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).TC at t1((4.86±0.85)mmol/L),t2((4.21±0.76)mmol/L)and t3((3.95±0.64)mmol/L)were lower than that at t0((5.56±1.06)mmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).TC in the experimental group at t2 and t3 was lower than that in the control group((5.06±0.93)mmol/L,(4.84±0.76)mmol/L).There was significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).TG at t3((1.48±0.26)mmol/L)was lower than that at t0((1.86±1.31)mmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).TG in the experimental group at t3 was lower than that in the control group((1.71±0.66)mmol/L).There was significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).LDL at t1((3.76±0.92)mmol/L),t2((3.09±0.62)mmol/L)and t3((2.59±0.51)mmol/L)were lower than that at t0((4.59±1.45)mmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).LDL in the experimental group at t2and t3 was lower than that in the control group((4.09±0.75)mmol/L,(4.12±0.64)mmol/L).There was significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).Hcy at t1((14.16±3.17)μmol/L),t2((10.37±2.59)μmol/L)and t3((10.10±1.86)μmol/L)were lower than that at t0((23.62±5.62)μmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Hcy in the experimental group at t2and t3 was lower than that in the control group((18.52±3.64)μmol/L,(16.37±2.75)μmol/L).There was significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).The recurrence rate of cerebral infarction within 1 years was 4.7％(14/301)and 7.1％(21/297)in the experimental group and the control group.There was a decreasing tendency,but no statistical significance(P=0.208).Conclusion The intermediate care may affect the blood pressure,FBG,blood lipids,serum Hcy levels in elderly patients with cerebral infarction,so as to reduce the recurrence rate of cerebral infarction.

Outcome of surgical intervention for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with pleural carcinomatosis first detected at thoracotomy / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To describe the effects of surgical intervention on the prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with pleural carcinomatosis detected at thoracotomy.Methods Retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 54 patients who have unexpected malignant pleural nodules and/or malignant pleural effusions first detected at thoracotomy from January 2009 and December 2013.The effects of surgical intervention on the prognosis were also discussed.Results Sixteen cases had only biopsy,whereas 38 (70.4％) cases had primary tumor resection.The median survival time of 54 patients with pleural carcinomatosis were 23 months.The overall 1 and 5-year survival rates were 64％ and 18％,respectively.Primary tumor resection had significantly better outcome compared with biopsy(MST:respectively,24 vs 15 months,5-year survival rate 39％ vs 6％,P ＜0.05).Univariate analysis showed that primary tumor resection,no smoking history,lower T and N stage has favorable survival(P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the best N stage(P =0.002) and adenocarcinoma(P =0.035) were favorable prognostic factors in these patients.Conclusion For patients with pleural careinomatosis first detected at thoracotomy,limited primary tumor resection may have survival benefits,lower T and N stage for them was associated with better survival.

Outcome of surgical intervention for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with pleural carcinomatosis first detected at thoracotomy / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To describe the effects of surgical intervention on the prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with pleural carcinomatosis detected at thoracotomy.Methods Retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 54 patients who have unexpected malignant pleural nodules and/or malignant pleural effusions first detected at thoracotomy from January 2009 and December 2013.The effects of surgical intervention on the prognosis were also discussed.Results Sixteen cases had only biopsy,whereas 38 (70.4％) cases had primary tumor resection.The median survival time of 54 patients with pleural carcinomatosis were 23 months.The overall 1 and 5-year survival rates were 64％ and 18％,respectively.Primary tumor resection had significantly better outcome compared with biopsy(MST:respectively,24 vs 15 months,5-year survival rate 39％ vs 6％,P ＜0.05).Univariate analysis showed that primary tumor resection,no smoking history,lower T and N stage has favorable survival(P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the best N stage(P =0.002) and adenocarcinoma(P =0.035) were favorable prognostic factors in these patients.Conclusion For patients with pleural careinomatosis first detected at thoracotomy,limited primary tumor resection may have survival benefits,lower T and N stage for them was associated with better survival.

Study of pituitary glands in normal adults by high-resolution MRI / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective ·To study changes of morphological characteristics of pituitary glands Objective · To study changes of morphological characteristics of pituitary glandsin normal adults by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods · A total of 245 healthy adults were scanned by 3.0T MRI to measurewidths,lengths,heights and volumes of pituitary glands and observe pituitary gland morphology. Results · The average height of pituitary was (5.47±1.33) mm inmales and (6.06±1.32) mm in females; the average volume of pituitary was (614.07±125.52) mm3 in males and (660.00±117.35) mm3 in females. The difference betweenthe genders was statistically significant (P<0.01). The pituitary height was positively related to the pituitary volume (r=0.829,P<0.01). Except the pituitary lengths, there was statistically significance in the pituitary widths, heights and volumes among different age groups (P<0.05), and all of them were negatively correlated with age (P<0.01). Conclusion · The pituitary heights and volumes peak in the 18-29 age group in adults and tend to decline with increased age. In female subjects, however, there is a tendency of pituitary heights and volumes to increaseagain in the 50-59 age group. The average height and volume of female pituitary glands are significantly greater than those of males.

Comparison of the hemostatic effect of total knee arthroplasty in intravenous and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid / 重庆医学

Objective To find a more suitable approach for the application of tranexamic acid(TXA)on total knee arthroplas‐ty (TKA) .Methods Totally 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2014 to August 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University were selected and divided into two groups according to the different route of administration .Group A (n=30) was intravenously injected with 100 mL TXA ,and group B(n=30) was locally injected with 100 mL TXA .Three hours drainage tubes occlusion were carried out after operation in the two groups .The intraoperative and postoperative dominant blood loss ,hidden blood loss indexes and the amount of total blood loss were recorded ,and coagulation indexes and D‐2 polymer were reg‐ularly monitored ,the incidence of thrombosis and postoperative adverse events were also observed .Results The amount of total blood loss in group B[(895 .41 ± 239 .02)mL] was lower than that in group A[(1 020 .89 ± 210 .83)mL] ,and the difference was statistically significant (P0 .05) .No blood trans‐fusion ,symptomatic deep venous thrombosis and fatal pulmonary embolism occurred in the two groups .Conclusion The hemostatic effect of local application of TXA is better than that of intravenous injection in patients′initial TKA .