8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde in plasma and their association with disease severity in 20 cats with chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is associated with the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in the plasma and urine of cats with different stages of CKD. METHODS: Plasma and urine samples were collected from cats with CKD that were referred to the Veterinary Medical Center of the University of Tokyo between April 2019 and October 2022. Plasma and urine samples were collected from healthy cats (n = 6 at most), cats with stage 2 CKD (n = 8) and stage 3-4 CKD (n = 12), and cats with idiopathic cystitis (disease control, n = 5). Plasma and urine concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were measured using ELISA and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kits, respectively. RESULTS: The median plasma 8-OHdG concentrations were 0.156 ng/ml (<0.125-0.210 ng/ml) in the healthy group, <0.125 ng/ml (range <0.125 ng/ml) in the idiopathic cystitis group, 0.246 ng/ml (range 0.170-0.403 ng/ml) in cats with stage 2 CKD and 0.433 ng/ml (range 0.209-1.052 ng/ml) in cats with stage 3-4 CKD. Concentrations in stage 3-4 CKD were significantly higher than those in the healthy and disease control groups. Plasma MDA concentrations were low in the healthy and disease control groups and significantly higher in cats with stage 3-4 CKD. In every cat with CKD, plasma 8-OHdG and MDA concentrations were positively correlated with plasma creatinine concentrations (8-OHdG, rs = 0.68; MDA, rs = 0.67). Urinary 8-OHdG/urinary creatinine (u-CRE) and urinary MDA/u-CRE levels did not differ significantly between the groups; however, it was difficult to evaluate them because of the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This report shows that plasma 8-OHdG and MDA concentrations increase with the severity of feline CKD. These markers may be useful for assessing oxidative stress in cats with CKD.

Perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes de trânsito em Marília, São Paulo, 2012 / Epidemiological profile of traffic accidents in Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2012 / El perfil epidemiológico de los accidentes de tráfico en Marília, São Paulo, Brasil, 2012

OBJETIVO: descrever o perfil das vítimas de acidentes e óbitos relacionados ao trânsito em Marília-SP, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, com dados de Boletins de Ocorrência (BO) e Declarações de Óbito (DO) referentes a 2012. RESULTADOS: foram obtidos 1.537 BO; dos 3.257 indivíduos envolvidos em acidentes, 67,3% eram homens e 53,3% encontravam-se na faixa etária de 20-39 anos; os acidentes foram mais frequentes nos cruzamentos de vias (35,2%), às 8 (6,8%), 13 (7,2%) e 19 (8,1%) horas; a motocicleta foi o veículo mais utilizado no momento do acidente (47,6%); entre os 78 óbitos, 61 eram homens, 31 contavam mais de 50 anos de idade e 23 eram motociclistas; 32 acidentes fatais ocorreram em rodovias. CONCLUSÃO: indivíduos do sexo masculino e motociclistas foram os principais envolvidos em acidentes de trânsito e vítimas fatais; os acidentes fatais ocorreram principalmente em rodovias, tendo como principais vítimas os maiores de 50 anos.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the profile of victims of traffic accidents and traffic-related deaths in Marília-SP, Brazil. METHODS: this is a descriptive study, based on data from police reports (PR) and Death Certificates (DC), in 2012. RESULTS: 1,537 PR were gathered; among the 3,257 individuals involved in traffic accidents, 67.3% were men, and 53.3% were between 20-39 years of age; most accidents occurred on road intersections (35.2%), at 8 a.m. (6.8%), 1 p.m. (7.2%) and 7 p.m. (8.1%); motorcycle was the most involved vehicle in the accidents (47.6%); among the 78 deaths reported, 61 were men, 31 were over 50 years old, and 23 were motorcyclists; 32 fatal accidents occurred on highways. Conclusion: the main victims and fatal victims of traffic accidents were male motorcyclists; fatal accidents occurred mainly on highways, and the main victims were over 50 years old.

OBJETIVO: describir el perfil de las víctimas de accidentes y muertes relacionadas al tráfico, en Marília-SP, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, con datos de informes de la policía y certificados de defunción referentes al año 2012. RESULTADOS: se obtuvo 1.537 certificados de defunción; entre los 3.257 individuos involucrados, 67,3% eran hombres y 53,3% tenían entre 20 y 39 años; los accidentes prevalecen en las intersecciones (35,2%), con mayor incidencia a las 8 (6,8%), 13 (7,2%) y 19 (8,1%) horas; la motocicleta fue el vehículo más utilizado en el momento del accidente (47,6%); entre los 78 óbitos, 61 eran hombres, 31 mayores de 50 años de edad y 23 motociclistas; 32 accidentes fatales ocurrieron en carreteras. CONCLUSIÓN: las principales víctimas de los accidentes de tráfico y víctimas mortales fueron motociclistas hombres; las carreteras fueron los principales locales de accidentes fatales y sus principales víctimas tenían más de 50 años de edad.

[Epidemiological profile of traffic accidents in Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2012]. / Perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes de trânsito em Marília, São Paulo, 2012.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the profile of victims of traffic accidents and traffic-related deaths in Marília-SP, Brazil. METHODS: this is a descriptive study, based on data from police reports (PR) and Death Certificates (DC), in 2012. RESULTS: 1,537 PR were gathered; among the 3,257 individuals involved in traffic accidents, 67.3% were men, and 53.3% were between 20-39 years of age; most accidents occurred on road intersections (35.2%), at 8 a.m. (6.8%), 1 p.m. (7.2%) and 7 p.m. (8.1%); motorcycle was the most involved vehicle in the accidents (47.6%); among the 78 deaths reported, 61 were men, 31 were over 50 years old, and 23 were motorcyclists; 32 fatal accidents occurred on highways. Conclusion: the main victims and fatal victims of traffic accidents were male motorcyclists; fatal accidents occurred mainly on highways, and the main victims were over 50 years old.

Simultaneous Determination of Manganese Peroxidase and Lignin Peroxidase by Capillary Electrophoresis Enzyme Assays.

Here, we developed an enzyme assay of manganese peroxidase (MnP) by capillary electrophoresis using an in-capillary reaction and applied it to a simultaneous assay of MnP and lignin peroxidase (LiP). The enzyme activity of MnP was determined from the peak area corresponding to Mn(III)-malonate produced by the plug-plug reaction between MnP and Mn(II) in a separation capillary. A background electrolyte containing 250 mM malonate buffer (pH 4.5) and 5 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was employed for the separation of Mn(III)-malonate from MnP at -10 kV after a plug-plug reaction for 5 min. Although the assay permitted the determination of purified MnP, we found that both LiP and MnP have similar activities against their substrates, that is, LiP catalyzed the oxidation reaction of Mn(II) as well as MnP, whereas MnP catalyzed the oxidation reaction of veratryl alcohol which was the substrate used in the LiP assay developed previously. Thus, we proposed a method to discriminate MnP from LiP based on the difference in the activities of these enzymes to each substrate. Amounts of MnP and LiP in a mixture were successfully evaluated by the proposed method.

Direct determination of lignin peroxidase released from Phanerochaete chrysosporium by in-capillary enzyme assay using micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

Here we describe the application of an in-capillary enzyme assay using micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in the determination of enzyme activity in a crude culture medium containing lignin peroxidase released from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium). The method consists of a plug-plug reaction between lignin peroxidase and its substrate, veratryl alcohol, the separation of the product, veratraldehyde, from the other components including the enzyme and the culture medium, and the determination of the enzyme activity from the peak area of veratraldehyde produced by the plug-plug reaction. This method is more sensitive than conventional spectrophotometry since the background originates from the enzyme and the culture medium can be removed via MEKC separation. Veratraldehyde was separated at -10kV in a background electrolyte containing 50mM tartrate buffer (pH 2.5) and 50mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) after a plug-plug reaction in the capillary for 5min. The calibration curve of veratraldehyde was linear up to 4pmol (500µM) with a limit to quantification of 0.026pmol (3.2µM) (SN=10). The activity of lignin peroxidase was directly measured from the peak area of veratraldehyde. The activity of lignin peroxidase released from P. chrysosporium into the medium for 7 days was successfully determined to be 3.40UL(-1).