RESUMEN
Anisocoria after induction of general anesthesia may indicate a severe cerebrovascular disorder. We encountered a case in which anisocoria in the left and right eyes was noticed after induction of general anesthesia, and the surgery was canceled. The patient was a 53-year-old woman with a history of hypertension. She received general anesthesia 10 years ago, but the details were unknown. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, remifentanil, and rocuronium, followed by nasal intubation. No significant change was observed in vital signs during the induction of anesthesia. After intubation, the pupils were checked according to the protocol for observing pupil diameter. The pupil size was found to be unequal, measuring 1 mm in the left eye and 4 mm in the right eye. A cerebrovascular disorder was suspected; thus, the surgery was canceled, and the patient was awakened and extubated. Neurological symptoms such as limb movements were checked after awakening, and no disorientation or motor dysfunction was detected in the patient. However, her pupils remained unequal, measuring 2 mm in the left eye and 4 mm in the right eye. Regarding light reflex, the left eye was miotic, but the right eye remained mydriatic. The pupillary symptom persisted even during discharge the next day. Since our hospital is a solely dental hospital, following discharge, after consulting the ophthalmology department of a nearby medical university hospital, the patient was diagnosed with pupillotonia, as she had been experiencing light dazzling in only her right eye for seven years, had no light reflex but near reflex, and was miotic due to the use of pilocarpine hydrochloride eye drops, which promotes miosis. The patient has had these symptoms in the right eye for seven years, and it is possible that she had anisocoria during the preoperative examination at this time. If anisocoria had been detected and examined carefully during the preoperative examination, there would have been no need to cancel the surgery. In this case, we strongly felt that the pupils must be checked during the preoperative examination.
RESUMEN
Fundamento: As taxas de mortalidade relacionadas à doença aterosclerótica coronariana (DAC) vêm reduzindo nas últimas décadas devido, em parte, aos avanços nas técnicas de revascularização. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar um visão dos últimos 20 anos do tratamento da DAC pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil. Métodos:Os dados foram obtidos através dos sistemas TABNET e SIGTAP do SUS e através do IBGE. Os procedimentos foram agrupados nas categorias de revascularização percutânea, cirúrgica e percutânea primária. Foram analisados o número de autorizações de internação hospitalar (AIH), duração média de permanência hospitalar, mortalidade hospitalar, valor do repasse total por procedimento e valores médios da AIH e dos serviços profissional e hospitalar. Resultados:Entre 1995 e 2015, houve aumento no número de revascularizações cirúrgicas (de 13.198 a 22.559) e percutâneas (de 10.522 a 66.345). De modo semelhante, o número de angioplastias primárias apresentaram aumento entre 2004 e 2015 (de 1.901 a 8.524). Houve uma queda no tempo médio de permanência hospitalar (de 14,4 a 12,8 dias) e da mortalidade hospitalar (de 7,6% a 5,9%) nas revascularizações cirúrgicas e queda da permanência hospitalar (de 5,3 dias a 3,7 dias) mas manutenção da taxa de mortalidade (2,2%) nas revascularizações percutâneas. Nas angioplastias primárias, o tempo médio de permanência hospitalar variou de 5,3 a 5,6 dias e a taxa de mortalidade variou de 7,94% a 7,43% entre 2004 e 2015, respectivamente. O valor médio do repasse total para as revascularização cirúrgicas variou de R$ 4.327,57 para R$ 12.839,13 e para as revascularizações percutâneas de R$ 2.615,81 a R$ 6.187,87 entre 1995 e 2015, respectivamente. Os valores equivalentes para as angioplastias primárias foram de R$ 5.415,58 em 2004 a R$ 6.581,51 em 2015. Conclusões: O número de procedimentos de revascularização aumentou no Brasil nos últimos 20 anos, juntamente com uma melhora nas taxas de mortalidade e redução no tempo de permanência hospitalar. Observou-se importante defasagem de valores financeiros em relação à inflação acumulada neste período
Introduction: The mortality rates associated with coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) have been declining over the past decades driven, in part, by advances in revascularization techniques. Objective: The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the past 20 years in the treatment of CAD delivered by the Brazilian Unified Health Care System (SUS). Methods:The data were obtained from SUS's TABNET and SIGTAP systems and IBGE. The procedures were grouped into the categories percutaneous, surgical, and primary percutaneous revascularizations. The analysis included the number of hospital admission authorizations (AIH), mean length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, mean total amount paid by procedure, and mean values paid per AIH and for professional and hospital services. Results: Between 1995 and 2015, there were increases in the number of surgical revascularizations (from 13,198 to 22,559) and percutaneous revascularizations (from 10,522 to 66,345). Similarly, the number of primary angioplasties increased between 2004 and 2015 (from 1,901 to 8,524). There was a decrease in the mean length of hospital stay (from 14.4 to 12.8 days) and hospital mortality (from 7.6% to 5.9%) for surgical revascularizations, and decrease in mean length of hospital stay (from 5.3 days to 3.7 days) but maintenance of the mortality rates (2.2%) for percutaneous revascularizations. In primary angioplasties, the mean length of hospital stay varied from 5.3 to 5.6 days and the mortality rate varied from 7.94% to 7.43% between 2004 and 2015, respectively. The mean total amount paid for surgical revascularization varied from R$ 4,327.57 to $12,839.13 and for percutaneous revascularizations from R$ 2,615.81 to $6,187.87 between 1995 and 2015, respectively. Corresponding values for primary angioplasties were R$ 5,415.58 in 2004 to R$ 6,581.51 in 2015. Conclusions: The number of revascularization procedures increased in Brazil over the past 20 years, with an improvement in mortality rates and decrease in length of hospital stay. There was a substantial lag in economic values relative to the inflation accumulated during the period