Age-Related Patterns of Symptoms and Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): A Study Based on Cardiology Patients' Records at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar.

Introduction Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a critical condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart and includes various conditions such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate age-related patterns of symptoms and risk factors in ACS patients and to evaluate how diagnostic test results differ among various age groups of ACS patients. Methodology This retrospective study was conducted from May to November of 2023 on patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to the cardiology ward of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar. The sample size was 137 ACS-diagnosed patients based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After getting ethical approval from the institutional ethical approval board, data were collected for the entire year of 2022 based on proforma with the variables demographic data, troponin I level, presented symptoms, and associated co-morbidities of the patients. The inclusion criteria were patients of all genders, patients diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), and patients whose records were available in the cardiology department of Rehman Medical Institute.  Results The results show that ACS is more prevalent in the age group of 50-69 years (p=0.037) and is significantly more common in males (p=0.019). Chest pain emerged as the predominant symptom, with a significant association of p=0.029 between chest pain and patients of ACS in the age group 30-49 years. While raised troponin I levels were prevalent across all age groups. Moreover, specific risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and family history of CAD showed the significance of p= 0.04, p=0.006, and p=0.021, respectively, with the age group 50-69 years old. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of considering age and gender in ACS management and provides insights into age-related patterns of symptoms and risk factors, which can contribute to optimizing preventive strategies and improving patient care. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and assess long-term outcomes in different age groups.

Accessibility and Perceived Impact of a Group Psychosocial Intervention for Women in Ecuador: A Comparative Analysis by Migration Status.

There is increasing guidance promoting the provision of mental health and psychosocial support programs to both migrant and host community members in humanitarian settings. However, there is a lack of information on the respective experiences and benefits for migrant and host community members who are participating in mental health and psychosocial support programming. We evaluated a community-based psychosocial program for migrant and host community women, Entre Nosotras, which was implemented with an international non-governmental organization in Ecuador in 2021. Data on participant characteristics and psychosocial wellbeing were collected via pre/post surveys with 143 participants, and qualitative interviews were conducted with a subset (n = 61) of participants. All quantitative analyses were conducted in STATA, and qualitative analysis was done in NVivo. Attendance was higher for host community members. Specifically, 71.4% of host community members attended 4-5 sessions, whereas only 37.4% of migrants attended 4-5 sessions (p = 0.004). Qualitative analysis shows that the intervention was less accessible for migrants due to a variety of structural barriers. However, this analysis also demonstrated that both groups of women felt a greater sense of social connectedness after participating in the program and expressed gratitude for the bonds they formed with other women. Some migrant women described negative experiences with the host community because they felt as though they could not confide in host community women and speak freely in front of them. These results underscore how the migratory context influences the implementation of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programs. As humanitarian guidelines continue to emphasize the integration of host community members and displaced persons, it is critical to account for how the same intervention may impact these populations differently.

Concomitant Salmonella and Leptospira Meningitis: A Rare Case Report.

This study presents a unique case of concurrent salmonella and Leptospira meningitis in a 20-year-old woman with no prior medical history. Coinfection with endemic pathogens is plausible, especially in regions like Pakistan. While Salmonella meningitis is uncommon, it presents a significant medical emergency, particularly in immunocompromised adults. Neuroleptospirosis, though rare, can manifest in certain cases. The patient displayed persistent high fever, confusion, irritability, and a single seizure episode. Initial tests, including blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures and serological examinations, detected Salmonella typhi and positive leptospiral antibodies, respectively. Leptomeningeal enhancement was confirmed by an MRI. Treatment with azithromycin, meropenem, and ceftriaxone led to improvement after seven days. She was advised to complete a 28-day course for Salmonella meningitis. This case emphasizes the importance of considering multiple infectious causes, especially in endemic regions. Timely and thorough diagnostic evaluation, followed by appropriate antimicrobial therapy, is essential for effective management. Further research is warranted to enhance understanding of the epidemiology, clinical features, and optimal treatment strategies for such dual infections.

Implementing Public Health Modules as an Approach to Improve Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical Students: A Student-Led, Multi-Year Study.

PURPOSE: Public health is a necessary focus of modern medical education. However, while numerous studies demonstrate benefits of public health education during medical school among self-selected students (i.e., those interested in public health), there are few educational models shown to be effective across the general medical student population. This study examined the effect of a multi-year, case-based, longitudinal online public health curriculum required for all medical students at an urban, research-focused U.S. medical school. METHOD: The authors created 11 short public health modules to supplement a year-long, organ-based preclerkship course at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. Beginning in 2020, all students were required to complete these modules, with repeated surveys to assess changes in attitudes and knowledge of public health over time. The authors compared responses for these domains before and after each module, across multiple time points throughout the year, and cross-sectionally to a 2019 cohort of students who were not provided the modules. RESULTS: Across 3 cohorts, 405 of 420 (96.4%) of students provided responses and were included in subsequent analyses. After completing the modules, students reported perceiving a greater importance of public health to nearly every medical specialty (P < .001), more positive attitudes toward public health broadly (P < .001), and increased knowledge of public health content (P < .001). These findings were consistent across longitudinal analysis of students throughout the year-long course and when compared to the cohort who did not complete the modules. CONCLUSIONS: Case-based, interactive, and longitudinal public health content can be effectively integrated into the required undergraduate medical education curriculum to improve all medical students' knowledge and perceptions of public health. Incorporating evidence-based public health education into medical training may help future physicians to better address the needs of the communities and populations in which they practice.

Assessment of health-care workers' attitudes, knowledge, and skills in the care of critically ill Muslim children in New York.

OBJECTIVES: Pediatric health-care workers often care for families of minority religious backgrounds, but little is known about their perspective in providing culturally and spiritually appropriate care for Muslim patients. We aimed to (1) characterize the attitudes, knowledge, and skills of health-care workers in the care of critically ill Muslim children and (2) evaluate preferences for different educational interventions to improve care of critically ill Muslim children. METHODS: We administered a single-center, cross-sectional, 33-question, electronic survey of interdisciplinary health-care workers in a large pediatric intensive care unit in New York City to characterize their attitudes, knowledge, and skills in caring for critically ill Muslim children. RESULTS: Of 413 health-care workers surveyed, there were 109 (26%) respondents. Participants responded correctly to 51.7 ± 22.2% (mean ± SD) and 69.2 ± 20.6% of background knowledge and clinical skills questions, respectively. Only 29.8% of participants perceived adequate institutional resources to provide culturally competent care to Muslim patients and their families. Participants identified end-of-life care (47.5%) and bioethical concerns (45%) as needed areas for additional institutional resources. When asked about support to aid in caring for Muslim patients, 43.4% of participants requested a team of Muslim health-care workers to provide guidance. Participants most often requested video-based training modules (32.5%) and written materials (30%) as potential educational interventions. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: We identify gaps in health-care worker knowledge and skills in the care of the critically ill Muslim child. We also describe possible areas for intervention to facilitate culturally and spiritually appropriate care delivery to Muslim children and families.

Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam in preterm neonates with an insight in brain Tissue: A PBPK approach.

Physiological maturity is a gradual process taking place throughout infancy and childhood. Though for years anatomical growth has been the basis for dose calculation in pediatric population, physiological immaturity can-not be overlooked especially in neonates. The potential difference in physiology can significantly affect the outcomes of treatment and may result in under dosing or over-dosage. For many ethical and logistic constrains, carrying out pharmacokinetic studies of pharmacological agents in neonatal population remains a challenging task and such data is therefore, insufficient. This work presents Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic modeling approach to predict the disposition of IV Midazolam in preterm neonates of different gestational ages, validated by the experimental studies. Furthermore, midazolam concentration in brain tissue of these neonates- the major site of its action- has been noted. The predicted and observed plasma pharmacokinetic parameters are comparable. This article demonstrates the usefulness of in-silico approach for finding out the PK parameters in neonates which may aid in deciding the frequency of drug administration in this population.

Sensorless based SVPWM-DTC of AFPMSM for electric vehicles.

AFPMSM is lighter, has a higher power-to-weight ratio, is shorter in length, is less expensive, and has a higher efficiency than the radial flux motor. Then AFPMSM is more suitable for driving the EV than radial flux motor. The proposed technique in this paper is the sensorless-based SVPWM-DTC of AFPMSM to drive electric vehicles. Sensorless research becomes more important in this circumstance since the axial motor can be placed inside the vehicle tire due to its condensed size and shape similar to the tires. DTC provides less fluctuation for the driver during driving for safety and comfort. SVPWM is preferred for its high performance. When measuring speed using a sensorless estimator, sensor inaccuracy is minimized, and the AFPMS motor can be mounted inside the tire. The control system is tested using two EVs driving cycles, and the results promise high performance. NEDC and HWFET driving cycles are used to test the proposed control scheme in 100 times less than the actual driving cycles' time to test the coherence of the sensorless estimator. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique is valid for real-time applications with high-performance, minimum torque fluctuations, and minimum transient and steady-state errors.

Nationwide Assessment of Knowledge and Perception in Reinforcing Telemedicine in the Age of COVID-19 Among Medical Students From Pakistan.

The urgency for telemedicine is felt during the COVID-19 pandemic which has rendered the world shut by enforcing quarantines and lockdowns. Many developing countries including Pakistan have inadequate telehealth care services that limited access to rural and remote areas. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among medical students i.e., both preclinical and clinical enrolled in various medical colleges from all provinces of Pakistan to determine their Knowledge, Attitude and Perception regarding the use of Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A total of 398 respondents were included in this preliminary survey. Knowledgeable scores were calculated, from a maximum obtainable score of 7. The mean knowledge was found to be significantly associated with age, province, and year of study (p-value < 0.05). Attitude scores were calculated from a maximum obtainable score of 10. All the independent variables failed to reach a significant (p < 0.05) association with the mean attitude of respondents about telemedicine. Perception scores were calculated from a maximum obtainable score of 8. Residents of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are more likely to know about telemedicine than Balochistan (p = 0.022) on univariate regression. We identified, lack of knowledge and training for telemedicine in medical institutes. It is crucial to assess the knowledge of medical students regarding telemedicine to comprehend, and evaluate their attitude as future doctors who can play a significant role in establishing telemedicine services in the health care system.

Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of pediatric tracheostomy-associated infections: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Children with tracheostomy are frequently admitted to the hospital for tracheostomy-associated respiratory infections (TRAINs). However, there remains a paucity of evidence to direct the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TRAINs. An important first step to addressing this knowledge gap is to synthesize existing data regarding TRAINs to inform current practice and facilitate innovation. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science from inception to October 2020. Original research articles and published abstracts including children and young adults 0-21 years of age with tracheostomy were included. Included studies assessed the clinical definitions of and risk factors for TRAINs, microbiologic epidemiology and colonization of tracheostomies, and treatment and outcomes of TRAINs. DATA SYNTHESIS: Out of 5755 studies identified in the search, 78 full-text studies were included in the final review. A substantial number of studies focused on the detection of specific pathogens in respiratory cultures including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several different definitions of TRAIN including clinical, microbiologic, and laboratory testing results were utilized; however, no uniform set of criteria were identified. The few studies focused on treatment and prevention of TRAIN emphasized the role of empiric antimicrobial therapy and the use of inhaled antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a growing number of research articles studying TRAINs, there is a paucity of prospective interventional trials to guide the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory disease in this vulnerable population. Future research should include studies of interventions designed to improve short- and long-term respiratory-related outcomes of children with tracheostomy.

Supplementary Feeding of Moderately Wasted Children in Sierra Leone Reduces Severe Acute Malnutrition and Death When Compared with Nutrition Counseling: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about whether children with moderate wasting should receive supplementary feeding. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether supplementary feeding compared with counseling alone in children with moderate wasting prevented progression to severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or death. METHODS: This was a retrospective, dual-cohort study in which 1791 children with moderate wasting were drawn from 2 prior randomized controlled trials that took place in the same location in rural Sierra Leone. A total of 1077 children received supplementary feeding, whereas 714 children received counseling alone. Children in both cohorts were followed for ≥24 wk from enrollment. The primary outcome was time to SAM or death using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Secondary outcomes included time to death as well as proportions of children with healthy midupper arm circumference (MUAC), moderate wasting, SAM, or death at 6, 12, and 24 wk from enrollment. RESULTS: Children who received supplementary feeding were less likely to develop SAM or die across the entire follow-up period (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.65; P < 0.001). Time to event for death alone also revealed a lower risk for children who received supplementary feeding (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.94; P = 0.03). Children who received supplementary feeding were more likely to have a healthy MUAC at 6 wk (RR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 2.2) and 12 wk (RR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.5), were less likely to develop SAM at 6 (RR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6, 0.9), 12 (RR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8), and 24 wk (RR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.5), and had higher rates of gain in weight and MUAC at 6 and 12 wk. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementary feeding of children with moderate wasting reduces risk of SAM and death across 24 wk of follow-up.

Supplementary Feeding of Moderately Wasted Children in Sierra Leone Reduces Severe Acute Malnutrition and Death When Compared with Nutrition Counseling: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about whether children with moderate wasting should receive supplementary feeding. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether supplementary feeding compared with counseling alone in children with moderate wasting prevented progression to severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or death. METHODS: This was a retrospective, dual-cohort study in which 1791 children with moderate wasting were drawn from 2 prior randomized controlled trials that took place in the same location in rural Sierra Leone. A total of 1077 children received supplementary feeding, whereas 714 children received counseling alone. Children in both cohorts were followed for ≥24 wk from enrollment. The primary outcome was time to SAM or death using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Secondary outcomes included time to death as well as proportions of children with healthy midupper arm circumference (MUAC), moderate wasting, SAM, or death at 6, 12, and 24 wk from enrollment. RESULTS: Children who received supplementary feeding were less likely to develop SAM or die across the entire follow-up period (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.65; P < 0.001). Time to event for death alone also revealed a lower risk for children who received supplementary feeding (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.94; P = 0.03). Children who received supplementary feeding were more likely to have a healthy MUAC at 6 wk (RR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 2.2) and 12 wk (RR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.5), were less likely to develop SAM at 6 (RR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6, 0.9), 12 (RR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8), and 24 wk (RR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.5), and had higher rates of gain in weight and MUAC at 6 and 12 wk. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementary feeding of children with moderate wasting reduces risk of SAM and death across 24 wk of follow-up.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic absorption spectroscopic evaluation of Raphanus sativus L. seeds grown in Pakistan.

Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicacae) possesses numerous health benefits due to presence of a host of secondary metabolites in its various parts. The present study investigated the nutritive value of Raphanus sativus (RS) seeds and seed oil. Proximate and physico chemical analysis were carried out by official AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) and AOCS (American oil chemist society) methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) described the surface morphology along with atomic elemental composition of the sample. Mineral contents were evaluated by Atomic absorption spectroscopy. Moisture content was 8.67±0.08% whereas protein, crude fiber, crude fat, carbohydrates, total ash values were reported as 20.13±0.15%, 7.86±0.15%, 32.27±0.25%, 27.32±0.85%, 3.75±0.02% respectively. EDS determined carbon, oxygen, magnesium, sulfur and potassium in seeds. All physico-chemical properties varied insignificantly for the two extraction methods, except for acid value and unsaponifiable matter, which were higher for Soxhlet's extracted oil than cold pressed oil. The mineral composition revealed potassium in the highest concentrations in seeds and seed oil i.e.1660.65±69.26 ppm and 47.80 ± 7.02 ppm respectively. The study suggested that the seed and seed oil could be a potential source of naturally originated raw material for the nutritive and pharmaceutical aid.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 4 supplementary foods for treating moderate acute malnutrition: results from a cluster-randomized intervention trial in Sierra Leone.

BACKGROUND: Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) affects 33 million children annually. Investments in formulations of corn-soy blended flours and lipid-based nutrient supplements have effectively improved MAM recovery rates. Information costs and cost-effectiveness differences are still needed. OBJECTIVES: We assessed recovery and sustained recovery rates of MAM children receiving a supplementary food: ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF), corn soy whey blend with fortified vegetable oil (CSWB w/oil), or Super Cereal Plus with amylase (SC + A) compared to Corn Soy Blend Plus with fortified vegetable oil (CSB+ w/oil). We also estimated differences in costs and cost effectiveness of each supplement. METHODS: In Sierra Leone, we randomly assigned 29 health centers to provide a supplement containing 550 kcal/d for ∼12 wk to 2691 children with MAM aged 6-59 mo. We calculated cost per enrollee, cost per child who recovered, and cost per child who sustained recovery each from 2 perspectives: program perspective and caregiver perspective, combined. RESULTS: Of 2653 MAM children (98.6%) with complete data, 1676 children (63%) recovered. There were no significant differences in the odds of recovery compared to CSB+ w/oil [0.83 (95% CI: 0.64-1.08) for CSWB w/oil, 1.01 (95% CI: 0.78-1.3) for SC + A, 1.05 (95% CI: 0.82-1.34) for RUSF]. The odds of sustaining recovery were significantly lower for RUSF (0.7; 95% CI 0.49-0.99) but not CSWB w/oil or SC + A [1.08 (95% CI: 0.73-1.6) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.67-1.4), respectively] when compared to CSB+ w/oil. Costs per enrollee [US dollars (USD)/child] ranged from $105/child in RUSF to $112/child in SC + A and costs per recovered child (USD/child) ranged from $163/child in RUSF to $179/child in CSWB w/oil, with overlapping uncertainty ranges. Costs were highest per sustained recovery (USD/child), ranging from $214/child with the CSB+ w/oil to $226/child with the SC + A, with overlapping uncertainty ranges. CONCLUSIONS: The 4 supplements performed similarly across recovery (but not sustained recovery) and costed measures. Analyses of posttreatment outcomes are necessary to estimate the full cost of MAM treatment. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03146897.

National Inpatient Immunization Patterns: Variation in Practice and Policy Between Vaccine Types.

BACKGROUND: Many hospitalized children are underimmunized, yet little is known about current systems supporting inpatient vaccination. We aim to describe national pediatric inpatient immunization practices and determine if variation exists among adolescent, childhood, and influenza vaccines. METHODS: An electronic survey regarding hospital vaccination practices was sent to physician, nurse, and pharmacy leaders via the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings Network in spring 2019. Hospitals reported the presence of various practices to support inpatient vaccination stratified by vaccine type: tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis, meningococcal, human papillomavirus, childhood series, and influenza. One-way analysis of variance testing compared differences in numbers of practices and χ2 tests compared proportions of sites reporting each practice between vaccine types. Qualitative responses were evaluated via content analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-one of 103 eligible hospitals completed the survey (50%). Standardized policies existed in 92% of hospitals for influenza, 41% for childhood, and 29% for adolescent vaccines. Hospitals identified an average of 5.1 practices to deliver influenza vaccines, compared with 1.5 for childhood; 0.9 for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis; 0.7 for meningococcal; and 0.6 for human papillomavirus vaccines (P < .001). Standardized screening tools, visual prompts, standing orders, nurse- or pharmacy-driven screening or ordering, staff education, and quality improvement projects were reported more often for influenza vaccines than other vaccine types (P < .01 for all comparisons). Common barriers to delivery included communication difficulties, lack of systems optimization, and parent and provider discomfort with inpatient immunization. CONCLUSIONS: Existing hospital infrastructure supports influenza vaccine delivery over other vaccine types, potentially creating missed inpatient vaccination opportunities.

Non-Solvent Influence of Hydrophobic Polymeric Layer Deposition on PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane for CO2 Gas Absorption.

The implementation of hydrophobicity on membranes is becoming crucial in current membrane technological development, especially in membrane gas absorption (MGA). In order to prevent membrane wetting, a polypropylene (PP) dense layer coating was deposited on a commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane as a method of enhancing surface hydrophobicity. The weight concentration of PP pellets was varied from 10 mg mL-1 to 40 mg mL-1 and dissolved in xylene. A two-step dip coating was implemented where the PVDF membrane was immersed in a non-solvent followed by a polymer coating solution. The effects of the modified membrane with the non-solvent methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and without the non-solvent was investigated over all weight concentrations of the coating solution. The SEM investigation found that the modified membrane surface transfiguration formed microspherulites that intensified as PP concentration increased with and without MEK. To understand the coating formation further, the solvent-non-solvent compatibility with the polymer was also discussed in this study. The membrane characterizations on the porosity, the contact angle, and the FTIR spectra were also conducted in determining the polymer coating properties. Hydrophobic membrane was achieved up to 119.85° contact angle and peak porosity of 87.62% using MEK as the non-solvent 40 mg mL-1 PP concentration. The objective of the current manuscript was to test the hydrophobicity and wetting degree of the coating layer. Hence, physical absorption via the membrane contactor using CO2 as the feed gas was carried out. The maximum CO2 flux of 3.33 × 10-4 mol m-2 s-1 was achieved by 25 mg modified membrane at a fixed absorbent flow rate of 100 mL min-1 while 40 mg modified membrane showed better overall flux stability.

Synthesis, characterization and SEM studies of novel 1-indanyl isoniazid and hydrazide Schiff base derivatives as new anti-tubercular agents.

The aim of study was to synthesize 1-indanyl isoniazid and sixteen other hydrazide Schiff base derivatives from 1-indanone. All synthesized derivatives were screened for the inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis on three Mycobacterial strains ATCC H37Rv, known INH-sensitive (INH-S) and INH-resistant strains (INH-R) by proportion method. The derivatives were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, FTIR, 1H NMR, and HREIMS. In addition, to gain more insight into morphology of the structures, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed. The results revealed that 1-indanyl isoniazid derivative (UN-1) exhibited more potent and high anti-mycobacterial activity against both INH-sensitive and INH-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis when compared to standard anti-tubercular drug isoniazid which might be a novel isoniazid derivative as a new anti-tubercular agent.

Electron ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ei-gc-ms) analysis of extracted oil from Tribulus terrestris seeds.

The fine powdered form T. terrestris seeds, was extracted with n-hexane by soxhlet apparatus. The aim of the study was to analyze the T. terrestris seed oil (sample-A) by electron ionization Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (EI-GC-MS) using full scan method within mass range from 40-700 charge to mass ratio (m/z). Out of 102 compounds (1A-102A) 11 compounds (30A, 32A, 37A, 45A, 47A, 48A, 49A, 64A, 83A, 101A and 102A) could not be identified and 91 were identified by classical interpretation of the mass spectrum and by using NIST14 library with match factor > 95 of mass spectrums. While among the 91 identified compounds 18 were found common therefore finally 73 compounds were identified in the present EI-GC-MS analysis of sample-A.

Chemical analysis of Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) pod oil by (GC-MS) / GC-FID and evaluation of antioxidant potential.

Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) is one of the important plant species having extensive commercial and medicinal uses. The current study aims to assess the chemical constituents in pod oil of Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) by using two spectroscopic techniques i.e. GC-FID (Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy). In GC-FID technique, nine fatty acids were identified with their respective composition, capric acid (1) (1.496%) lauric acid (2) (5.695%), myristic acid (3) (4.925%), palmitic acid (4) (10.130%), palmitoleic acid (5) (2.166%), stearic acid (6) (2.862%), oleic acid (7) (10.232%), linoleic acid (8) (22.350%) and behenic acid (9) (9.283%). In second technique, i.e. GC-MS, a series of hydrocarbons (10-37) along with two triterpenoids (38-39) were found in pod oil of the plant used. Important structure indices such as Iodine value and Saponification values were also determined. These findings can be helpful to understand the important medicinal and commercial aspects of seeds oil of the plant, like fuel value, degree of unsaturation and oxidative stability. Antioxidant testing (DPPH-Radical Scavenging Assay) was also performed on pods oil but no any significant activity was found.