[Timing and surgery option of keratinized mucosa augmentation around implant site].

In recent years, clinicians have paid more attention to the biological and esthetic effects of the 2 mm keratinized mucosa width (KMW) around dental implant. How to increase the keratinized mucosa is the focus of clinicians. While the free gingival graft (FGG) is still the gold standard of keratinized mucosa augmentation, alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), connective tissue graft (CTG) and apically positioned flap (APF) can also be used to obtain more than 2 mm keratinized mucosa width when they are used before implantation, with implantation, within the implant-healing phase, with second stage of implantation or after rehabilitation according to different indications. This article comprehensively summarizes the influencing factors of timing and surgical procedures for keratinized mucosa augmentation, providing guidance for clinicians to treat peri-implant keratinized mucosa deficiencies.

[Risk analysis and preventive strategies of implant placement in patients with hypertension].

Recently, among the edentulous patients who undergo dental implants, the proportion of hypertensive patients remains high, which poses a greater challenge for clinicians to operate and to maintain the therapeutic effect. The present review comprehensively summarized clinical researches about the adverse effects on dental implants, outlined molecular mechanisms of the positive effects of various antihypertensive drugs on bone metabolism, and proposed that clinicians should select preventive strategies during preoperative and intraoperative procedures according to the blood pressure of patients with hypertension.

Antiadipogenesis and Osseointegration of Strontium-Doped Implant Surfaces.

The decreased bone density and increased marrow adiposity that occur with aging may influence the outcome of dental implants. Strontium (Sr), an anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis, has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis but favors osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of local Sr release on adipogenesis during bone formation in aged bone. In this study, a potential dental implant material, Sr-doped titanium, was developed via a sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) method combined with a hydrothermal process. The effects of Sr-SLA on initial adhesion, proliferation, intracellular redox state, and adipogenic differentiation of senescent BMSCs were investigated. The in vitro results showed that Sr-SLA promoted spreading of senescent BMSCs via upregulation of the gene and protein expression of integrin ß1. In addition, it was revealed that Sr-SLA could reduce intracellular oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species and oxygen radicals and increasing the content of glutathione peroxidase. More important, Sr-SLA suppressed lipid droplet production and adipokines expression via downregulation of transcription peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, thus inhibiting adipogenesis. Finally, the Sr-SLA implants were implanted in tibiae of aged (18-mo-old) Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 and 8 wk. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that Sr-SLA implants significantly enhanced osseointegration, and the inhibition effect on marrow adipose tissue formation was moderate. All these results suggest that due to the multiple functions produced by Sr, antiadipogenesis capability and rapid osseointegration were enhanced by the Sr-SLA coatings, which have potential application in dental implantation in the aged population.

[Research progress in maxillary sinus mucosal disease associated with maxillary sinus floor lifting].

Maxillary sinus augmentation is an effective procedure to gain bone height for implant placement in an atrophic posterior maxilla. But maxillary sinus diseases are prevalent in patients scheduled for sinus lift procedures. The presence of these diseases may increase the difficulties in performing the surgery and the risk of developing postoperative complications. This paper summarizes and introduces the common maxillary sinus mucosa diseases related to maxillary sinus augmentation.

[The use of antibiotics in dental implantology].

The use of antibiotics in dental implantology is very common and the abuse of antibiotics is increasingly obvious. The rational use of antibiotics in the process of oral implantology needs the support of evidence based medicine. The prophylactic use of antibiotics in dental implantology is reviewed in this article, including the summary of different infection risks, such as peri-implantitis and maxillary sinusitis after maxillary sinus floor lifting.

Early bone response to sandblasted, dual acid-etched and H2O2/HCl treated titanium implants: an experimental study in the rabbit.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a roughened H(2)O(2)/HCl heat-treated titanium surface on peri-implant bone formation at an early stage in vivo. 24 Ti(6)Al(4)V alloy implants were used; half were treated by sandblasted and dual acid-etched treatments (control group), while the others were treated by sandblasted, dual acid-etched and H(2)O(2)/HCl heat treatments (test group). The morphology and roughness were analyzed by field emission SEM and atomic force microscopy. The implants were inserted into the femora of 12 adult white rabbits. After 2 and 4 weeks, femora block specimens were prepared for histological and histomorphometric analysis. SEM micrographs showed that multilevel and different sized pits were formed on both surfaces. New bone formation was observed on both implant surfaces. Test implants demonstrated a greater mean percentage of bone-implant contact as compared with controls at 2 (46.84 vs. 41.81, p=0.000) and 4 weeks (49.43 vs. 44.87, p=0.006) of healing. It is concluded that the H(2)O(2)/HCl heat-treated rough titanium surface promoted enhanced bone apposition during the early stages of new bone formation around the implant.