Terrain effect on atmospheric process in seasonal ozone variation over the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China.

Terrain effect is challenging for understanding atmospheric environment changes under complex topography. This study targets the Sichuan Basin (SCB), a deep basin isolated by plateaus and mountains in Southwest China, by employing WRF-Chem with integrated process rates (IPR) analysis to characterize the terrain-driven seasonal variations of tropospheric ozone (O3) with atmospheric physical and chemical processes. Results show that the basin terrain exerts reversed impacts on regional air quality changes by aggravating summertime and alleviating wintertime near-surface O3 with the relative contributions oscillating seasonally between -40% and 40% in SCB. Similarly, a seasonal shift of vertical O3 structures is dominated by summertime positive and wintertime negative changes in the lower troposphere induced by basin terrain. The key contributions of atmospheric process to near-surface O3 are identified with vertical and horizontal transport, which is dominated by basin terrain with intensifying seasonal and diurnal variations. With the existence of basin, the daytime O3 productions at the near-surface layer are elevated in months of warm seasons (April and July) but inhibited in the cold seasons (October and January), presenting a seasonal transition of primary factor from meteorology to aerosol-radiation forcing on photochemical reactions. Driven by plateau-basin thermodynamic forcing, horizontal O3 transport between the SCB and eastern TP is enhanced by mountain-plains solenoid (MPS), and even nocturnal O3-rich layers contribute to the impacts of vertical exchange on near-surface O3 levels. The terrain effects of deep basin under the interaction of Asian monsoons and westerlies could jointly change atmospheric physical and chemical processes to construct the seasonal and diurnal O3 evolution patterns over the SCB region.

Tetraspanin 1 regulates papillary thyroid tumor growth and metastasis through c-Myc-mediated glycolysis.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common form of thyroid cancer and is characterized by its tendency for lymphatic metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis. Tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) is a member of the tetra-transmembrane protein superfamily and has been implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis in various studies. However, the role of TSPAN1 in PTC tumor development remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of TSPAN1 on PTC cell behavior. Our results demonstrate that knockdown of TSPAN1 inhibits PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while overexpression of TSPAN1 has the opposite effect. These findings suggest that TSPAN1 might play a role in the tumorigenesis and invasiveness of PTC. Mechanistically, we found that TSPAN1 activates the ERK pathway by increasing its phosphorylation, subsequently leading to upregulated expression of c-Myc. Additionally, we observed that TSPAN1-ERK-c-Myc axis activation promotes glycolytic activity in PTC cells, as evidenced by the upregulation of glycolytic genes such as LDHA. Taken together, our findings indicate that TSPAN1 acts as an oncogene in PTC by regulating glycolytic metabolism. This discovery highlights the potential of TSPAN1 as a promising therapeutic target for PTC treatment. Further research in this area could provide valuable insights into the development of targeted therapies for PTC patients.

Biomimetic Compound Eyes with Gradient Ommatidium Arrays.

Compound eyes are high-performing natural optical perception systems with compact configurations, generating extensive research interest. Existing compound eye systems are often combinations of simple uniform microlens arrays; there are still challenges in making more ommatidia on the compound eye surface to focus to the same plane. Here, a biomimetic gradient compound eye is presented by artificially mimicking dragonflies. The multiple replication process efficiently endows compound eyes with the gradient characteristics of dragonfly compound eyes. Experimental results show that the manufactured compound eye allows multifocus imaging by virtue of the gradient ommatidium array arranged closely in a honeycomb pattern while ensuring excellent optical properties and compact configurations. Thousands of ommatidia showing a gradient trend at the millimeter scale while remaining relatively uniform at the micron scale have gradient focal lengths ranging from 260 to 450 µm. This gradient compound eye allows more ommatidia to focus on the same plane than traditional uniform compound eyes, which have experimentally been shown to capture more than 1100 in-plane clear images simultaneously, promising potential applications in micro-optical devices, optical imaging, and biochemical sensing.

Confinement-enhanced microalgal individuals biosensing for digital atrazine assay.

Microalgal sensors are widely recognized for their high sensitivity, accessibility, and low cost. However, the current dilemma of motion-induced spatial phase changes and concentration-related multiple scattering interferes with induced test instability and limited sensitivity, which has hindered their practical applications. Here, a differentiated strategy, named confinement-enhanced microalgal biosensing (C-EMB), is developed and proposed to pave the way. The in-situ printed microgel trap is designed to confine Chlamydomonas reinhardtii individuals, stabilizing their spatial phase. The microgel trap arrays are introduced to eliminate the multiple scattering of microalgae, breaking the existing effective concentration in traditional microalgal sensing and enabling sensitive assays. The integration with lab-on-a-chip technology and a developed digital imaging algorithm empower portable and automated detection. With this system, a microalgae analyzer is developed for atrazine detection, featuring a linear range of 0.04-100 µg/L. We assess the system's performance through practical atrazine assays on commercial food, using a double-blind test against a standard instrument. Our results demonstrate the good accuracy and test stability of this system with the mean bias atrazine detection in corn and sugarcane juice samples (SD) were 1.661 µg/L (3.122 µg/L) and 3.144 µg/L (4.125 µg/L), respectively. This method provides a new paradigm of microalgal sensors and should advance the further applications of microalgal sensors in commercial and practical settings.

Invited review: Current perspectives for analyzing the dairy biofilms by integrated multiomics.

Biofilms formed by pathogenic or spoilage microorganisms have become serious issues in the dairy industry, as this mode of life renders such microorganisms highly resistant to cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures, disinfectants, desiccation, and other control strategies. The advent of omics techniques, especially the integration of different omics tools, has greatly improved our understanding of the features of microbial biofilms, and provided in-depth knowledge on developing effective methods that are directly against deleterious biofilms. This review provides novel insights into the single use of each omics tool and the application of multiomics tools to unravel the mechanisms of biofilm formation, specific molecular phenotypes exhibited by biofilms, and biofilm control strategies. Challenges and future perspective on the integration of omics tools for biofilm studies are also addressed.

Multi-omics reveals the increased biofilm formation of Salmonella Typhimurium M3 by the induction of tetracycline at sub-inhibitory concentrations.

Exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics could induce the biofilm formation of microorganisms, but its underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In the present work, biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium M3 was increased when in the presence of tetracycline at sub-MIC, and the highest induction was observed with tetracycline at 1/8 MIC. The integration of RNA-sequencing and untargeted metabolomics was applied in order to further decipher the potential mechanisms for this observation. In total, 439 genes and 144 metabolites of S. Typhimurium M3 were significantly expressed after its exposure to 1/8 MIC of tetracycline. In addition, the co-expression analysis revealed that 6 genes and 8 metabolites play a key role in response to 1/8 MIC of tetracycline. The differential genes and metabolites were represented in 12 KEGG pathways, including five pathways of amino acid metabolism (beta-alanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism), three lipid metabolism pathways (biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid degradation, and fatty acid biosynthesis), two nucleotide metabolism pathways (purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism), pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. Metabolites (anthranilate, indole, and putrescine) from amino acid metabolism may act as signaling molecules to promote the biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium M3. The results of this work highlight the importance of low antimicrobial concentrations on foodborne pathogens of environmental origin.

Preliminary Experience with Continuous Submucosal Anastomosis in Small-Diameter Hepaticojejunostomy during Single-Port Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Surgery in Children.

PURPOSE: Hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis (HJA) is the most challenging aspect in single-port laparoscopic choledochal cystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (SPCH) in children, especially in small-diameter anastomoses (diameters less than 5 mm), which are more susceptible to anastomotic stricture. We developed the continuous submucosal technique for HJA (CS-HJA) to lessen postoperative complications. The purpose of this study is to introduce our preliminary experiences with CS-HJA. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all available clinical data of children who underwent SPCH surgery between March 2020 and October 2022. We operated with CS-HJA on 10 children who were diagnosed with small-diameter hepaticojejunostomy (diameter less than 5 mm). Data collection mainly included demographic information, imaging data, perioperative details, and postoperative outcomes. Ten patients were included in this study. The average patient age was 55.2 months; the age range was 3 to 120 months, and the average weight was 11.6 kg; male-female ratio was 1:9. The choledocho had fusiform dilatation in five cases and cystic dilatation in five cases. There was no dilatation of the left and right hepatic ducts or intrahepatic bile ducts in all patients. All patients had no dilatation of the left and right hepatic ducts or intrahepatic bile ducts. All patients underwent a single-port laparoscopic bile-intestinal anastomosis using a submucosal jejunal anastomosis technique. Analysis of the duration of the bile-intestinal anastomosis, the length of the child's stay in the hospital after surgery, the intraoperative complications, and the postoperative complications was performed. RESULTS: All the 10 patients underwent successful SPCH by CS-HJA technique. The average length of time for hepaticojejunostomy ranged from 22 to 40 minutes, and the postoperative hospital stay was 5.2 to 9.2 days. There were no instances of bile leakage following the operation. At 17 to 30 months of follow-up, there was no abdominal pain or jaundice, and the reexamination of transaminases, bilirubin, and amylase were normal. Ultrasonography showed no bile duct stricture or dilated bile ducts, and the incision is elegant, and the families of the patients were satisfied. CONCLUSION: In SPCH surgery in children, the CS-HJA technique is safe and feasible for small-diameter hepaticojejunostomy.

Developing a nomogram for predicting surgical intervention in pediatric intussusception after hydrostatic reduction.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting surgical intervention in pediatric intussusception after hydrostatic reduction. Methods: Children with intussusception who had treated with sonographically guided saline hydrostatic reduction as an initial treatment were enrolled in this study. The enrolled patients were randomly selected for training and validation sets, and the split ratio was 7:3. The medical records of enrolled patients were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into a surgery and a non-surgery group according to the results of the nonsurgical reduction. A model for predicting the risk of surgical treatment was virtualized by the nomogram using logistic regression analysis. Results: The training set consisted of 139 patients and the validation set included 74. After logistic regression analysis using training set, duration of symptoms, bloody stools, white blood cells (WBCs), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), long-axis diameter, poor prognostic signs by ultrasound and mental state were identified as the independent predictors of surgical intervention for intussusception. A model that incorporated the above independent predictors was developed and presented as a nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram in the validation set was 0.948 (95% CI, 0.888-1.000). The calibration curve demonstrated a good agreement between prediction and observation. The decision curve analysis (DCA) curve showed that the model achieved a net benefit across all threshold probabilities. Conclusion: Based on the predictors of duration of symptoms, bloody stools, WBCs, CK-MB, long-axis diameter, poor prognostic signs by ultrasound and mental state, we developed a nomogram for predicting surgical intervention after hydrostatic reduction. This nomogram could be applied directly to facilitate pre-surgery decision for pediatric intussusception.

A micro-chamber free digital bio-detection for multiplexed and ultrasensitive immunoassay based on encoded magnetic microbeads and tyramide signal amplification strategy.

Digital bio-detection has become one of the most appealing methods in recent years due to its excellent performance with ultra-sensitivity in detection of low-abundance targets. Traditional digital bio-detection needs the utilization of micro-chambers for physical isolation of targets, while the recently developed beads-based micro-chamber free one is attracting extensive attention, although there exist the disadvantages of overlaps between positive ("1") and negative ("0") signals as well as the decreased detection sensitivity in multiplexed mode. Here we propose a feasible and robust micro-chamber free digital bio-detection for multiplexed and ultrasensitive immunoassay based on encoded magnetic microbeads (EMMs) and tyramide signal amplification (TSA) strategy. An EMMs-based multiplexed platform is constructed by using a fluorescent encoding method, then a puissant signal amplification of positive events in TSA procedure is achieved via systematical revelation of key factors influences. For proof of concept, a three-plexed tumor markers detection is performed to evaluate our established platform. The detection sensitivity is comparable to the corresponding single-plexed assays and is also approximately 30-15,000 times improvement compared to the conventional suspension chip. Therefore, this multiplexed micro-chamber free digital bio-detection paves a promising way to be an ultrasensitive and powerful tool for clinical diagnosis.

Casein Hydrolysate Alleviates Adipose Chronic Inflammation in High Fat-Diet Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice through MAPK Pathway.

Obesity-induced adipose chronic inflammation is closely related to the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Tripeptides l-valyl-l-prolyl-l-proline (VPP) and l-isoleucyl-l-prolyl-L-proline (IPP) derived from bovine casein have been reported to prevent inflammatory changes and mitigate insulin resistance in adipocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of casein hydrolysates (CH) containing VPP and IPP on a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and cytokine TNF-α-induced adipocytes. Our data showed that CH alleviated chronic inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. 4% CH suppressed HFD-induced systemic inflammatory factors, hypertrophic white adipocytes, and macrophage infiltration. More importantly, CH was able to improve adipocyte dysfunction induced by TNF-α by increasing the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBP-α) rather than peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ). Furthermore, CH also dose-dependently suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and enhanced the phosphorylation of Erk 1/2, but not nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation, in TNF-α-induced 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicated that CH could ameliorate adipose chronic inflammation through the MAPK pathway. Altogether, our findings suggested that 4% CH supplementation for 6 weeks exerted a protective role in preventing obesity-related inflammation and adipose dysfunction.

Parent/caregiver reported health-related functioning in Chinese children with epilepsy: A cross-sectional, parents-responded, hospital-based study.

Due to epilepsy, children have faced several difficulties and challenges. Epilepsy shows an impact on a person quality of life (QoL) which can be associated with psychological, physical, and social aspects and can have a greater impact on the QoL of the person than that do through another chronic disease(s). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept that includes emotional, mental, physical, behavioral, and social aspects of the well-being and functioning of the patients. The objective of the study was to assess the level of HRQoL for childhood epilepsy in Chinese children under treatment for epilepsy. Also, to identify factors that can affect QoL. A descriptive, cross-sectional, parents-responded questionnaire-based study was performed on 382, 4 to 18 years old hospitalized and outpatient units' children from various backgrounds, varying socio-economic status, and of varying intellectual capability with the most recent epilepsy. The clinical and socio-demographic parameters were collected from medical records and by an interview with parents of children. The quality of life in the children with epilepsy (QoLCE) questionnaire-91 was used to access HRQoL. The average age of children was 10.4 ±â€…3.2 years. The duration of epilepsy in children was 3.90 ±â€…2.80 years. Among the enrolled children, 153 (40%) children were girls, and 229 (60%) individuals were boys. The overall QoLCE questionnaire-91 score was 69.40 ±â€…16.40 (minimum scores: 27.80, maximum scores: 87.80). A total of 324 (84%), 41 (11%), and 17 (5%) children were from urban, suburban, and rural types, respectively. The generalized seizure (198 (52%)) is the most common type of existing seizure followed by focal seizure (152 (40%)). Male (P = .015), older children (12-14 years, P = .019), those residing in urban areas (P = .021), and those with focal seizures (P = .049) had higher QoL scores. The overall QoL of Chinese CWE is affected by sex, age, urbanization, and seizure type but not with education or economic status of the families. The study provides helpful insight for the clinicians in the management of chronic childhood epileptic conditions (Level of Evidence: II; Technical Efficacy Stage: 5).

A study of the cognitive process of pedestrian avoidance behavior based on synchronous EEG and eye movement detection.

Pedestrian avoidance behavior often occurs in underground public spaces that connect urban rail transit and commercial complexes. This study proposes a co-monitoring method based on eye movement and electroencephalogram (EEG) to study pedestrian avoidance behavior in a real environment, taking the underground public space of the commercial complex of the Luoxiong Road railway station in Wuhan City as an experimental site. It is found that pedestrian avoidance behavior is influenced by both personal and environmental factors. The pedestrian avoidance behavior is a comprehensive response to the evaded person and the current environment. The personal factors mainly affect the pedestrian avoidance mode, while the environmental factors mainly affect the frequency of avoidance behavior. Avoidance patterns are related to the tendency of Chinese pedestrians to walk right, and the frequency of avoidance behavior is related to the complexity of the intersection of pedestrian walking routes within the environment, so avoidance behavior can be reduced by using spaces with good spatial connectivity in the design of underground public spaces. These findings provide theoretical support and data supplement for future environmental design optimization of underground public spaces.

Convenient tumor 3D spheroid arrays manufacturing via acoustic excited bubbles for in situ drug screening.

The quick and convenient fabrication of in vitro tumor spheroids models has been pursued for clinical drug discovery and personalized therapy. Here, uniform three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids are quickly constructed by acoustically excited bubble arrays in a microfluidic chip and performed drug response testing in situ. In detail, bubble oscillation excited by acoustic waves induces second radiation force, resulting in the cells rotating and aggregating into tumor spheroids, which obtain controllable sizes ranging from 30 to 300 µm. These spherical tumor models are located in microfluidic networks, where drug solutions with gradient concentrations are generated from 0 to 18 mg mL-1, so that the cell spheroids response to drugs can be monitored conveniently and efficiently. This one-step tumor spheroids manufacturing method significantly reduces the model construction time to less than 15 s and increases efficiency by eliminating additional transfer processes. These significant advantages of convenience and high-throughput manufacturing make the tumor models promising for use in tumor treatment and point-of-care diagnosis.

Bacterial community analysis of infant foods obtained from Chinese markets by combining culture-dependent and high-throughput sequence methods.

In this study, twenty-two baby foods including cereal-based products and powdered infant formula (PIF) obtained from local markets were comprehensively investigated for their bacterial contamination using culture-dependent and high-throughput sequence (HTS) methods. In addition, the genetic diversity and biofilm-forming capacity of the most abundant species were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and crystal violet staining assay, respectively. Results showed that 170 mesophilic isolates collected from 22 samples were clustered into 15 genera and 41 species. Bacillus (77.65%) was the most prevalent genus, followed by Paenibacillus (7.06%), Alkalibacillus (3.53%), and Lysinibacillus (2.35%). Bacillus licheniformis (49.41%) proved to be the most dominant species in infant foods, and a high genetic diversity with six different RAPD profiles was observed. A total of 87.5% of B. licheniformis isolates were identified as strong biofilm formers, and heterogeneous biofilm-forming ability was observed among the isolates sharing the same RAPD pattern. HTS analysis revealed an 18-fold higher biodiversity at the genus level, and a significantly different bacterial community of infant foods was dominated by Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium. Foodborne pathogens including Bacillus cereus, and potentially pathogenic microorganisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, were identified in infant foods by HTS. The current results could expand the crucial information about bacterial contamination of baby foods.

Biofilm-based delivery approaches and specific enrichment strategies of probiotics in the human gut.

The use of probiotics has been one of the effective strategies to restructure perturbed human gut microbiota following a disease or metabolic disorder. One of the biggest challenges associated with the use of probiotic-based gut modulation strategies is to keep the probiotic cells viable and stable during the gastrointestinal transit. Biofilm-based probiotics delivery approaches have emerged as fascinating modes of probiotic delivery in which probiotics show significantly greater tolerance and biotherapeutic potential, and interestingly probiotic biofilms can be developed on food-grade surfaces too, which is ideal for the growth and proliferation of bacterial cells for incorporation into food matrices. In addition, biofilms can be further encapsulated with food-grade materials or with bacterial self-produced biofilms. This review presents a newly emerging and unprecedently discussed techniques for the safe delivery of probiotics based on biofilms and further discusses newly emerging prebiotic materials which target specific gut microbiota groups for growth and proliferation.

[Corrigendum] Nogo­B promotes the epithelial­mesenchymal transition in HeLa cervical cancer cells via Fibulin­5.

Following the publication of the above article, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that the 'NB­4' and 'NB­2' panels for the invasion and migration assays shown in Fig. 3B and C on p. 113 appeared to contain overlapping data, such that the data may have been derived from the same original source, even though the panels were intending to have shown results obtained under different experimental conditions. The authors have re­examined their raw data and realized that these data were inadvertently mixed up when Fig. 3B and C were assembled. A corrected version of Fig. 3, showing the data as they should have appeared for the 'NB­4' and 'NB­2' invasion and migration assay experiments in Fig. 3B and C, is shown on the next page. The authors sincerely apologize for the errors that were introduced into Fig. 3 of the published article, and thank the Editor of Oncology Reports for allowing them the opportunity to publish a Corrigendum. All the authors agree to the publication of the authors, and they apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Oncology Reports 29: 109­116, 2013; DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2069].

Intraspecific and interspecific extracellular metabolites remodel biofilms formed by thermophilic spoilage bacteria.

AIMS: Thermophilic spoilage bacteria and their biofilms formed during milk powder processing posed threats to safety and quality of dairy products. This research aims to understand more about the bacterial behaviours and their social models in biofilms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Interactional effects from both extracellular metabolites and co-culture on biofilms formation of the contaminating thermophilic bacteria were determined. The results showed that strong biofilm formers always had high AI-2 activities, including Geobacillus stearothermophilus gs1, Bacillus licheniformis bl1 and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris tv1. Metabolites from themself or other species altered their biofilm biomass detected by crystal violet staining. Dual-species cultures observed by confocal laser scanning microscope indicated either synergistic or inhibitory effects between B. circulans bc1 and G. stearothermophilus gs1, as well as B. licheniformis bl1 and G. stearothermophilus gs1. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry results revealed the significant diversities in polysaccharides of the biofilm matrix. CONCLUSIONS: Cell communication played an important role on biofilm formation in the complex microbial community. Intraspecific and interspecific extracellular metabolites influenced collective bacterial behaviours under mixed circumstances. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: This research provided evidences on cell communication and biofilm formation of thermophilic bacteria in dairy industry.

Development of multi-species biofilm formed by thermophilic bacteria on stainless steel immerged in skimmed milk.

Thermophilic bacteria, such as Bacillus licheniformis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus Subtilis and Anoxybacillus flavithermus, are detected frequently in milk powder products. Biofilms of those strains act as a major contamination to milk powder manufactures and pose potential risks in food safety. In this study, we explored the developing process of multi-species biofilm formed by the four thermophilic bacteria on stainless steel immerged in skimmed milk. The results showed that the thermophilic strains possessed strong capacities to decompose proteins and lactose in skimmed milk, and the spoilage effects were superimposed from multiple strains. B. licheniformis was the most predominant species in the mixed-species biofilm after 12-h incubation. From 24 h to 48 h, G. stearothermophilus occupied the highest proportion. Within the multi-species biofilm, competitive relation existed between B. licheniformis and G. stearothermophilus, while synergistic impacts were observed between B. licheniformis and A. flavithermus. The interspecies mutual influences on biofilm development provided important evidences for understanding colonization of the predominant thermophilic bacteria during milk powder processing.

TINCR inhibits the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR-210/BTG2.

BACKGROUND: Terminal differentiation-induced ncRNA (TINCR) plays an essential role in epidermal differentiation and is involved in the development of various cancers. METHODS: qPCR was used to detect the expression level of TINCR in tissues and cell lines of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The potential targets of TINCR were predicted by the bioinformation website. The expression of miR-210 and BTG2 genes were detected by qPCR, and the protein levels of BTG2 and Ki-67 were evaluated by western blot. CCK-8 assay, scratch test, and transwell chamber were used to evaluate the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis ability of LSCC cells. The relationships among TINCR, miR-210, and BTG2 were investigated by bioinformatics software and luciferase reporter assay. The in vivo function of TINCR was accessed on survival rate and tumor growth in nude mice. RESULTS: We used qRT-PCR to detect the expression of TINCR in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues and cells and found significantly lower levels in cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Additionally, patients with high TINCR expression had a better prognosis. TINCR overexpression was observed to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of LSCC cells. TINCR was shown to exert its antiproliferation and invasion effects by adsorbing miR-210, which significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cells. Overexpression of miR-210 was determined to reverse the tumour-suppressive effects of TINCR. BTG2 (anti-proliferation factor 2) was identified as the target gene of miR-210, and BTG2 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of LSCC cells. BTG2 knockdown relieved the inhibitory effects of TINCR on the proliferation and invasion of LSCC. Finally, TINCR upregulation slowed xenograft tumour growth in nude mice and significantly increased survival compared with control mice. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that TINCR inhibits the proliferation and invasion of LSCC by regulating the miR-210/BTG2 pathway, participates in cell cycle regulation, and may become a target for the treatment of LSCC.

Peptide Analogues of VPP and IPP with Improved Glucose Uptake Activity in L6 Myotubes can be Released from Cereal Proteins.

VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) and IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) are two famous antihypertensive peptides with possible benefits for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was aimed to investigate the effect of peptide analogues of VPP and IPP on glucose uptake activity in L6 myotubes. The analogues were designed by replacing the N-terminal, middle, or C-terminal amino acid residues of VPP and IPP with one amino acid at a time from five amino acid groups (polar, nonpolar, basic, acidic, and aromatic amino acids). Among 26 tripeptides tested, IQP, IPQ, VPE, and VEP showed significantly higher glucose uptake activity than their parent peptides, and all were successfully released from rice proteins at the contents of 5415.82 ± 63.34, 1586.77 ± 14.94, 354.07 ± 6.56, and 596.10 ± 2.32 ng/mg dry basis, respectively, and quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS using multiple reaction monitoring. All four peptides were shown to promote glucose uptake via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway accompanied by glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) translocation rather than the insulin signaling pathway.