Left ventricular systolic dysfunction predicts clinical prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis.

BACKGROUND: Although intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolysis is the most effective early treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), outcomes vary greatly among patients. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is prone to distant organ ischemia and may be a predictor for poor prognosis in AIS patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Our aim was to investigate the predictivity of LVSD diagnosis (as measured by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)) on 90-day clinical outcomes in AIS patients undergoing thrombolysis. METHODS: The current prospective cohort study continuously enrolled 273 AIS patients from the National Stroke Prevention and Treatment Engineering Management Special Database who underwent IVT and completed echocardiography within 24 h of admission between 2021 and 2023. LVSD was examined by evaluation of the echocardiographic LVEF values using Simpson's biplane method of discs in line with international guidelines, and defined as a LVEF value < 50%. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression model was performed to analyze the association between LVEF and functional outcome at 3 months. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to examine the shape of the dose-response association between reduced LVEF and poor functional outcomes. Subgroup analysis was also employed to further verify the reliability and practicability of the results. RESULTS: Baseline data analysis showed LVSD patients had more comorbidities including on multivariate analyses, LVSD (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.24, P=0.014), pre-existing diabetes mellitus (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.90, P=0.023) and NIHSS on arrival (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.49, P<0.001) were independent predictors of poor functional outcomes (mRS ≥ 3) at 3 months. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression indicated a linear dose-response association between LVEF after IVT and poor functional outcomes (p for linearity < 0.001), with the optimal cutoff values of LVEF being 0.48. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding indicated that AIS patients with LVSD after IVT had poorer outcomes, suggesting the need to monitor and optimize LVEF in stroke management.

Highly Dispersed Ni Atoms and O3 Promote Room-Temperature Catalytic Oxidation.

Transition metal oxides are promising catalysts for catalytic oxidation reactions but are hampered by low room-temperature activities. Such low activities are normally caused by sparse reactive sites and insufficient capacity for molecular oxygen (O2) activation. Here, we present a dual-stimulation strategy to tackle these two issues. Specifically, we import highly dispersed nickel (Ni) atoms onto MnO2 to enrich its oxygen vacancies (reactive sites). Then, we use molecular ozone (O3) with a lower activation energy as an oxidant instead of molecular O2. With such dual stimulations, the constructed O3-Ni/MnO2 catalytic system shows boosted room-temperature activity for toluene oxidation with a toluene conversion of up to 98%, compared with the O3-MnO2 (Ni-free) system with only 50% conversion and the inactive O2-Ni/MnO2 (O3-free) system. This leap realizes efficient room-temperature catalytic oxidation of transition metal oxides, which is constantly pursued but has always been difficult to truly achieve.

Landscape of human organoids: Ideal model in clinics and research.

In the last decade, organoid research has entered a golden era, signifying a pivotal shift in the biomedical landscape. The year 2023 marked a milestone with the publication of thousands of papers in this arena, reflecting exponential growth. However, amid this burgeoning expansion, a comprehensive and accurate overview of the field has been conspicuously absent. Our review is intended to bridge this gap, providing a panoramic view of the rapidly evolving organoid landscape. We meticulously analyze the organoid field from eight distinctive vantage points, harnessing our rich experience in academic research, industrial application, and clinical practice. We present a deep exploration of the advances in organoid technology, underpinned by our long-standing involvement in this arena. Our narrative traverses the historical genesis of organoids and their transformative impact across various biomedical sectors, including oncology, toxicology, and drug development. We delve into the synergy between organoids and avant-garde technologies such as synthetic biology and single-cell omics and discuss their pivotal role in tailoring personalized medicine, enhancing high-throughput drug screening, and constructing physiologically pertinent disease models. Our comprehensive analysis and reflective discourse provide a deep dive into the existing landscape and emerging trends in organoid technology. We spotlight technological innovations, methodological evolution, and the broadening spectrum of applications, emphasizing the revolutionary influence of organoids in personalized medicine, oncology, drug discovery, and other fields. Looking ahead, we cautiously anticipate future developments in the field of organoid research, especially its potential implications for personalized patient care, new avenues of drug discovery, and clinical research. We trust that our comprehensive review will be an asset for researchers, clinicians, and patients with keen interest in personalized medical strategies. We offer a broad view of the present and prospective capabilities of organoid technology, encompassing a wide range of current and future applications. In summary, in this review we attempt a comprehensive exploration of the organoid field. We offer reflections, summaries, and projections that might be useful for current researchers and clinicians, and we hope to contribute to shaping the evolving trajectory of this dynamic and rapidly advancing field.

Multi-mode fault diagnosis datasets of gearbox under variable working conditions.

The gearbox is a critical component of electromechanical systems. The occurrence of multiple faults can significantly impact system accuracy and service life. The vibration signal of the gearbox is an effective indicator of its operational status and fault information. However, gearboxes in real industrial settings often operate under variable working conditions, such as varying speeds and loads. It is a significant and challenging research area to complete the gearbox fault diagnosis procedure under varying operating conditions using vibration signals. This data article presents vibration datasets collected from a gearbox exhibiting various fault degrees of severity and fault types, operating under diverse speed and load conditions. These faults are manually implanted into the gears or bearings through precise machining processes, which include health, missing teeth, wear, pitting, root cracks, and broken teeth. Several kinds of actual compound faults are also encompassed. The development of these datasets facilitates testing the effectiveness and reliability of newly developed fault diagnosis methods.

Ethanol responsive lnc171 promotes migration and invasion of HCC cells via mir-873-5p/ZEB1 axis.

BACKGROUNDS: Long nonconding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be a vital regulatory factor in the development process of human cancer, and could regarded as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for human cancers. Here, we aim to confirm the expression and molecular mechanism of RP11-171K16.5 (lnc171) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Screening of differentially expressed lncRNAs by RNA sequencing. Expression level of gene was studied by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of lnc171, mir-873-5p, and ethanol on migration and invasion activity of cells were studied used transwell assay, and luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding site. RESULTS: RNA sequencing showed that lnc171 was markedly up-regulated in HCC. siRNA-mediated knockdown of lnc171 repressed the migration and invasion ability of HCC cells. Bioinformatic analysis, dual luciferase reporter assay, and qRT-PCR indicated that lnc171 interacted with mir-873-5p in HCC cells, and Zin-finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB1) was a downstream target gene of mir-873-5p. In addition, lnc171 could enhance migration and invasion ability of HCC cells by up-regulating ZEB1 via sponging mir-873-5p. More interestingly, ethanol stimulation could up-regulate the increase of lnc171, thereby regulating the expression of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network factors which lnc171 participated in HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our date demonstrates that lnc171 was a responsive factor of ethanol, and plays a vital role in development of HCC via binding of mir-873-5p.

Strictosamide promotes wound healing through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Nauclea officinalis, as a Chinese medicine in Hainan province, had the effect of treating lower limb ulcers, burn infections. In this paper, we studied the effect of Strictosamide (STR), the main bioactive compound in Nauclea officinals, on wound healing and explored its internal mechanism. Firstly, the wound healing potential of STR was evaluated in a rat model, demonstrating its ability to expedite wound healing, mitigate inflammatory infiltration, and enhance collagen deposition. Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that STR up-regulated the expression of CD31 and PCNA. Subsequently, target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene ontology (GO), and pathway enrichment analyses were used to obtain potential targets, specific biological processes, and molecular mechanisms of STR for the potential treatment of wound healing. Furthermore, molecular docking was conducted to predict the binding affinity between STR and its associated targets. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that STR could increase the expression of P-PI3K, P-AKT and P-mTOR by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In summary, this study provided a new explanation for the mechanism by which STR promotes wound healing through network pharmacology, suggesting that STR may be a new candidate for treating wound.

Single-cell transcriptional profiling in osteosarcoma and the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the tumor microenvironment.

Osteosarcoma (OS), a malignant tumor, originates from the bone marrow. Currently, treatment for OS remains limited, making it urgent to understand the immune response in the tumor microenvironment of patients with OS. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed, including cell clustering subgroups, differential expression genes screening, proposed temporal order, and genomic variant analysis on single-cell RNA-sequencing data, from ten pre-chemotherapy patients and eleven post-chemotherapy patients. Subsequently, we analyzed the differentiation trajectories of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, myeloid cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in detail to compare the changes in cell proportions and differential genes pre- and post-chemotherapy. The nine cell types were identified, including fibroblasts, myeloid cells, osteoblasts, TILs, osteoclasts, proliferative osteoblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, and B cells. Post-chemotherapy treatment, the proportions of myeloid cells and TILs in OS were declined, while the number of osteoblasts was elevated. Besides, a decrease was observed in CD74, FTL, FTH1, MT1X and MT2A, and an increase in PTN, COL3A1, COL1A1, IGFBP7 and FN1. Meanwhile, EMT, DNA repair, G2M checkpoint, and E2F targets were highly enriched post-chemotherapy. Furthermore, there was a down-regulation in the proportions of CD14 monocytes, Tregs, NK cells and CD1C-/CD141-DCs, while an up-regulation was observed in the proportions of SELENOP macrophages, IL7R macrophages, COL1A1 macrophages, CD1C DCs, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Overall, these findings revealed changes in the tumor microenvironment of OS post-chemotherapy treatment, providing a new direction for investigating OS treatment.

Clinical application of digital technology in the use of anterolateral thigh lobulated perforator flaps to repair complex soft tissue defects of the limbs.

Background: It is challenging to repair wide or irregular defects with traditional skin flaps, and anterolateral thigh (ALT) lobulated perforator flaps are an ideal choice for such defects. However, there are many variations in perforators, so good preoperative planning is very important. This study attempted to explore the feasibility and clinical effect of digital technology in the use of ALT lobulated perforator flaps for repairing complex soft tissue defects in limbs. Methods: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed on 28 patients with complex soft tissue defects of the limbs, and the CTA data were imported into Mimics 20.0 software in DICOM format. According to the perforation condition of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the size of the limb defect, one thigh that had two or more perforators from the same source vessel was selected for 3D reconstruction of the ALT lobulated perforator flap model. Mimics 20.0 software was used to visualize the vascular anatomy, virtual design and harvest of the flap before surgery. The intraoperative design and excision of the ALT lobulated perforator flap were guided by the preoperative digital design, and the actual anatomical observations and measurements were recorded. Results: Digital reconstruction was successfully performed in all patients before surgery; this reconstruction dynamically displayed the anatomical structure of the flap vasculature and accurately guided the design and harvest of the flap during surgery. The parameters of the harvested flaps were consistent with the preoperative parameters. Postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients, but all flaps survived uneventfully. All of the donor sites were closed directly. All patients were followed up for 13-27 months (mean, 19.75 months). The color and texture of each flap were satisfactory and each donor site exhibited a linear scar. Conclusions: Digital technology can effectively and precisely assist in the design and harvest of ALT lobulated perforator flaps, provide an effective approach for individualized evaluation and flap design and reduce the risk and difficulty of surgery.

Multiple Mucosal Ulcers Induced by Ixekizumab: A Case Report.

OBJECTIVES: Ixekizumab, an interleukin (IL)-17A inhibitor, exerts its therapeutic effects in psoriasis by inhibiting the interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway. Common adverse reactions to ixekizumab include injection site reactions and upper respiratory tract infections (URIs), while occurrences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and multiple mucosal ulcers are infrequent. We present a case of a 51-year-old man who developed multiple mucosal ulcers after ixekizumab treatment. METHODS: A 51-year-old man presented to our hospital with a 1-month history of pharyngalgia. The flexible laryngoscope displayed mild hyperemia in the pharyngeal mucosa and tonsils, redness and swelling of the epiglottis, as well as multiple ulcers in the oral cavity, uvula, and epiglottis. These ulcers did not improve with conventional treatment. RESULTS: Upon evaluation, the ulcers were an immune-related adverse event induced by ixekizumab. Consequently, a decision was made to discontinue the drug and initiate a therapeutic regimen including corticosteroids and thalidomide. Eventually, the patient's symptoms abated. CONCLUSIONS: Biologics are now becoming increasingly popular in psoriasis. It is vital for clinicians to be aware of this potential adverse event and to identify and intervene early to alleviate patients' suffering.

Multi-omics analyses provide insights into the genomic basis of differentiation among four sweet osmanthus groups.

Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) is famous in China for its flowers and contains four groups: Albus, Luteus, Aurantiacus, and Asiaticus. Understanding the relationships among these groups and the genetic mechanisms of flower color and aroma biosynthesis are of tremendous interest. In this study, we sequenced representative varieties from two of the four sweet osmanthus groups. Multi-omic and phylogenetic analyses of varieties from each of the four groups showed that Asiaticus split first within the species, followed by Aurantiacus and the sister groups Albus and Luteus. We show that the difference in flower color between Aurantiacus and the other three groups was caused by a 4-bp deletion in the promoter region of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (OfCCD4) that leads to expression decrease. In addition, we identified 44 gene pairs exhibiting significant structural differences between the multi-seasonal flowering variety 'Rixianggui' in the Asiaticus group and other autumn flowering varieties. Through correlation analysis between intermediate products of aromatic components and gene expression, we identified eight genes associated with the linalool, α- and ß-ionone biosynthesis pathways. Overall, our study offers valuable genetic resources for sweet osmanthus, while also providing genetic clues for improving the flower color and multi-season flowering of osmanthus and other flowers.

Scale-Aware Edge-Preserving Full Waveform Inversion with Diffusion Filter for Crosshole Sensor Arrays.

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is recognized as a leading data-fitting methodology, leveraging the detailed information contained in physical waveform data to construct accurate, high-resolution velocity models essential for crosshole surveys. Despite its effectiveness, FWI is often challenged by its sensitivity to data quality and inherent nonlinearity, which can lead to instability and the inadvertent incorporation of noise and extraneous data into inversion models. To address these challenges, we introduce the scale-aware edge-preserving FWI (SAEP-FWI) technique, which integrates a cutting-edge nonlinear anisotropic hybrid diffusion (NAHD) filter within the gradient computation process. This innovative filter effectively reduces noise while simultaneously enhancing critical small-scale structures and edges, significantly improving the fidelity and convergence of the FWI inversion results. The application of SAEP-FWI across a variety of experimental and authentic crosshole datasets clearly demonstrates its effectiveness in suppressing noise and preserving key scale-aware and edge-delineating features, ultimately leading to clear inversion outcomes. Comparative analyses with other FWI methods highlight the performance of our technique, showcasing its ability to produce images of notably higher quality. This improvement offers a robust solution that enhances the accuracy of subsurface imaging.

Evidence and Practical Applications of Site Occupancy Theory (SOT) of Eu3+ in Scheelite Compounds.

The determination of the site occupancy of activators in phosphors is essential for precise synthesis, understanding the relationship between their luminescence properties and crystal structure, and tailoring their properties by modifying the host composition. Herein, one simple method was proposed to help determine the sites at which the doping of rare earth ions or transition metal ions occupies in the host lattice through site occupancy theory (SOT) for ions doped into the matrix lattice. SOT was established based on the fact that doping ions preferentially occupy the sites with the lowest bonding energy deviations. In order to provide detailed experimental evidence to prove the feasibility of SOT, several scheelite-type compounds were successfully synthesized using a high-temperature solid-phase method. When Eu3+ ions occupy a similar surrounding environment site, the photoluminescence spectra of the activators Eu3+ are similar. Therefore, by comparing the intensity ratio of photoluminescence spectra and the mechanism of all transitions of KEu(WO4)2, KY(WO4)2:Eu3+, Na5Eu(WO4)4, and Na5Y(WO4)4:Eu3+, it was proved that SOT can successfully confirm the site occupation when doped ions enter the matrix lattice. SOT was further applied to the sites occupied by Eu3+ ion-doped LiAl(MoO4)2 and LiLu(MoO4)2.

Inorganic Composition Modulation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Fast Charging Lithium Metal Batteries.

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with lithium fluoride (LiF) is critical to the performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to its high stability and mechanical properties. However, the low Li ion conductivity of LiF impedes the rapid diffusion of Li ions in the SEI, which leads to localized Li ion oversaturation dendritic deposition and hinders the practical applications of LMBs at high-current regions (>3 C). To address this issue, a fluorophosphated SEI rich with fast ion-diffusing inorganic grain boundaries (LiF/Li3P) is introduced. By utilizing a sol electrolyte that contains highly dispersed porous LiF nanoparticles modified with phosphorus-containing functional groups, a fluorophosphated SEI is constructed and the presence of electrochemically active Li within these fast ion-diffusing grain boundaries (GBs-Li) that are non-nucleated is demonstrated, ensuring the stability of the Li || NCM811 cell for over 1000 cycles at fast-charging rates of 5 C (11 mA cm-2). Additionally, a practical, long cycling, and intrinsically safe LMB pouch cell with high energy density (400 Wh kg-1) is fabricated. The work reveals how SEI components and structure design can enable fast-charging LMBs.

Large-scale whole-exome sequencing of neuropsychiatric diseases and traits in 350,770 adults.

While numerous genomic loci have been identified for neuropsychiatric conditions, the contribution of protein-coding variants has yet to be determined. Here we conducted a large-scale whole-exome-sequencing study to interrogate the impact of protein-coding variants on 46 neuropsychiatric diseases and 23 traits in 350,770 adults from the UK Biobank. Twenty new genes were associated with neuropsychiatric diseases through coding variants, among which 16 genes had impacts on the longitudinal risks of diseases. Thirty new genes were associated with neuropsychiatric traits, with SYNGAP1 showing pleiotropic effects across cognitive function domains. Pairwise estimation of genetic correlations at the coding-variant level highlighted shared genetic associations among pairs of neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. Lastly, a comprehensive multi-omics analysis suggested that alterations in brain structures, blood proteins and inflammation potentially contribute to the gene-phenotype linkages. Overall, our findings characterized a compendium of protein-coding variants for future research on the biology and therapeutics of neuropsychiatric phenotypes.

Genetic associations of protein-coding variants in venous thromboembolism.

Previous genetic studies of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been largely limited to common variants, leaving the genetic determinants relatively incomplete. We performed an exome-wide association study of VTE among 14,723 cases and 334,315 controls. Fourteen known and four novel genes (SRSF6, PHPT1, CGN, and MAP3K2) were identified through protein-coding variants, with broad replication in the FinnGen cohort. Most genes we discovered exhibited the potential to predict future VTE events in longitudinal analysis. Notably, we provide evidence for the additive contribution of rare coding variants to known genome-wide polygenic risk in shaping VTE risk. The identified genes were enriched in pathways affecting coagulation and platelet activation, along with liver-specific expression. The pleiotropic effects of these genes indicated the potential involvement of coagulation factors, blood cell traits, liver function, and immunometabolic processes in VTE pathogenesis. In conclusion, our study unveils the valuable contribution of protein-coding variants in VTE etiology and sheds new light on its risk stratification.

Treatment outcomes amongst older people with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVES: There is conflicting data regarding the response of older people with HIV (PWH) to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term immunological and virological responses, changes in regimen, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older participants (50+ years) compared with younger (18-34 years) and middle-aged (35-49 years) PWH. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on 1622 participants who received ART in Yunnan Province, China, from 2010 to 2019. The study compared CD4+ T-cell counts, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and relative numbers between different groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify variables associated with the occurrence of immune reconstitution insufficiency. The rates of immune reconstitution, incidence of ADRs, and rates of treatment change were analyzed using the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Over 95% achieved viral load 200 copies/ml or less, with no age-related difference. However, older participants exhibited significantly lower CD4+ T-cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ recovery post-ART (P < 0.001), with only 32.21% achieving immune reconstitution (compared with young: 52.16%, middle-aged: 39.29%, P < 0.001) at the end of follow-up. Middle-aged and elderly participants changed ART regimens more because of ADRs, especially bone marrow suppression and renal dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Although the virological response was consistent across age groups, older individuals showed poorer immune responses and higher susceptibility to side effects. This underscores the need for tailored interventions and comprehensive management for older patients with HIV.

Challenges in Diagnosing and Treating Subperiosteal Orbital Hematoma Secondary to Sinusitis: A Case.

Subperiosteal orbital hematoma secondary to sinusitis is rare. Thus far, 19 cases of this disease have been reported, of which none involved postoperative skin anesthesia in the region innervated by the supraorbital nerve. In this article, for the first time we report a case of subperiosteal orbital hematoma secondary to sinusitis with skin anesthesia in the area innervated by the supraorbital nerve after surgery.

Substance P in the medial amygdala regulates aggressive behaviors in male mice.

Behavioral and clinical studies have revealed a critical role of substance P (SP) in aggression; however, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying SP and aggression remain elusive. Here, we show that tachykinin-expressing neurons in the medial amygdala (MeATac1 neurons) are activated during aggressive behaviors in male mice. We identified MeATac1 neurons as a key mediator of aggression and found that MeATac1→ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl) projections are critical to the regulation of aggression. Moreover, SP/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) signaling in the VMHvl modulates aggressive behaviors in male mice. SP/NK-1R signaling regulates aggression by influencing glutamate transmission in neurons in the VMHvl. In summary, these findings place SP as a key node in aggression circuits.

Global, regional, and national burden of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for facial fractures from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

BACKGROUND: Facial fractures are common injuries causing cosmetic, functional, and psychological damage. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of facial fractures from 1990 to 2019 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD). METHODS: Detailed data for the disease burden of facial fractures were obtained from online available public data (Global Health Data Exchange) derived from the GBD study. The incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of facial fractures from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed by country, region, age, gender, sociodemographic index (SDI), and cause. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized YLDs rate (ASYR), and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the disease burden and quantify the trends over time. The main causes of facial fractures in different years and ages were assessed. RESULTS: Globally, there were 8.9 million incident cases, 1.5 million cases prevalent cases, and 98.1 thousand years YLDs in 2019. Compared with 1990, the number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and YLDs increased, while ASIR (EAPC, - 0.47; 95% uncertainty interval [UI], - 0.57 to - 0.37), ASPR (EAPC, - 0.39; 95% UI, - 0.46 to - 0.31), ASYR (EAPC, - 0.39; 95% UI, - 0.47 to - 0.32) showed a downward trend. The high SDI region held the highest ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR both in 1990 and 2019, such as New Zealand, Slovenia, and Australia. The burden was higher in men than in women from 1990 to 2019, while the ASRs in women exceeded that of men in the elderly. The ASIR peaked in the young adult group, however, the ASPR and ASYR increased with age. Falls and road injuries were the leading causes of facial fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Facial fractures continue to cause a heavy burden on public health worldwide. More targeted strategies need to be established to control the burden of facial fractures.

Optimizing cell voltage dependence on size of carbon nanotube-based electrodes in Na-ion and K-ion batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are gaining extensive attention as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries owing to their superior energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, the larger ionic radius of Na+ and K+ ions in comparison to Li+ ions poses a challenge in designing anode materials characterized by enduring structures and elevated voltage to facilitate the efficacy of high-performance NIBs and KIBs. Carbon nanomaterials, particularly carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have emerged as a potential candidate in anode materials. Herein, we used density functional theory calculations to study the cell voltage of CNTs in relation to Na-ion and K-ion storage as a function of CNT size. The adsorption energy profiles of both Na+@CNT and K+@CNT systems exhibit a descending trend concomitant with the increase in the CNT diameter, where Na+/K+ ion primarily prefers to adsorb in the interior wall of CNT. Conversely, the cell voltage for the Na and K system gradually increases with the increasing diameter of CNT, which can be attributed to the stronger electrostatic interaction validated by energy decomposition calculation. The voltage of Na-ion adsorbed on the inter wall of (10,10) CNT attains 1.29 V, close to the previously theoretical voltage of Li-ion on the same CNT (1.35 V), while the much lower voltage pertaining to K-ion adsorption on the inter wall of (10,10) CNT just stands at 0.59 V, suggesting the viability of CNT-based electrode for NIBs but not for KIBs. These findings lay a solid foundation for delineating the interrelationship between the voltage properties of CNT as prospective anode material and their structural characteristics, thereby expanding the application of CNT-based optoelectronic devices.