Assessment of Pathological Traits in DSM-5 Personality Disorders By the DAPP-BQ: How Do These Traits Relate to the Six Personality Disorder Types of the Alternative Model?

The six personality disorder (PD) types in DSM-5 section III are intended to resemble their DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II PD counterparts, but are now described by the level of personality functioning (criterion A) and an assigned trait profile (criterion B). However, concerns have been raised about the validity of these PD types. The present study examined the continuity between the DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II PDs and the corresponding trait profiles of the six DSM-5 section III PDs in a sample of 350 Dutch psychiatric patients. Facets of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) were presumed as representations (proxies) of the DSM-5 section III traits. Correlational patterns between the DAPP-BQ and the six PDs were consistent with previous research between DAPP-BQ and DSM-IV PDs. Moreover, DAPP-BQ proxies were able to predict the six selected PDs. However, the assigned trait profile for each PD didn't fully match the corresponding PD.

The DSM-5 Trait Measure in a Psychiatric Sample of Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Structure, Reliability, and Validity.

The inclusion of a dimensional trait model of personality pathology in DSM-5 creates new opportunities for research on developmental antecedents of personality pathology. The traits of this model can be measured with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), initially developed for adults, but also demonstrating validity in adolescents. The present study adds to the growing body of literature on the psychometrics of the PID-5, by examining its structure, validity, and reliability in 187 psychiatric-referred late adolescents and emerging adults. PID-5, Big Five Inventory, and Kidscreen self-reports were provided, and 88 non-clinical matched controls completed the PID-5. Results confirm the PID-5's five-factor structure, indicate adequate psychometric properties, and underscore the construct and criterion validity, showing meaningful associations with adaptive traits and quality of life. Results are discussed in terms of the PID-5's applicability in vulnerable populations who are going through important developmental transition phases, such as the step towards early adulthood.

Psychometric properties of the Dutch Anxiety Change Expectancy Scale (ACES-NL)

Research demonstrates that patients’ expectations about treatment outcome are an important predictor of actual psychotherapeutic treatment outcome. So far, only few psychometrically sound expectancy questionnaires are available to assess treatment expectancy. The Anxiety Change Expectancy Scale (ACES) is a promising 20-item questionnaire which measures patients’ expectations about being able to change anxiety regarding and regardless from treatment. Psychometric properties of the Dutch language version of the ACES (ACES-NL) are investigated in 212 patients referred to a mental health institute because of suspected anxiety disorders. Reliability (i.e., internal consistency, inter-item, test-retest reliability) is investigated. Validity is examined in terms of internal structure and relations with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Self-Efficacy Scale (SES). Reliability statistics are good to excellent. Factor analysis reveals a one factor solution. Meaningful relations with relevant MMPI-2-RF scales are established. BHS and SES scores demonstrate satisfactory concurrent and discriminant validity. Treatment outcome expectancy is discussed against the background of relevant models. Further research on predictive validity of the ACES-NL is warranted (AU)

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