RESUMEN
Background: A proper diet plan is one of the necessary conditions for maintaining the children's health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of pasteurized cow's milk fortified with albumin protein in primary-school children, in Yasuj, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial with 12 weeks of duration, 60 children aged 7-13 years, mild to moderate underweight (-1≥ weight-for-age z-score ≥-3), were randomly assigned to control and albumin groups. The albumin group and the control group received 200 cc of milk with 10 g of albumin powder and 200 cc of milk with 10 g of cornstarch powder, respectively. At the beginning and end of the study, food intake and anthropometric indices were measured. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, none of the anthropometric indices (weight, weight-for-age z-score, body mass index (BMI), BMI-for-age z-score, and waist circumference) showed significant changes as compared to baseline in the control group, but weight-for-age z-score and BMI-for-age z-score showed significant increase as compared to baseline in the albumin group (before: -2.25 ± 0.40, after: -1.98 ± 0.35, P = 0.001 and before: -3.48 ± 0.86, after: -3.06 ± 0.71, P = 0.009, respectively). The comparison of the mean changes between the two groups showed significant difference regarding weight-for-age z-score (control group: -1.70 ± 0.31 in comparison with albumin group: -1.98 ± 0.35, P = 0.002), BMI (control group: 12.08 ± 1.96 in comparison with albumin group: 12.13 ± 1.49, P = 0.03), and BMI-for-age z-score (control group: -3.11 ± 0.91 in comparison with albumin group: -3.06 ± 0.71, P = 0.02). Conclusion: The consumption of albumin powder with milk can improve weight-for-age z-score and BMI-for-age z-score indices in children with mild-to-moderate underweight. Larger controlled interventional studies with longer duration are recommended.
RESUMEN
We aimed to evaluate the effect of spirulina sauce on glycemic indices, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, and anthropometric measurement in type 2 diabetic patients. Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive 20 g/day spirulina sauce (containing 2 g of spirulina) or placebo for 2 months. Anthropometric and biochemical indices were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. Fasting blood glucose (mean difference (MD): -15.3 mg/dL, 95% confidence (CI): -44.2 to 13.60, p = .26), HbA1c (MD: 0.13%, 95% CI: -0.83 to 0.57, p = .75), insulin (MD: -1.46 µIU/mL, 95% CI: -4.0 to 1.09, p = .28), and HOMA-IR (MD: -0.35, 95% CI: -2.0 to 1.32, p = .68) did not change significantly between groups. QUICKI increased significantly (MD: 0.025, 95% CI: 0.006 to 0.045, p = .03). Among the lipid profile, triglyceride (TG) (MD: -68.6 mg/dL, 95% CI: -107.21 to -29.98, p < .001), total cholesterol (MD: -29.55 mg/dL, 95% CI: -55.28 to -3.81, p = .02), and LDL (MD: -17.7 mg/dL, 95% CI: -33.24 to -2.15, p = .01) were significantly decreased in the spirulina group compared to the control; whereas, the change in HDL was non-significant. No significant change was observed in body composition and anthropometric measurements, except waist circumference, which was reduced (MD: -2.65 cm, 95% CI: -3.91 to -1.38, p = .001). Hunger index significantly decreased and fullness increased marginally significantly. Although malondialdehyde was significantly reduced, no change was observed in total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Spirulina sauce was not effective for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes; however, could be useful for controlling appetite and ameliorating lipid profile.
RESUMEN
Objectives:Diabetes mellitus is leading to chronic complications, including cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Sitagliptin and Glibenclamide on glycemic markers, lipid profile inflammatory, and oxidative stress factors in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This double-blinded randomized controlled trial was performed on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=54). The treatment group (27 patients) received 100 mg of Sitagliptin once daily + 500 mg Metformin twice daily, orally, for 12 weeks, and the control group (27 patients) was given 5 mg of Glibenclamide once daily + 500 mg Metformin twice daily, also orally, for 12 weeks. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profile [cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG)], fasting blood sugar (FBS) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured before and after the study. Results:In both groups, the FBS level was significantly reduced from baseline (P=0.03 in the Sitagliptin group and P=0.02 in the Glibenclamide one). The percent of HbA1c was also significantly reduced from baseline in both the Sitagliptin group (P=0.01) and the Glibenclamide one (P=0.008). However, comparing the groups, these changes were not different. In the Sitagliptin group, IL-6 was significantly reduced from baseline (P=0.01) as well as in comparison with the Glibenclamide group (P=0.001). The TG level was significantly lower than the baseline in the Sitagliptin group (P=0.03), so changes between groups were significant (P=0.04). Weight and BMI were significantly increased from baseline in the Glibenclamide group (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively), and their changes between the two groups were also significant (P=0.001). Conclusion:These finding support the favorable effects of Sitagliptin on cardiovascular risks beyond its advantages on insulin-glucose hemostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
