Plasma lipidome and risk of atrial fibrillation: results from the PREDIMED trial

The potential role of the lipidome in atrial fibrillation (AF) development is still widely unknown. We aimed to assess the association between lipidome profiles of the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial participants and incidence of AF. We conducted a nested case–control study (512 incident centrally adjudicated AF cases and 735 controls matched by age, sex, and center). Baseline plasma lipids were profiled using a Nexera X2 U-HPLC system coupled to an Exactive Plus orbitrap mass spectrometer. We estimated the association between 216 individual lipids and AF using multivariable conditional logistic regression and adjusted the p values for multiple testing. We also examined the joint association of lipid clusters with AF incidence. Hitherto, we estimated the lipidomics network, used machine learning to select important network-clusters and AF-predictive lipid patterns, and summarized the joint association of these lipid patterns weighted scores. Finally, we addressed the possible interaction by the randomized dietary intervention.Forty-one individual lipids were associated with AF at the nominal level (p < 0.05), but no longer after adjustment for multiple-testing. However, the network-based score identified with a robust data-driven lipid network showed a multivariable-adjusted ORper+1SD of 1.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.16–1.51; p < 0.001). The score included PC plasmalogens and PE plasmalogens, palmitoyl-EA, cholesterol, CE 16:0, PC 36:4;O, and TG 53:3. No interaction with the dietary intervention was found. A multilipid score, primarily made up of plasmalogens, was associated with an increased risk of AF. Future studies are needed to get further insights into the lipidome role on AF. (AU)

A comparison of the nutritional profile and price of gluten-free products and their gluten-containing counterparts available in the Spanish market / Comparación del perfil nutricional y del precio de los productos sin gluten y sus homólogos con gluten disponibles en el mercado español

BACKGROUND: to date, gluten-free (GF) diet is the only treatment available for individuals with celiac disease. Both individual and collective food intake assessments are a challenge because a food composition database of GF products (GFPs) is lacking. OBJECTIVES: to describe the process of developing a food composition database of GFPs, and to compare the nutritional profile and price of some GFPs and non-GFPs. METHODS: initially, a total of 216 brands of GFPs marketed in Spain were recorded. Nutritional information was collected from nutritional labels and product fact sheets that had been provided by food companies or collected first-hand by researchers. Then, the nutritional profile and price of the cereal and cereal byproducts foodstuff groups, including 19 types of products, were compared. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical program (22.0 edition; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: a total of 2,247 GFPs from 126 different foodstuff brands were included in the food composition database of GFPs (CELIAC-BASE). We classified these products into 14 foodstuff groups. The protein content of the GFPs studied was significantly lower, and the price was higher, than that of their non-GFP counterparts. Some, but not all, GFPs had a higher content of fat and sugar, and a lower content of dietary fiber as compared to their non-GFP counterparts. Some GFPs were up to 6 times more expensive than the corresponding non-GFPs. CONCLUSIONS: CELIAC-BASE is a pioneering tool for dietitians. Many GFPs have poor nutritional profiles and should be consumed only occasionally in a balanced GF diet

INTRODUCCIÓN: hasta la fecha, una dieta sin gluten (SG) es el único tratamiento para las personas con enfermedad celíaca. Tanto las evaluaciones de ingesta de alimentos individuales como las colectivas son un desafío debido a la falta de una base de datos de composición de productos SG (PSG). OBJETIVOS: describir el proceso de desarrollo de una base de datos de composición de PSG y comparar el perfil nutricional y el precio de algunos PSG y productos con gluten. MÉTODOS: inicialmente, se registraron un total de 216 marcas de PSG comercializadas en España. La información nutricional se recopiló de las etiquetas nutricionales y hojas informativas de los productos, que habían sido proporcionadas por las compañías de alimentos o recopiladas de primera mano por los investigadores. Luego, se compararon el perfil nutricional y el precio de los grupos de cereales y subproductos alimenticios, incluidos 19 tipos de productos. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS (edición 22.0; SPSS, Chicago, IL, EUA). RESULTADOS: se incluyeron un total de 2247 PSG de 126 marcas de alimentos diferentes en la base de datos de composición de PSG (CELIAC-BASE). Clasificamos estos productos en 14 grupos de alimentos. El contenido de proteínas de los PSG estudiados fue significativamente menor, y el precio de los mismos fue más alto, que el de sus homólogos con gluten. Algunos PSG, pero no todos, presentaron un mayor contenido de grasa y azúcar, y un menor contenido de fibra dietética, que sus homólogos con gluten. Algunos PSG eran hasta 6 veces más caros que sus homólogos con gluten. CONCLUSIONES: CELIAC-BASE es una herramienta pionera para dietistas-nutricionistas. Muchos PSG tienen perfiles nutricionales no saludables y deben consumirse solo ocasionalmente en una dieta equilibrada libre de gluten