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1.
Toxics ; 12(7)2024 Jun 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39058128

RESUMEN

Exposure to arsenic (As) is a public health problem associated with cancer (skin and colon) and it has been reported that epigenetic changes may be a potential mechanism of As carcinogenesis. It is pertinent to evaluate this process in genes that have been associated with cancer, such as ADAMTS9 and C18ORF8. Gestation and delivery data were obtained from the POSGRAD study. Exposure to As was measured in urine during pregnancy. Gene methylation was performed by sodium bisulfite sequencing; 26 CpG sites for the C18ORF8 gene and 21 for ADAMTS9 were analyzed. These sites are located on the CpG islands near the start of transcription. Sociodemographic characteristics were obtained by a questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed using multiple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Newborns with an As exposure above 49.4 µg g-1 showed a decrease of 0.21% on the methylation rate in the sites CpG15, CpG19, and CpG21 of the C18ORF8 gene (adjusted ß = -0.21, p-value = 0.02). No statistically significant association was found between prenatal exposure to As and methylation of the ADAMTS9 gene. Prenatal exposure to As was associated with decreased DNA methylation at the CpG15, CpG19, and CpG21 sites of the C18ORF8 gene. These sites can provide information to elucidate epigenetic mechanisms associated with prenatal exposure to As and cancer.

2.
Biol Trace Elem Res ; 201(7): 3152-3161, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36074245

RESUMEN

Childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent health problem that involves multiple factors, particularly immunological and environmental. We evaluated the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on prenatal arsenic exposure on the risk of atopic dermatitis in preschool children as part of the POSGRAD (Prenatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplements, GRowth, And Development) clinical trial study in the city of Morelos, Mexico. Our study population included 300 healthy mother-child pairs. Of these, 146 were in the placebo group and 154 in the supplement group. Information on family history, health, and other variables was obtained through standardized questionnaires used during follow-up. Prenatal exposure to arsenic concentrations, which appear in maternal urine, was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. To assess the effect of prenatal arsenic exposure on AD risk, we ran a generalized estimating equation model for longitudinal data, adjusting for potential confounders, and testing for interaction by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy. The mean and SD (standard deviation) of arsenic concentration during pregnancy was 0.06 mg/L, SD (0.04 mg/L). We found a marginally significant association between prenatal arsenic exposure and AD (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.26); however, DHA supplementation during pregnancy modified the effect of arsenic on AD risk (p < 0.05). The results of this study strengthen the evidence that arsenic exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of atopic dermatitis early in life. However, supplementation with omega-e fatty acids during pregnancy could modify this association.


Asunto(s)
Arsénico , Dermatitis Atópica , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Arsénico/efectos adversos , Dermatitis Atópica/inducido químicamente , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos , México , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inducido químicamente , Vitaminas
3.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(4): 486-497, jul.-ago. 2021. tab, graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432282

RESUMEN

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento de los límites máximos permisibles de residuos de plaguicidas en alimentos del estado de Veracruz, así como evaluar el riesgo para la salud humana debido a su consumo. Material y métodos: Se midieron las concentraciones de residuos de plaguicidas en productos vegetales y se compararon con los valores establecidos como límites de seguridad en el marco regulatorio del uso de plaguicidas. Se calculó el cociente de peligro y sus posibles efectos a la salud. Resultados: El 14.8% de las muestras excedieron la concentración permitida. Se detectaron plaguicidas prohibidos (metamidofos, monocrotofos, triazofos y clorpirifos) que superaron las dosis de referencia establecidas, lo que pone en riesgo de sufrir posibles efectos a la salud del tipo neurológico, hepatotóxico y alteraciones endocrinas a la población. Conclusiones: Se encontraron residuos de plaguicidas altamente peligrosos en los alimentos, los cuales están prohibidos por los convenios internacionales ambientales derivado de su potencial para causar efectos a la salud y al medio ambiente, por lo cual es necesario su eliminación. El marco regulatorio de México debe actualizarse y ser dinámico conforme se avance en el conocimiento de los efectos adversos de los plaguicidas en la salud.


Abstract: Objective: Evaluate compliance with the maximum permissible limits for pesticide residues in food in the state of Veracruz, as well as the risk to human health due to its consumption. Materials and methods: The concentration of pesticide residues in plant products were measured for comparison with the values established as safety limits and the regulatory framework for the use of pesticides. The hazard quotient and its possible effect on health were calculated. Results: 14.8% of the samples exceeded the allowed concentration. We found banned pesticides (methamidophos, monochotophos, triazophos and chlorpyrifos) that exceeded the established references dose, which increase the risk of possible neurological, hepatotoxic and endocrine alterations in health. Conclusions: There is the presence of highly hazardous pesticides, which are prohibited by international environmental conventions due to their impact on health and the environment, which is why their elimination is necessary. The regulatory framework in Mexico must be updated and dynamic as the knowledge of the adverse health effects of pesticides advances.

4.
Salud Publica Mex ; 63(4): 486-497, 2021 Jun 18.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35077103

RESUMEN

Objective. Evaluate compliance with the maximum permissible limits for pesticide residues in food in the state of Veracruz, as well as the risk to human health due to its consumption. Materials and methods. The concentration of pesticide residues in plant products were measured for comparison with the values established as safety limits and the regulatory framework for the use of pesticides. The hazard quotient and its possible effect on health were calculated. Results. 14.8% of the samples exceeded the allowed concentration. We found banned pesticides (methamidophos, monochotophos, triazophos and chlorpyrifos) that exceeded the established references dose, which increase the risk of possible neurological, hepatotoxic and endocrine alterations in health. Conclusions. There is the presence of highly hazardous pesticides, which are prohibited by international environmental conventions due to their impact on health and the environment, which is why their elimination is necessary. The regulatory framework in Mexico must be updated and dynamic as the knowledge of the adverse health effects of pesticides advances.


Asunto(s)
Residuos de Plaguicidas , Plaguicidas , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Humanos , México , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Plaguicidas/análisis , Medición de Riesgo
5.
Pediatr Pulmonol ; 55(8): 2142-2149, 2020 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32510180

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that exposure to air pollutants affects lung growth and development and can result in poor respiratory health in early life. METHODS: We included a subsample of 772 Mexican preschoolers whose mothers participated in a Prenatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplements, GRowth, And Development birth cohort study with the aim to evaluate the impact of prenatal exposure to volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides on lung function measured by oscillation tests. The preschoolers were followed until 5 years of age. Anthropometric measurements and forced oscillation tests were performed at 36, 48, and 60 months of age. Information on sociodemographic and health characteristics was obtained during follow up. Prenatal exposure to volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides was evaluated using a land use regression models and the association between them was tested using a lineal regression and longitudinal linear mixed effect models adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Overall, the mean (standard deviation) of the measurements of respiratory system resistance and respiratory system reactance at 6, 8, and 10 Hz during the follow-up period was 11.3 (2.4), 11.1 (2.4), 10.3 (2.2) and -5.2 (1.6), -4.8 (1.7), and -4.6 hPa s L-1 (1.6), respectively. We found a significantly positive association between respiratory resistance (ßRrs6 = 0.011; 95%CI: 0.001, 0.023) (P < .05) and prenatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide and a marginally negatively association between respiratory reactance (ßXrs6 = -11.40 95%CI: -25.26, 1.17 and ßXrs8 = -11.91 95%CI: -26.51, 1.43) (P = .07) and prenatal exposure to xylene. CONCLUSION: Prenatal exposure to air pollutants was significantly associated with the alteration of lung function measured by oscillation tests in these preschool children.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Óxidos de Nitrógeno/toxicidad , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/toxicidad , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Pulmón/fisiología , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Óxidos de Nitrógeno/análisis , Embarazo , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis
6.
Salud Publica Mex ; 61(6): 798-808, 2019.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31869544

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute diarrheal disease (ADD) among children younger than five years of age living in localities with less than 100 000 inhabitants in Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012 and Ensanut 100k (2018). In Ensanut 100k, we evaluate the associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of both surveys and of the Mexican Meteorological System. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of ARI was 45.1% in 2012 vs. 32.9% in 2018. The decrease was significant among medium and high-income households. There were no changes in trends for ADD. Among households with lower EC, ARI was associated with roofing material, temperature, and rainy precipitation while ADD was associated with lack of piped water. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated prevalence of ARI has decreased in medium and high income households. Some households and weather conditions are associated with ARI and ADD.


OBJETIVO: Estimar y comparar las prevalencias de infec- ciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) y enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDA) en menores de cinco años, residentes en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes, mediante análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012 y la Ensanut 100k (2018). En la Ensanut 100k se evaluaron los factores asociados con IRA y EDA. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Análisis de ambas encuestas e información meteorológica de la Comisión Nacional del Agua. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia global estimada de IRA fue de 45.1% en 2012 vs. 32.9% en 2018. La disminución fue significativa en hogares de medianas y mayores capacidades económicas (CE). No se observaron cambios significativos para las EDA. En hogares con menores CE, las IRA se asociaron con material del techo y temperatura y las EDA con privación de agua entubada. CONCLUSIONES: Entre 2012 y 2018, la prevalencia de IRA disminuyó en hogares de medianas y mayores CE. Algunas condiciones de vivienda y meteorológicas se asocian con IRA y EDA.


Asunto(s)
Diarrea/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Encuestas Nutricionales , Densidad de Población , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo
7.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(6): 798-808, nov.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252168

RESUMEN

Resumen: Objetivo: Estimar y comparar las prevalencias de infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) y enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDA) en menores de cinco años, residentes en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes, mediante análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012 y la Ensanut 100k (2018). En la Ensanut 100k se evaluaron los factores asociados con IRA y EDA. Material y métodos: Análisis de ambas encuestas e información meteorológica de la Comisión Nacional del Agua. Resultados: La prevalencia global estimada de IRA fue de 45.1% en 2012 vs. 32.9% en 2018. La disminución fue significativa en hogares de medianas y mayores capacidades económicas (CE). No se observaron cambios significativos para las EDA. En hogares con menores CE, las IRA se asociaron con material del techo y temperatura y las EDA con privación de agua entubada. Conclusiones: Entre 2012 y 2018, la prevalencia de IRA disminuyó en hogares de medianas y mayores CE. Algunas condiciones de vivienda y meteorológicas se asocian con IRA y EDA.


Abstract: Objective: To compare the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute diarrheal disease (ADD) among children younger than five years of age living in localities with less than 100 000 inhabitants in Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012 and Ensanut 100k (2018). In Ensanut 100k, we evaluate the associated factors. Materials and methods: Analysis of both surveys and of the Mexican Meteorological System. Results: The estimated prevalence of ARI was 45.1% in 2012 vs. 32.9% in 2018. The decrease was significant among medium and high-income households. There were no changes in trends for ADD. Among households with lower EC, ARI was associated with roofing material, temperature, and rainy precipitation while ADD was associated with lack of piped water. Conclusions: The estimated prevalence of ARI has decreased in medium and high income households. Some households and weather conditions are associated with ARI and ADD.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Diarrea/epidemiología , Encuestas Nutricionales , Enfermedad Aguda , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Densidad de Población , México/epidemiología
8.
J Nutr ; 149(11): 2011-2019, 2019 11 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31334762

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity continues to be a global health problem. Previous research suggests that linear growth retardation or stunting during early childhood increases the risk of obesity, but others have reported that rapid linear growth poses a greater concern than early nutritional status. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine if growth trajectories are associated with body composition at age 8-10 y. METHODS: Study participants consisted of 255 girls and 281 boys who participated in a follow-up of the Prenatal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Child Growth and Development (POSGRAD) Study. Sex-specific latent height class (LHC) trajectories were derived from 11 measures of height from birth to 5 y of age and used to calculate 3 distinct growth classes for boys (low, intermediate, and high) and 2 distinct classes for girls (low and high). Body composition at age 8-10 y was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between growth trajectory classes and fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in late childhood, controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS: In girls, there were no significant associations between LHC and FM or FFM. In boys, relative to the intermediate LHC, the low LHC had higher FM (ß = 0.69 kg; 95% CI: 0.26-1.11 kg) and the high LHC had lower FM (ß = -0.40 kg; 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.05 kg). Boys in the low LHC had significantly less FFM (ß = -0.69 kg; 95% CI: -1.11 to -0.26 kg), and boys in the high LHC had more FFM (ß = 0.40 kg; 95% CI: 0.05-0.76 kg) compared with the intermediate LHC. CONCLUSION: Gain in height among boys, but not girls, in early childhood was associated with lower adiposity in late childhood compared with children with a slower rate of growth. Clinical trial registration number: NCT00646360.


Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/anatomía & histología , Estatura/fisiología , Obesidad Infantil/etiología , Adiposidad/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Antropometría , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etiología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/patología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/patología , Prevalencia , Caracteres Sexuales
9.
J Nutr Biochem ; 64: 162-169, 2019 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30513433

RESUMEN

Obesity in adolescents is considered a major public health problem; combined interventional approaches such as omega-3 supplementation with lifestyle intervention (LI) might exert synergistic effects and exceed the impact of each individual strategy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if the supplementation of omega-3 with LI could improve metabolic and endothelial abnormality in obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia. The study involved sixty-nine adolescents with normal weight and seventy obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia. All obese adolescents were applied to LI and randomly assigned to omega-3 supplementation or placebo group for 12 weeks. The obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia presented increased levels of leptin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), selectin E (sE) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and decreased levels of adiponectin compared with control subjects. After 12-week intervention, omega-3 supplementation with LI decreased significantly in triglycerides, HOMA, leptin, RBP4, ADMA and sE. Moreover, omega-3 with LI displayed a significant reduction in triglycerides, ADMA and sE in comparison with LI alone. In subjects with omega-3 combined with LI assessed by multivariate regression model, the reduction in triglycerides was the only independent determinant of the decrease in ADMA. The reductions in triglycerides and HOMA were significantly contributed to the changes in sE. Our data indicated that omega-3 combined with LI in short duration significantly improved dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abnormality of adipokines, endothelial dysfunction in comparison of LI alone, indicating the combined approach is an effective clinical and applicable strategy to control metabolic abnormality and decrease the risks of cardiovascular diseases in obese adolescents.


Asunto(s)
Adipoquinas/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/uso terapéutico , Hipertrigliceridemia/dietoterapia , Obesidad/terapia , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Endotelio Vascular/fisiopatología , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Humanos , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Análisis de Regresión , Resultado del Tratamiento , Triglicéridos/sangre
10.
Environ Mol Mutagen ; 59(7): 639-652, 2018 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29968258

RESUMEN

Although the Atoyac River has been classified as highly polluted by environmental authorities, several communities are settled on its banks, affecting around 1.5 million persons, as well as farmland, due to an environmental distribution of toxics in the area. Our aim was to demonstrate that this environment affects important physiological processes that have an impact in health, so we conducted a study of schoolchildren from small communities on the banks of the river and in another similar town located far from it. 91 and 93 students, boys and girls, were studied from each site for oxidative stress index (OSI), calculated from the total antioxidant capacity and the total oxidative status, BTEX metabolite excretion and relevant metabolic polymorphisms participating in the bioactivation-detoxification of most VOC: CYP2E1 RsaI, NQO1 C609T, and null polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1. Results showed that OSI was significantly higher in children living by the river (5.23 ± 3.4 vs 2.59 ± 1.46, 95% C.I.). At this site, OSI was correlated with diminished metabolite excretion and a diminished antioxidant capacity; an association with genotypes CYP2E1RsaI (c2c2), GSTT1 present and NQO1*2 (CC) was also observed. Furthermore, boys at this site exhibited a diminished BMI compared to boys from the other community who were younger. IN CONCLUSION: children living at polluted sites like this, show early biological effects that might lead to health problems in their adult life. Environmental protection should be enforced to protect people's health in these sites where not even environmental monitoring is done. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:639-652, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Residuos Industriales/efectos adversos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismo , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/orina , Contaminantes del Agua/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Agua/orina , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Genotipo , Glutatión Transferasa/genética , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Inactivación Metabólica , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Masculino , México , Polimorfismo Genético , Ríos/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/efectos adversos , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Contaminantes del Agua/efectos adversos , Contaminantes del Agua/análisis
11.
J Cancer Res Ther ; 14(3): 640-646, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29893332

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Several factors contribute to the increase in breast cancer (BC) incidence, such as lifetime exposure to estrogen, early menarche and older ages at first birth, menopause, and the increased prevalence of postmenopausal obesity. In fact, there is an association between an increased BC risk and elevated estrogen levels, which may be involved in carcinogenesis via the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) encoded by the ESR1 gene. Interestingly, there is an antagonistic relationship between ERα and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in BC cells. AIMS: Herein, we explore the combined effects of the ESR1 (XbaI, PvuII) and AhR polymorphisms on BC development in Mexican women according to their menopausal status. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Investigation was performed using a cases and controls design. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a group of 96 cases diagnosed with BC and 111 healthy women, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms ESR1 (XbaI, PvuII) and AhR gene were identified by qPCR. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used. Statistical analyses were conducted using the STATA statistical package (Version 10.1, STATA Corp., College Station, TX, USA). RESULTS: The G/G XbaI genotype was more prevalent in the cases than in the controls (P = 0.008). Moreover, Mexican women carrying the XbaI (wild type [WT]/G or G/G) ESR1 genotype have higher risk (12.26-fold) for developing postmenopausal BC than individuals carrying the WT/WT genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the G/G genotype of XbaI may be considered a susceptibility allele in Mexican women. Due to increased postmenopausal BC risk, the XbaI (WT/G or G/G) alleles may be used as a postmenopausal predictive factor for BC in Mexican women.


Asunto(s)
Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Posmenopausia , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico
12.
Ann Glob Health ; 84(2): 274-280, 2018 07 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30873792

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The Child-Mother binomial is potentially susceptible to the toxic effects of pollutants because some chemicals interfere with placental transfer of nutrients, thus affecting fetal development, and create an increased the risk of low birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of prenatal exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) on birth weight in a cohort of Mexican newborns. METHODOLOGY: We included 745 mother-child pair participants of the POSGRAD cohort study. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, health history and environmental exposure during pregnancy were readily available and the newborns' anthropometric measurements were obtained at delivery. Prenatal NOx exposure assessment was evaluated using a Land-Use Regression predictive models considering local monitoring from 60 sites on the State of Morelos. The association between prenatal exposure to NOx and birth weight was estimated using a multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: The average birth weight was 3217 ± 439 g and the mean of NOx concentration was 21 ppb (Interquartile range, IQR = 6.95 ppb). After adjusting for maternal age and other confounders, a significant birthweight reduction was observed for each IQR of NOx increase (ß = -39.61 g, 95% CI: -77.00; -2.21; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provides evidence that prenatal NOx exposure has a negative effect on birth weight, which may influence the growth and future development of the newborn.


Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal , Exposición Materna , Óxidos de Nitrógeno/toxicidad , Nacimiento Prematuro , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Adulto , Peso al Nacer/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios de Cohortes , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/prevención & control , Femenino , Desarrollo Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/inducido químicamente , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/epidemiología , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/prevención & control , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Exposición Materna/prevención & control , Exposición Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , México/epidemiología , Evaluación de Necesidades , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/inducido químicamente , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Nacimiento Prematuro/prevención & control , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inducido químicamente , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Medición de Riesgo
13.
Ann Glob Health ; 84(2): 239-249, 2018 07 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30873814

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Follow-up studies have reported both positive and negative associations between prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and some anthropometric indicators of overweight and obesity in children. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of this exposure on cardiometabolic risk factors in preschool-age children. The health and disease development paradigm (DOHaD) proposes that the physiological and metabolic adaptations triggered by the exposure to these compounds, coupled with postnatal conditions, can modify the risk of disease. In this context, cardiometabolic risk factors in children are not only an important outcome derived from prenatal exposure but a predictor/mediator of the children's future health. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the evidence published in the last 10 years from cohort studies on the association between prenatal exposure to EDCs and cardiometabolic risk factors in preschoolers. DESIGN: Studies published from January 1, 2007 to May 1, 2017 in PubMed were analyzed. The research strategy was based on specified keywords and following the application of strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, 16 studies were identified and reviewed. Data were extracted and aspects of quality were assessed using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. RESULTS: Only 5 of the 16 studies reviewed analyzed cardiometabolic risk factors in addition to anthropometric measures in children. The cohort studies included in this review suggest that prenatal exposure to low concentrations of EDCs has an impact on anthropometric variables and biochemical parameters in preschool-age children. Positive associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and percentage of fat mass, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfolds and risk of overweight persisted after adjustment for important confounding variables. No association was found with lipid profile and glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence was found to suggest that prenatal exposure to EDCs is positively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in preschool children.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Salud Infantil , Disruptores Endocrinos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Metabólicas , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Metabólicas/epidemiología , Enfermedades Metabólicas/prevención & control , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inducido químicamente , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/prevención & control
14.
Salud Publica Mex ; 57(3): 260-4, 2015.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26302129

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether the use of lead-glazed ceramic (LGC) is associated with blood lead levels in indigenous schoolchildren from Oaxaca, México. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated LGC use at home as a primary source of lead exposure in 387 indigenous schoolchildren in Oaxaca in May 2001. RESULTS: We found an adjusted difference of 3.9µg/dl (p<0.01) in blood lead levels (BLL) among children reporting to use (82%) LGC at home vs those who didn't. BL levels greater or equal than 10 and 20 µg/dl were observed in 60 and 27% of children, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Lead poisoning from LGC use could remain a concern for public health in Mexico, where there is a need to provide care and further study to verify its effect on BLL.


Asunto(s)
Cerámica/efectos adversos , Utensilios de Comida y Culinaria , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Plomo/sangre , Cerámica/química , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Etnicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Intoxicación por Plomo/epidemiología , Intoxicación por Plomo/etiología , Masculino , Concentración Máxima Admisible , México/epidemiología , Marginación Social
15.
Allergy Asthma Proc ; 36(2): 130-7, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25715241

RESUMEN

Exposure to indoor allergens represents a significant risk factor for allergies and asthma in several parts of the world. In Mexico, few studies have evaluated indoor allergens, including cat, dog, and mouse allergens and the factors that predict their presence. This study evaluates the main environmental and household predictors of high prenatal allergen levels and multiple allergen exposures in a birth cohort from Mexico City. A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of a birth cohort study of 1094 infants recruited during pregnancy and followed until delivery. We collected dust samples in a subset of 264 homes and assessed environmental factors. Der p 1, Der f 1, dust mite group 2, Fel d 1, Can f 1, Rat n 1, Mus m 1, and Bla g 2 concentrations in dust samples were measured using immunoassays. To define detectable allergen levels, the lowest limits of detection for each allergen were taken as cutoff points. Overall allergen exposure was considered high when four or more allergens exceeded detectable levels in the same household. Logistic regression was used for predictive models. Eighty-five percent of homes had at least one allergen in dust over the detection limit, 52.1% had high exposure (four or more allergens above detectable limits), and 11.7% of homes had detectable levels for more than eight allergens. Der p 1, Der p 2, Mus m 1, and Fel d 1 were the most frequent allergens detected. Each allergen had both common and distinct predictors. The main predictors of a high multiple allergen index were the size of the home, pesticide use, mother's age, mother as homemaker, and season. Increased indoor environmental allergen exposure is mainly related to sociodemographic factors and household cleaning.


Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/inmunología , Polvo/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Contaminación del Aire Interior/efectos adversos , Alérgenos/efectos adversos , Animales , Polvo/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , México , Plaguicidas/efectos adversos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Embarazo , Pronóstico , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/epidemiología , Estaciones del Año , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto Joven
16.
Salud pública Méx ; 56(4): 363-370, jul.-ago. 2014. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-733301

RESUMEN

Objective. To analyze the association between daily mortality from different causes and acute exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), in Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods. A time-series ecological study was conducted from 1998 to 2006. The association between mortality (due to different causes) and exposure was analyzed using single and distributed lag models and adjusting for potential confounders. Results. For all ages, the cumulative effect of acute mortality from all causes and respiratory causes increased 0.71% (95%CI 0.46-0.96) and 1.43% (95%CI 0.85-2.00), respectively, per 10µg/m³ increment in daily average PM10 with a lag of three days before death. Cumulative effect of mortality from cardiovascular causes was -0.03% (95%CI -0.49-0.44%) with the same lag. Conclusions. The results suggest an association between an increase in PM10 concentrations and acute mortality from all causes and respiratory causes.


Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre la mortalidad diaria debida a distintas causas y la exposición aguda a partículas menores de 10 micras de diámetro aerodinámico (PM10), en Bogotá, Colombia. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series de tiempo (1998-2006). La asociación entre mortalidad y exposición se analizó ajustando modelos de retraso simple y retraso distribuido para diferentes causas de mortalidad. Resultados. En todas las edades, el riesgo acumulado en la mortalidad aguda por todas las causas y causa respiratoria aumentó 0.71% (IC95% 0.46-0.96) y 1.43% (IC95% 0.85-2.00), respectivamente, por incremento de 10µg/m³ en el promedio diario de PM10, tomando un retraso de tres días anteriores al deceso, mientras el riesgo acumulado en la mortalidad por causa cardiovascular fue de -0.03% (IC95% -0.49-0.44), para el mismo retraso. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren asociación entre el incremento de las concentraciones de PM10 y la mortalidad aguda por todas las causas y causa respiratoria.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/aislamiento & purificación , Mannheimia haemolytica/clasificación , Autorradiografía/métodos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Membrana Celular/química , Centrifugación por Gradiente de Densidad/métodos , Detergentes , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Radioisótopos de Yodo , Mannheimia haemolytica/química , Proteínas de la Membrana/aislamiento & purificación , Peso Molecular , Infecciones por Pasteurella/microbiología , Infecciones por Pasteurella/veterinaria , Sarcosina/análogos & derivados , Solubilidad , Sacarosa
17.
Chest ; 146(2): 373-382, 2014 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24626819

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Prenatal consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can act as an adjuvant in the development of the immune system and affect the inflammatory response of neonates. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Cuernavaca, Mexico. We randomly assigned 1,094 pregnant women (18-35 years of age) to receive 400 mg/d of algal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or placebo from 18 to 22 weeks of gestation through delivery. Birth outcomes and respiratory symptoms information until 18 months were available for 869 mother-child pairs. Questionnaires were administered, and maternal blood samples were obtained at baseline. Maternal atopy was based on specific IgE levels. During follow-up, information on infants' respiratory symptoms was collected through questionnaires administered at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age. Negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate the effect of supplementation on respiratory symptoms in infants. RESULTS: Among infants of atopic mothers, a statistically significant protective effect of DHA treatment was observed on phlegm with nasal discharge or nasal congestion (0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-1.02) and fever with phlegm and nasal discharge or nasal congestion (0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.99), adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that DHA supplementation during pregnancy may decrease the incidence of respiratory symptoms in children with a history of maternal atopy. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00646360; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Complicaciones del Embarazo/prevención & control , Nacimiento Prematuro/prevención & control , Atención Prenatal/métodos , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Francia , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Fenómenos Fisiologicos de la Nutrición Prenatal , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/epidemiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven
18.
J Occup Environ Med ; 56(4): 415-9, 2014 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24500378

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with lung function and pH of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in Mexican schoolchildren. METHODS: A pilot study was performed in a subsample of 64 schoolchildren from Mexico City. Lung function and pH of EBC were measured and metabolites of PAHs in urine samples were determined. The association was analyzed using robust regression models. RESULTS: A 10% increase in the concentrations of 2-hydroxyfluorene was significantly negatively associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (-11.2 mL, 95% CI: -22.2 to -0.02), forced vital capacity (-11.6 mL, 95% CI: -22.9 to -0.2), and pH of EBC (-0.035, 95% CI: -0.066 to -0.005). CONCLUSION: Biomarkers of PAHs exposure were inversely associated with lung function and decrease of ph of EBC as a marker of airway inflammation in Mexican schoolchildren.


Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/orina , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Proyectos Piloto , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/orina , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
19.
Salud Publica Mex ; 56(4): 363-70, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25604176

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between daily mortality from different causes and acute exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), in Bogota, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A time-series ecological study was conducted from 1998 to 2006. The association between mortality (due to different causes) and exposure was analyzed using single and distributed lag models and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: For all ages, the cumulative effect of acute mortality from all causes and respiratory causes increased 0.71% (95%CI 0.46-0.96) and 1.43% (95%CI 0.85-2.00), respectively, per 10µg/m³ increment in daily average PM10 with a lag of three days before death. Cumulative effect of mortality from cardiovascular causes was -0.03% (95%CI -0.49-0.44%) with the same lag. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest an association between an increase in PM10 concentrations and acute mortality from all causes and respiratory causes.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/efectos adversos , Mortalidad , Material Particulado/efectos adversos , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Causas de Muerte , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tamaño de la Partícula , Enfermedades Respiratorias/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Salud Urbana , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos
20.
Allergy Asthma Proc ; 34(5): e27-34, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23998234

RESUMEN

Asthma and allergic diseases have increased worldwide; however, etilogic factors for this increase are still poor. Prenatal consumptions of fatty acids are hypothesized, although few clinical trials in developing countries have been performed. This study was designed to identify predictors of immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in cord blood of Mexican newborns. Total IgE was measured in umbilical cord blood from 613 infants whose mothers participated in a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 400 mg of docosahexaenoic acid or placebo from 18 to 22 weeks gestation through delivery. During pregnancy, information on sociodemographic characteristics, environmental exposures, and perceived maternal stress were obtained; a maternal blood sample was also collected to determine atopy via specific IgE levels. Logistic regression models were used to identify the main prenatal predictors of detectable total IgE levels in cord blood. IgE was detectable in cord blood from 344 (53.7%) infants; the main predictors in multivariate analyses were maternal atopy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.42; p < 0.05) and pesticide use in the home (OR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04-2.14; p < 0.05). When stratified by maternal atopy, season of birth was a significant predictor in the atopic group only (OR = 2.48; 95% CI, 1.00-6.16; p < 0.05), and pesticide use was a significant predictor for infants born to nonatopic mothers (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.07-2.51; p < 0.05). No differences were seen in the proportion of infants with detectable IgE by treatment group. Prenatal supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid did not alter the detectable cord blood IgE levels. Maternal atopy and pesticide use during pregnancy are strong predictors of cord blood IgE levels in newborns. Clinical trial NCT00646360, www.clinicaltrials.gov.


Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Epítopos/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidad/diagnóstico , Plaguicidas/metabolismo , Adulto , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Epítopos/inmunología , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/etiología , Hipersensibilidad/terapia , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Recién Nacido , Masculino , México , Plaguicidas/inmunología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Embarazo , Pronóstico , Adulto Joven
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