The Effect of Honey, Aloe Vera, and Hydrocolloid Dressing on the Healing Process of Murine Excisional Wounds.

Chronic ulcers are a major health problem associated with high costs and a loss of quality of life. Because of this, the search for products that accelerate wound healing is a constant, given the need for alternatives that help to alleviate this serious health problem. We analyzed the efficacy of 2 natural products-honey and aloe vera-versus hydrocolloid (HC) dressings as a control group in healing full-thickness wounds. For this purpose, we performed full-thickness excisions of the skin, including the panniculus carnosus, in mice. We inserted a nitrile ring into the subcutaneous cellular tissue simulating the second-intention wound healing course. We found that aloe vera reduced the diameter of the wounds compared to honey (p < .001) and the control group (p < .001).

Validation of the knowledge evaluation questionnaire of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation training program in high school students.

There is an urgent need for generalized training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques, starting with secondary education. Validated instruments for assessing the efficacy of such interventions are not yet available. This study aimed to validate an evaluation questionnaire of a CPR training program for high school students, to analyze the levels of readability, difficulty, reliability, and content validity, as well as the fit the purpose for which they were designed, the trait they are intended to measure. An instrumental study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, an inter-judge validation was carried out with 11 experts in CPR accredited instructors of basic and advanced CPR by the American Heart Association. In the second phase, the psychometric properties were evaluated from the perspective of Item Response Theory. During May of the 2017/18 and 2018/19 academic years, 259 4th-year secondary school students from a high school in the southeastern area of the island of Gran Canaria (mean age: 15.78 years; 50.60% male) were surveyed anonymously using the questionnaire to be validated. The questionnaire was easily readable (74.12 Flesch-Szigriszt Index); the difficulty level (Easy/Very Easy) in the context of this secondary school level of education and the ability level of the respondents overlapped sufficiently and there was no gender bias. The questionnaire was able to discriminate between respondents of slightly more than 7 levels of expertise, from low knowledge of CPR to high knowledge of CPR (Separation Index 7.53). The model fit was excellent (infit = 1/outfit = 1.01). The content validity index was adequate. The separation index and reliability exceeded what was considered adequate for guaranteed use. The level of difficulty of the items and the level of ability of the respondents is in line with the educational level of the students. The questionnaire did not produce a gender bias in response probability. The questionnaire is easily understandable and can discriminate between different levels of ability without differential gender bias, and its reliability is outstanding, as it exceeds the minimum criteria.

Los cuidados a la sociedad. La Seguridad Humana y la gestión del riesgo desde la perspectiva enfermera / Society cares. Human security and risk management from the nurse perspective

Los desafíos a los que las sociedades han de hacer frente en relación a la seguridad y a la gestión del riesgo son un reto para la enfermería y un nuevo campo de estudio denominado Cuidados a la sociedad. En relación a la seguridad, el Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo abre un marco teórico que insta a los estados a formular políticas bajo el paraguas de la Seguridad Humana. La seguridad no debe contemplarse solo desde el punto de vista de ausencia de violencia física sino de garantía de derechos, oportunidades y calidad de vida de las personas. Por otro lado, los riesgos a los que las diferentes sociedades han de hacer frente son muchos y complejos y todos ellos son susceptibles de, por un lado, perjudicar la salud de los individuos, y por el otro, de generar amenazas a gran escala con capacidad para vulnerar la salud de la sociedad y alterar los sistemas sanitarios. La enfermería debe abordar estos conceptos determinantes y abarcar conocimientos más allá de los cuidados clínicos a los individuos y desarrollar los Cuidados a la sociedad

The challenges that the society has to tackle related to security and risk management are a dare for Nursery and a new field of study called Society Cares. In relation with the security, United Nations Program for Development develops a theoretical framework which urges the countries to create Human Security policies. Security must be taken into account not only as a lack of physical violence, but also as a guarantee of rights, opportunities and quality for people's lives. On the other hand, all societies have to tackle a lot of different and difficult risks and all of them may be prejudicial for people's health and they can also create threats on a large scale and are able to hurt society health and to change healthy systems. Nursery must deal with these determining concepts and cover knowledge which goes beyond people's clinical cares and it must also develop Society Cares

Validación de un cuestionario sobre la percepción del profesorado del manejo de situaciones de emergencias en el ámbito escolar / Validation of a questionnaire on the teaching staff’s view of how emergency situations are handled at school

OBJETIVOS: desarrollar un instrumento para evaluar la percepción de los profesores de su capacidad para el manejo y control de las situaciones de emergencias en el ámbito escolar no universitario, así como determinar la validez de constructo y la consistencia interna de dicho instrumento. MÉTODO: estudio de validación de un instrumento desarrollado en el curso 2009/10 en centros escolares no universitarios de la provincia de Las Palmas, con la participación de 432 profesores. Para determinar la estructura factorial y validez de constructo del cuestionario se llevaron a cabo un análisis factorial explora- torio y un análisis factorial confirmatorio. La consistencia interna se determinó mediante el Alpha de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: con base en el análisis factorial exploratorio se establecieron dos posibles soluciones estructurales, de cuatro y cinco factores. De acuerdo al análisis factorial confirmatorio el ajuste de ambos modelos fue bueno con un ligero mejor ajuste a favor del modelo de cuatro factores. Los coeficientes Alfa de Cronbach obtenidos fueron F1= 0,922; F2= 0,904; F3= 0,860; y F4= 0,815. La varianza explicada total, según el análisis de componentes principales, es de 65,59%. CONCLUSIONES: a expensas de que sería preciso aún llevar a cabo una validación discriminante y convergente, así como determinar la fiabilidad del test-retest, el cuestionario desarrollado para evaluar la capacidad del profesorado en el manejo y control de las situaciones de emergencias en el ámbito escolar presenta un adecuado fundamento psicométrico. Por lo tanto, se constituye como una herramienta válida y fiable que puede facilitar el aporte de soluciones integrales formativas adaptadas a las necesidades de los docentes

OBJECTIVE: to develop an instrument to evaluate the view of teaching staff on their ability to handle and control emergency situations in non-university school surroundings, and to determine the validity of the instrument's construct and its internal consistency. METHOD: a validation study conducted on an instrument developed over the 2009/10 academic year at non-university schools in the province of Las Palmas, with 432 participating teachers. In order to determine its factorial structure and validity of the questionnaire's construct, exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were carried out. Internal consistency was tested with the Cronbach Alpha. RESULTS: based on an exploratory factorial analysis, two possible structural solutions were established, of four and five factors. According to the confirmatory factorial analysis, both models were accordingly adjusted, with a slightly smaller adjustment in favour of the four factor model. The Cronbach Alpha coefficients obtained were F1= 0.922; F2= 0.904; F3= 0.860; and F4= 0.815. The total explained variance, according to the main component analysis, was 65.59%. CONCLUSIONS: without prejudice to the need for a discriminating and convergent validation and an examination of test-retest reliability, the questionnaire completed to evaluate the teaching staff's capacity to handle and control emergency situations in school surroundings is adequately justified in psychometric terms. Consequently, it is a valid and reliable tool that is able to provide comprehensive formative solutions adapted to teachers' needs

¿Están los profesores de los centros escolares de la provinciade Las Palmas preparados ante situaciones de emergencias? / Are the professors in schools at the Las Palmas province prepared for emergency situations?

Objetivo: describir el nivel de vulnerabilidad al que está sometida la comunidad educativa, según el nivel formativo de los profesores y estudiantes como primeros respondientes. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal a una muestra de 432profesores a los que se les pasó un cuestionario de respuesta estructurada, tipo Likert, durante el curso escolar 2009-2010.Resultados: se destaca que un 50% de los docentes encuestados no es consciente ni percibe riesgos en sus actividades cotidianas, por lo que tampoco tiene actitudes de autoprotección. Además, su formación y capacitación básica para hacer frente a situaciones de urgencias en el centro no parece ser la apropiada, ya que solo un 23,13%de la muestra se considera preparada o bien preparada para hacer frente e intervenir en una situación de urgencia, mientras que el 31,12%se considera nada preparado y el 45,40% poco preparado. Por otra parte, a pesar de que se hacen simulacros en la mayoría de los centros(71,7%), no existen programas específicos de autoprotección y prevención para el alumnado. Conclusiones: en la comunidad escolar estudiada, los niveles objetivos de vulnerabilidad de la comunidad educativa son preocupantes en cuanto a que no están lo suficientemente formados. Aunque estos datos no constituyen una novedad, y son fuente continua de preocupación por parte de los equipos directivos de los centros educativos por la alta responsabilidad civil e incluso penal que ello conlleva, se debe seguir insistiendo en la formación y en la preparación de los docentes, dado que la realidad escolar así lo demanda, sobre todo, cuando lo que se preconiza es un modelo de integración de los niños con problemas de salud crónicos. La figura de la enfermera escolares la respuesta apropiada para establecer una atención de salud escolar segura, eficaz y eficiente (AU)

Objective: to describe the level of insecurity the educational community is subject to, according to the level of training by professors and students as first respondents. Methodology: transversal descriptive study on a sample of 432 professors, who answered a Likert-type structured response questionnaire, during the 2009-2010 term. Results: it stands out that 50% of professors included in the survey are neither aware of nor perceive any risks in everyday activities, and therefore they don’t have any self-protection attitudes either. Moreover, their basic training for facing emergency situations at school does not seem to be appropriate, as only 23.13% of the sample consider themselves to be prepared or well prepared to face and act in an emergency situation, while 31.12% consider themselves not prepared, and 54-40% not well prepared. On the other hand, even though emergency drills are conducted in most schools (71.7%),there are no specific self-protection and prevention programs for pupils. Conclusions: in the school community subject to this study, the objective levels of insecurity in the educational community are a matter of concern, in terms of not having enough training. Even though these data are not new, and represent a continuous source of concern by the school managing teams, regarding the high civil and even criminal responsibility entailed, it is necessary to keep insisting upon the training and preparation of teachers, because school reality demands it, particularly when aiming at a model of integration for children with chronic conditions. The school nurse is the adequate answering order to establish a safe, effective and efficient school healthcare (AU)

Planificación del cuidado de pacientecon amputación de miembro inferior desde laperspectiva del modelo de Virginia Henderson / Lower-limb amputation patient nursing care plan from the perspective of the Virginia Henderson model

La planificación de cuidados del paciente con amputación quirúrgicapor traumatismo supone un reto para el cuidado enfermero, ya querequiere tener en cuenta no sólo los aspectos relacionados con el problemafisiopatológico y la cirugía, sino también sus importantes repercusionesen los aspectos psicosociales de la persona. Para abordarel cuidado de la persona en esta situación, resulta muy útil contarcon un marco de referencia (Modelo conceptual de Virginia Henderson)y con el método y los instrumentos (Proceso de Atención de Enfermeríay taxonomías de lenguaje enfermero) que nos permiten poderllevar a cabo nuestra actividad profesional de una forma eficaz.El propósito de este artículo es presentar el plan de cuidados que sellevó a cabo con un paciente que sufrió una amputación de miembroinferior.Tras la fase de valoración y el análisis de las manifestaciones de dependencia,se priorizó el abordaje del diagnóstico enfermero: temorrelacionado con la pérdida de capacidad física, responsable a su vezde la falta de afrontamiento de la situación del paciente y la dificultadpara tomar una decisión sobre la amputación, que estaba favoreciendoun deterioro del paciente por la persistente infección delmiembro afectado.El uso de la metodología enfermera con el Modelo de Virginia Hendersoncomo guía, nos permitió ayudar al paciente a tomar una decisión,que resultó en una mejoría de la situación clínica y le preparópara la adaptación a su nueva situación (AU)

Traumatic surgical amputation patient care planning is a challenge fornursing professionals given that it requires addressing not only aspectsrelated with the physiopathological problem and surgery, but also importantrepercussions on the patient’s psychosocial functioning. In orderto provide adequate nursing care in these situations, it is usefulto rely on a reference model (Virginia Henderson’s conceptual model)and on the right method and tools (Nursing care process and nursinglanguage taxonomies), which enable us to carry out our professionalactivity effectively.The objective of this article is to present the care plan that was performedwith a patient who underwent lower-limb amputation.Following assessment and analysis of dependence manifestations,addressing the nursing diagnosis was prioritized. This prioritizationwas based on fear of physical capacity loss, leading to difficulty in makingthe decision on whether to amputate or not, which in turnfavoured patient deterioration due to the persistent infection of thelimb involved.Using nursing methodology with the Virginia Henderson model as aguide enabled us to help the patient make a decision, thus resultingin an improvement of the clinical situation and preparing the patientto adapt to his new situation (AU)

Aplicación de lubricante para el cateterismo vesical / Application of a lubricant for vesical catheterism

Una de las intervenciones que realizan con más frecuencia los profesionales enfermeros en su quehacer profesional, tanto en el hospital como en centros de salud, es la inserción de un catéter vesical. El procedimiento requiere la manipulación de la uretra, que está tapizada por un epitelio mucoso bastante irrigado y que si se lesiona, puede originar complicaciones importantes al portador del catéter, como las infecciones o la estenosis uretral, que es la más problemática por su impacto sobre la calidad de vida de los enfermos que la padecen aldificultar la eliminación normal de la orina desde la vejiga.El propósito de este artículo es mostrar la existencia de trabajos previos que avalanque el lubricante uretral instilado dentro de la uretra antes del cateterismovesical es una medida eficaz para evitar complicaciones traumáticas en la uretra,con el fin de promover su uso de manera habitual en todos los procedimientos de cateterismo vesical que se realicen.Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica, en las bases de datos Medline,Cinhal, Cochrane Library y Cuiden, con limitaciones de la búsqueda centradas en la edad (adultos) y el período de tiempo (desde 1985 a 2005, ambos inclusive) (AU)

One of the most frequently performed procedures carried out by nursing professionals in their daily routines at the hospital setting as well as in health centresis the insertion of vesical catheters.The procedure requires the manipulation of the urethra, which is lined with a well-irrigated mucous epithelium. If this epithelium becomes damaged it can cause important complications to the bearer of the catheter such as infections or urethral stenosis which has the greatest impact on the quality of life of the patients that suffer from this disease as it makes the normal elimination of urine from the bladder difficult.The purpose of this paper is to show the existence of previous articles that support that an urethral lubricant instilled inside the urethra before vesical catheterismis an effective measure to avoid traumatic complications in the urethra so that its use become standarised in all vesical catheterism procedures performed.A review of the literature was carried out using the Medline, Cinhal, Cochrane Library and Cuiden data bases, with searches focusing on age (adults) and the period of time (1985 to 2005, both inclusive) (AU)