The potential use of Pseudomonas in terrestrial and space agriculture.

In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in solutions for sustainable agriculture to reduce negative impacts on the environment resulting from modern agricultural practices. The use of environmentally beneficial bacteria, like Pseudomonas, which can increase plant productivity by reducing growth time, is a promising opportunity for sustainable agriculture. Pseudomonas is a gram-negative bacterium genus, commonly present in soils, plants, and irrigation water. Pseudomonas has a wide range of metabolic routes that could benefit agriculture, such as nutrient uptake, pathogen suppression, heavy metal solubilization, drought tolerance, and high salt concentration tolerance. Pseudomonas may even be proposed as a potential tool for future agriculture on other planets, where the use of microorganisms would be essential for crop development in hostile and inhospitable environments. Hence, the present review discusses the potential use of Pseudomonas in sustainable agriculture on planet Earth and potentially on Mars, highlighting its role in plant growth enhancement and plant protection from pathogenic microorganisms.

Alternative sources of natural pigments for dye-sensitized solar cells: Algae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, archaea and fungi.

Dye-sensitized solar cells have been of great interest in photovoltaic technology due to their capacity to convert energy at a low cost. The use of natural pigments means replacing expensive chemical synthesis processes by easily extractable pigments that are non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Although most of the pigments used for this purpose are obtained from higher plants, there are potential alternative sources that have been underexploited and have shown encouraging results, since pigments can also be obtained from organisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, microalgae, yeast, and molds, which have the potential of being cultivated in bioreactors or optimized by biotechnological processes. The aforementioned organisms are sources of diverse sensitizers like photosynthetic pigments, accessory pigments, and secondary metabolites such as chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins. Moreover, retinal proteins, photosystems, and reaction centers from these organisms can also act as sensitizers. In this review, the use of natural sensitizers extracted from algae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, archaea, and fungi is assessed. The reported photoconversion efficiencies vary from 0.001 % to 4.6 % for sensitizers extracted from algae and microalgae, 0.004 to 1.67 % for bacterial sensitizers, 0.07-0.23 % for cyanobacteria, 0.09 to 0.049 % for archaea and 0.26-2.3 % for pigments from fungi.

Reflejo olivococlear contralateral y su relación con ansiedad y calidad de vida en pacientes con tinnitus

Resumen Introducción: La presencia de tinnitus se asocia a un incremento del nivel de ansiedad y empeoramiento de la calidad de vida, sin embargo, aún no existe claridad de si el sistema eferente auditivo podría influir en estas relaciones. Objetivo: Determinar si las amplitudes de las emisiones otoacústicas por producto de distorsión (EOAPD) y el efecto supresor del reflejo olivococlear gatillado con ruido contralateral (ROC) se asocian al grado del impacto psicoemocional y nivel de ansiedad en pacientes con tinnitus. Material y Método: Se evaluaron las amplitudes de EOAPD y magnitud del ROC para cada oído de manera independiente en una cohorte de 32 sujetos tinnitus y 26 controles, cuyos valores fueron correlacionados con State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) y Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Resultados: Los pacientes con tinnitus tuvieron una correlación significativa entre la magnitud del ROC del oído izquierdo y los puntajes en las pruebas de STAI y THI. Conclusión: Una mayor carga de ansiedad y peor calidad de vida en sujetos con tinnitus puede estar asociada con un empeoramiento del efecto supresor del ROC de la vía eferente auditiva.

Abstract Introduction: Tinnitus is associated with an increase in the degree of anxiety and with worse quality of life. However, whether there are relations between the function of the auditory efferent system and anxiety and tinnitus distress levels is not known. Aim: To determine possible associations between the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) amplitudes and the suppressing effect of the olivo-cochlear reflex (OCR) with anxiety and psycho-emotional impact in tinnitus. Material and Method: DPOAE amplitudes and OCR strength were evaluated for each ear independently in a cohort of 32 tinnitus and 26 controls, whose values were correlated with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Results: A significant correlation of STAI and THI scales with the OCR strength measured in the left ear was found in subjects with tinnitus. Conclusion: A higher anxiety load and worse quality of life in subjects with tinnitus may be associated with an impaired olivocochlear reflex suppressing effect.

[Mad pride and metaphors for dissidence: a linguistic and symbolic analysis]. / Orgullo loco y metáforas para una disidencia: un análisis lingüístico y simbólico.

This paper presents a linguistic and interpretative analysis of the use of conceptual metaphors in the field of mental health, taking as a field of observation the use of Twitter in the first edition of Mad Pride Day in Spain, held on May 20, 2018. The objective is to give a first-person account of the attitudes expressed by activists. The results show a questioning of the coercive logics produced by psychiatric care, a problematization of the hegemonic model as a whole, a criticism of the oppression implied by stigma, communication problems with professionals in the field of mental health, as well as demands for greater dialogue with them. This analysis has allowed us to understand linguistic modes of resignifying the field of mental health, and also to account for the tensions between subjective perceptions of the people diagnosed and the productions of the hegemonic medical model.

El presente artículo expone un análisis lingüístico e interpretativo sobre el uso de la metáfora conceptual en el campo de la salud mental, tomando como campo de observación el uso de Twitter en la primera edición del Día del Orgullo Loco en España, celebrada el 20 de mayo de 2018. El objetivo es dar cuenta de los posicionamientos expresados por los activistas en primera persona. Los resultados muestran un cuestionamiento a las lógicas coercitivas producidas por la atención psiquiátrica, una problematización del modelo hegemónico en su conjunto, una denuncia a la opresión que implica el estigma, problemas de comunicación y demandas de mayor diálogo con los profesionales del campo de la salud mental. Este análisis nos ha permitido comprender el modo lingüístico de re-semantizar el campo de la salud mental, así como dar cuenta de las tensiones existentes entre las percepciones subjetivas de las personas diagnosticadas y las producciones del modelo médico hegemónico.

Possible mechanisms involved in the effect of the subchronic administration of rosuvastatin on endothelial function in rats with metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is a multifaceted condition associated with a greater risk of various disorders (e.g., diabetes and heart disease). In a rat model of metabolic syndrome, an acute in vitro application of rosuvastatin causes relaxation of aortic rings. Since the outcome of a subchronic rosuvastatin treatment is unknown, the present study explored its effect on acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation of aortic rings from rats with metabolic syndrome. Animals were submitted to a 16-week treatment, including a standard diet, a cafeteria-style diet (CAF-diet), or a CAF-diet with daily rosuvastatin treatment (10 mg/kg). After confirming the development of metabolic syndrome in rats, aortic segments were extracted from these animals (those treated with rosuvastatin and untreated) and the acetylcholine-induced relaxant effect on the corresponding rings was evaluated. Concentration-response curves were constructed for this effect in the presence/absence of L-NAME, ODQ, KT 5823, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), apamin plus charybdotoxin, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, and cycloheximide pretreatment. Compared to rings from control rats, acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation decreased in rings from animals with metabolic syndrome, and was maintained at a normal level in animals with metabolic syndrome plus rosuvastatin treatment. The effect of rosuvastatin was inhibited by L-NAME, ODQ, KT 5823, TEA, apamin plus charybdotoxin, but unaffected by 4-AP, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, or cycloheximide. In conclusion, the subchronic administration of rosuvastatin to rats with metabolic syndrome improved the acetylcholine-induced relaxant response, involving stimulation of the NO/cGMP/PKG/Ca2+-activated K+ channel pathway.

[Measurement, monitoring and knowledge of blood pressure: May Measurement Month, Colombia 2017]. / Medición, control y conocimiento de la presión arterial: Iniciativa Mayo Mes de la Medición Colombia 2017.

AIM: To describe the findings of implementing May Measurement Month 2017 in the adult Colombian population to raise awareness of the importance of blood pressure measuring, monitoring, and awareness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: May Measurement Month is a cross-sectional survey that follows the directives of the International Society of Hypertension and the World Hypertension League, which gathers information on cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure readings. Its implementation in Colombia was lead by the Santander Ophthalmological Foundation (FOSCAL) and the Latin American Society of Hypertension (LASH) with the support of the Colombian Network for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes (RECARDI). RESULTS: Data was collected from 11 departments on 21,797 people, 58.7% of whom were female, with an average age of 40.5±17.7 years. The overall prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) was 20.8% (self-reported antihypertensive treatment or systolic blood pressure reading [systolic blood pressure≥140mmHg]). Of the total number of hypertensives, 46.5% had systolic blood pressure readings classified as uncontrolled (systolic blood pressure<140mmHg), and 26.4% were unaware that they were hypertensive who, in this report, we consider to be new cases of HBP. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of (elevated) blood pressure is high in this young adult population, whose lack of awareness of HBP is also high, and HBP in those aware of their condition is poorly controlled. These results highlight the need to implement effective detection programmes for hypertensive patients and to establish standardised treatments to improve HBP control as a strategy to reduce cardiovascular events.

Orgullo loco y metáforas para una disidencia: un análisis lingüístico y simbólico / Mad pride and metaphors for dissidence: a linguistic and symbolic analysis

RESUMEN El presente artículo expone un análisis lingüístico e interpretativo sobre el uso de la metáfora conceptual en el campo de la salud mental, tomando como campo de observación el uso de Twitter en la primera edición del Día del Orgullo Loco en España, celebrada el 20 de mayo de 2018. El objetivo es dar cuenta de los posicionamientos expresados por los activistas en primera persona. Los resultados muestran un cuestionamiento a las lógicas coercitivas producidas por la atención psiquiátrica, una problematización del modelo hegemónico en su conjunto, una denuncia a la opresión que implica el estigma, problemas de comunicación y demandas de mayor diálogo con los profesionales del campo de la salud mental. Este análisis nos ha permitido comprender el modo lingüístico de re-semantizar el campo de la salud mental, así como dar cuenta de las tensiones existentes entre las percepciones subjetivas de las personas diagnosticadas y las producciones del modelo médico hegemónico.

ABSTRACT This paper presents a linguistic and interpretative analysis of the use of conceptual metaphors in the field of mental health, taking as a field of observation the use of Twitter in the first edition of Mad Pride Day in Spain, held on May 20, 2018. The objective is to give a first-person account of the attitudes expressed by activists. The results show a questioning of the coercive logics produced by psychiatric care, a problematization of the hegemonic model as a whole, a criticism of the oppression implied by stigma, communication problems with professionals in the field of mental health, as well as demands for greater dialogue with them. This analysis has allowed us to understand linguistic modes of resignifying the field of mental health, and also to account for the tensions between subjective perceptions of the people diagnosed and the productions of the hegemonic medical model.

Possible mechanisms involved in the effect of the subchronic administration of rosuvastatin on endothelial function in rats with metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a multifaceted condition associated with a greater risk of various disorders (e.g., diabetes and heart disease). In a rat model of metabolic syndrome, an acute in vitro application of rosuvastatin causes relaxation of aortic rings. Since the outcome of a subchronic rosuvastatin treatment is unknown, the present study explored its effect on acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation of aortic rings from rats with metabolic syndrome. Animals were submitted to a 16-week treatment, including a standard diet, a cafeteria-style diet (CAF-diet), or a CAF-diet with daily rosuvastatin treatment (10 mg/kg). After confirming the development of metabolic syndrome in rats, aortic segments were extracted from these animals (those treated with rosuvastatin and untreated) and the acetylcholine-induced relaxant effect on the corresponding rings was evaluated. Concentration-response curves were constructed for this effect in the presence/absence of L-NAME, ODQ, KT 5823, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), apamin plus charybdotoxin, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, and cycloheximide pretreatment. Compared to rings from control rats, acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation decreased in rings from animals with metabolic syndrome, and was maintained at a normal level in animals with metabolic syndrome plus rosuvastatin treatment. The effect of rosuvastatin was inhibited by L-NAME, ODQ, KT 5823, TEA, apamin plus charybdotoxin, but unaffected by 4-AP, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, or cycloheximide. In conclusion, the subchronic administration of rosuvastatin to rats with metabolic syndrome improved the acetylcholine-induced relaxant response, involving stimulation of the NO/cGMP/PKG/Ca2+-activated K+ channel pathway.

'Desculturización,' urbanization, and nutrition transition among urban Kichwas Indigenous communities residing in the Andes highlands of Ecuador.

BACKGROUND: The nutrition transition continues to affect populations throughout the world. The added impact of market integration and urbanization exacerbates the impact of the nutrition transition upon Indigenous populations worldwide. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the nutritional concerns of the urban Kichwas community residing in the Andes highlands of Ecuador. STUDY DESIGN: This is a qualitative study. METHODS: Eight focus groups were conducted with Kichwas men and women in November 2015 in the Imbabura province of the Andes in Ecuador. DATA ANALYSIS: Applied thematic analysis was used to analyze findings regarding nutrition. RESULTS: The participants shared concerns regarding increased intake of fast food, poor meal timing, and a shift in the child's food preferences that rejects traditional foods. They attributed these concerns to urbanization resulting from an increase in dual-income households and a loss of cultural identity. CONCLUSIONS: Synergistic cultural factors are related to nutritional concerns voiced by the urban Kichwas community. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS: Syndemic theory is a useful interpretive lens regarding nutritional trends within the Kichwas communities as they relate to the increased risk of chronic disease.

Experiencias de los alumnos en el Aprendizaje del Proceso de atención de enfermería / Students' experiences on learning the Nursing Process / Experiências dos alunos na Aprendizagem do Processo de Atenção de Enfermagem

Resumen Introducción La utilización del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) como metodología propia de la disciplina, resuelve los problemas de las competencias de enfermería, permite intervenciones reflexivas para la solución de problemas individuales y atención integral a la persona, mejora la comunicación, delimita el campo profesional en cuanto identifica los fenómenos de interés y fundamenta la investigación; por ello tiene un espacio destacado en la formación del pregrado de enfermería. Objetivos a) Describir la experiencia de los alumnos de la Licenciatura en Enfermería en el aprendizaje y aplicación del PAE durante su formación académica, b) Identificar si el estudiante reconoce al proceso como la metodología propia de la disciplina para otorgar el cuidado. Metodología Estudio con enfoque cualitativo-fenomenológico-descriptivo, los participantes fueron alumnos del tercero al séptimo semestre de un programa de Licenciatura en Enfermería, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad sobre el saber qué y cómo aprende y aplica el PAE, se realiza análisis de discurso, con codificación y decodificación hasta la construcción de las categorías. Resultados En el análisis emergieron tres categorías: a) Mundos diferentes, con tres subcategorías: darse cuenta, vinculación teoría-práctica e influencia del profesional de enfermería; b) Formación teórica con dos subcategorías: aprendizaje complejo y, salud y enfermedad; c) Ambivalencia en la enseñanza del PAE por el docente con dos subcategorías: heterogeneidad y desavenencia docente, y acompañamiento del profesor. Aquí se aborda la primera categoría. Discusión y conclusión Además de las diferencias entre la teoría y la práctica del PAE, la interacción del estudiante con personal de enfermería no favorece el desarrollo del aprendizaje y aplicación de este.

Abstract Introduction The utilization of the Nursing Process (NP), as a methodology of the discipline which addresses the issues on nursing competences, allows reflexive interventions aimed at solving individual problems and integrally assisting the person, improves the communications, locates the professional scope by identifying the phenomena of interest, and gives a foundation to nursing research. Because of this, the NP constitutes a fundamental part in nursing education. Objectives a) To describe the undergraduate students' experiences regarding learning and using the Nursing Process during their academic formation; and b) To identify if the student acknowledges the process as the discipline's methodology to provide healthcare. Methodology This is a qualitative phenomenological and descriptive study. Participants were students from the third to the seventh semesters of a baccalaureate nursing program. In-depth interviews focused on how to learn and apply the Nursing Process were carried out. A discourse analysis with codification and decodification was developed until categories emerged. Results From the analysis, three categories emerged: a) Different worlds, which included three sub-categories: realizing, linking the theory and practice, and the influence from the nursing professional; b) Theoretical formation, which included two sub-categories: complex learning, and health and illness; c) Ambivalence of the professional while teaching NP, which included two sub-categories: teacher's heterogeneity and incongruity, and teacher's support. Discussion and conclusion In addition to the remarks on the differences between the theory and the practice related to NP, some student-nursing staff interactions do not particularly favor learning and utilizing the Nursing Process.

Resumo Introdução A utilização do Processo de Atenção de Enfermagem (PAE) como metodologia própria da disciplina, resolve os problemas das competências de enfermagem, permite intervenções reflexivas para a solução de problemas individuais e atenção integral à pessoa, melhora a comunicação, delimita o campo profissional entanto identifica os fenómenos de interesse e fundamenta a pesquisa; por isso tem um espaço notável na formação do pre-grau de enfermagem. Objetivos a) Descrever a experiência dos alunos da licenciatura em enfermagem na aprendizagem e aplicação do PAE durante sua formação académica, b) Identificar se o estudante reconhece o processo como a metodologia própria da disciplina para conceder o cuidado. Metodologia Estudo com enfoque qualitativo-fenomenológico-descritivo, os participantes foram alunos do terceiro ao sétimo semestre de um programa de licenciatura em enfermagem, realizaram-se entrevistas a profundidade sobre o saber que e como aprende e aplica o PAE, realiza-se análise de discurso, com codificação e decodificação até a construção das categorias. Resultados Na análise emergiram três categorias: a) Mundos diferentes, com três subcategorias: dar-se conta, vinculação teoria-prática e influência do profissional de enfermagem; b) Formação teórica com duas subcategorias: aprendizagem complexa e, saúde e doença; c) Ambivalência no ensino do PAE pelo docente com duas subcategorias: heterogeneidade e desentendimento docente, e acompanhamento do professor. Aqui aborda-se a primeira categoria. Discussão e conclusão Além das diferenças entre a teoria e a prática do PAE, a interação do estudante com pessoal de enfermagem não favorece o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem e aplicação deste.

Risk and resiliency: the syndemic nature of HIV/AIDS in the indigenous highland communities of Ecuador.

OBJECTIVES: This community-based study explores the syndemic nature of HIV/AIDS risk and resilience among Indigenous Kichwa communities in the province of Imbabura, Ecuador. This study elucidates individual and community-level factors that serve to exacerbate HIV/AIDS risk, as they relate to underlying macrolevel, structural forces. Critically, this study also elicited opportunities for community-based opportunities for resiliency from HIV/AIDS. STUDY DESIGN: Exploratory qualitative study. METHODS: Guided by syndemic theory, a qualitative study was conducted to explore HIV risk and resilience among Indigenous Kichwa communities in the Northern Andean highlands of Ecuador. Eight focus groups (n = 59) with men and women from two communities were conducted. The data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis techniques. RESULTS: Identified risk factors for HIV/AIDS centered around the following themes: (1) parents leaving the community for work, (2) alcohol and drug consumption, (3) unprotected sex, and (4) barriers to health care. Identified HIV/AIDS resiliency factors included the preservation of Indigenous culture and family-focused interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The identified risk factors for HIV/AIDS are interrelated within a complex syndemic relationship. The mutually reinforcing individual-level risk factors of substance abuse and risky sexual behavior coalesce with violence to exacerbate the risk for HIV/AIDS acquisition among Ecuadorian Highland Indigenous communities. Moreover, HIV/AIDS risk prevails in the macrolevel context of disproportionate unemployment among Indigenous peoples and a systematically fragmented healthcare system. It is critical that public health professionals work to revolutionize the systematic discrimination that underpins indigenous health disparities at-large.

Monte Carlo simulation of the radiation transport in chromium compensated gallium arsenide detectors / Simulación por Monte Carlo del transporte de las radiaciones en detectores dearseniuro de galio compensado con cromo

Abstract Some results obtained with the use of Monte Carlo mathematical simulation of radiation transport in Timepix hybrid detectors based on chromium compensated gallium arsenide are presented in this contribution. The MCNPX, GEANT4, SRIM and MCCM code systems were used for this purpose. The in-depth profiles of the deposited energy by the incident photons within the sensor active volume, the shapes and dimensions of the generated charge carriers clouds for different incident energies and specific geometrical conditions were obtained and presented. The 22Ne ions ranges in the target material for two different energies and the contributions of each energy loss channel were also determined. Finally, for a selected detector irradiated with photons of different energies, the displacement cross sections for each chemical element in the active material, as well as the number of displacements per atoms produced for each atomic species were calculated.

Resumen En este trabajo se presentan algunos de los resultados obtenidos con el uso de la modelación matemática por Monte Carlo del transporte de radiación en detectores híbridos Timepix basados en el arseniuro de galio compensado con cromo. Se emplearon para este propósito los sistemas de códigos MCNPX, GEANT4, SRIM y MCCM. Fueron obtenidos los perfiles en profundidad de la energía depositada por la radiación incidente dentro del volumen activo del sensor, las formas y dimensiones de las nubes de portadores de cargas generados por fotones incidentes de diferentes energías y condiciones geométricas específicas. También se determinaron los alcances de los iones de 22Ne de dos energías diferentes en el material blanco y las contribuciones de cada canal de pérdida de energía. Finalmente, para un detector seleccionado irradiado con fotones de diferentes energías se calcularon las secciones eficaces de desplazamiento para cada elemento químico en el material activo, así como el número de desplazamientos por átomos producidos para cada especie atómica.

Socioeconomic and demographic predictors of resident knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding arthropod-borne viruses in Panama.

BACKGROUND: We sought to identify if socioeconomic and demographic factors play a role in resident knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika in order to inform effective management procedures for disease prevention in Panama, a middle-income tropical country in Central America. All three are arthropod-borne viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquito vectors present in the focal region of Panama City, the largest city in Central America and an urban region of extreme socioeconomic polarization. METHODS: Between November 2017 and February 2018, we administered standardized, anonymous knowledge, attitude, and practice surveys to 263 residents split between two neighborhoods of high socioeconomic status (SES) and two neighborhoods of low SES. We then summed the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores respectively, and used linear and logistic regressions to quantify relationships with socioeconomic and demographic factors. RESULTS: Low-SES neighborhoods with high proportions of low income residents, residents over 70 years old had lower mean knowledge scores compared to other groups. Furthermore, residents in neighborhoods of low SES reported more mosquito biting relative to residents in neighborhoods of high SES, yet comparably lower level of concerns for disease transmission. Additionally, knowledge was lower for the more novel emergent threats of Chikungunya and Zika, compared to the endemic Dengue. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that low-SES neighborhoods with high proportions of low income, low education, and elderly residents should be targeted for outreach programs designed to prevent DENV, CHIKV, or ZIKV in Panama City. These outcomes support our initial hypotheses as lower relative knowledge and fewer practices related to the prevention of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika were found in low-SES neighborhoods. There is also a widespread lack of adequate knowledge regarding these diseases as well as low levels of concern in areas of highly reported mosquito biting. We provide suggestions for taking neighborhood socioeconomic status and specific aspects resident health literacy and attitude into account for creating more effective outreach campaigns as both endemic and novel arthropod-borne disease rates continue to increase throughout Latin America.

La salud mental: una necesidad impostergable de atención integral / Mental health: animpostergable necessity integral assistance

En la actualidad se ha considerado que han aumentado las enfermedades mentales debido al envejecimiento de la población, a los estilos de vida inadecuados y a la proporción cada vez mayor de personas que se hallan expuestas a situaciones psicosociales adversas. Se considera oportuno exponer algunas consideraciones sobre la necesidad de un abordaje integral de la salud mental a partir de la intersectorialidad. Se realizó una revisión sistemática a través de bases de datos reconocidas. Se concluye que la atención a la salud mental merece de la gestión de acciones unas ya conocidas y otras a implementar que disminuyan este flagelo para la humanidad(AU)

Currently it has been considered that mental diseases have increased because of aging growing of the population, inadequate life styles and the every time higher proportion of people who are at risk of adverse psycho social situations. It is considered as a pertinent aspect to expose about some considerations of the necessity of an integral management of mental health in an intersectorial way. A systematic library research has been performed using recognized data bases. As conclusion it can be said that mental health deserves known and other actions to implement for the decreasing of this flagellum for Humanity(AU)

The anti-CD6 antibody itolizumab provides clinical benefit without lymphopenia in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a 6-month, open-label Phase I clinical trial.

Itolizumab is a humanized anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that has previously shown encouraging results, in terms of safety and positive clinical effects, in a 6-week monotherapy clinical trial conducted in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The current Phase I study evaluated the safety and clinical response for a longer treatment of 12 itolizumab intravenous doses in subjects with active RA despite previous disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. Twenty-one subjects were enrolled into four dosage groups (0·1, 0·2, 0·4 and 0·8 mg/kg). Efficacy end-points including American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20, ACR50 and ACR70 response rates and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) were monitored at baseline and at specific time-points during a 10-week follow-up period. Itolizumab was well tolerated up to the highest tested dose. No related serious adverse events were reported and most adverse events were mild. Remarkably, itolizumab treatment did not produce lymphopenia and, therefore, was not associated with infections. All patients achieved a clinical response (ACR20) at least once during the study. Eleven subjects (55%) achieved at least a 20% improvement in ACR just 1 week after the first itolizumab administration. The clinical response was observed from the beginning of the treatment and was sustained during 24 weeks. The efficacy profile of this 12-week treatment was similar to that of the previous study (6-week treatment). These results reinforce the safety profile of itolizumab and provide further evidence on the clinical benefit from the use of this anti-CD6 mAb in RA patients.

Experiencia de los alumnos de la licenciatura en enfermería en el aprendizaje y aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería / The experience of Bachelor's Nursing degree students in the learning and implementation process of Nursing care

Introducción: El cuidado de la salud es el objeto de estudio de la disciplina, práctica propia para atender a la persona, familia y comunidad. Mientras el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) es el método de intervención distintivo de la profesión, el cual aprenden los estudiantes durante su formación, sin embargo, la esencia de este proceso no se manifiesta durante la teoría y el desarrollo de su práctica clínica, esta investigación se enfoca en la experiencia del alumno en el aprendizaje y aplicación del PAE. Objetivos: a) Describir cómo es la experiencia de los alumnos de la Licenciatura en Enfermería en el aprendizaje y aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería durante su formación académica. b) Identificar si el estudiante reconoce al PAE como la metodología propia de la disciplina para otorgar el cuidado. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo, con enfoque fenomenológico, utilizando entrevista en profundidad y grupo focal, participando previo consentimiento informado alumnos del 3ro al 7mo semestre, de los períodos 2016-2 y 2017-1 de la Licenciatura en Enfermería ENEO-UNAM, el análisis del discurso se realizó por saturación, codificando y descodificando, transcribiendo las entrevistas del lenguaje emic al etic, construyendo 3 categorías. Resultados: La primera: "Mundos diferentes" tuvo tres subcategorías, darse cuenta, vinculación teoría-práctica e influencia del profesional de enfermería. La segunda: "Formación teórica" tuvo dos subcategorías, aprendizaje complejo y, salud y enfermedad. La tercera categoría: Ambivalencia en la enseñanza del PAE por el docente" contó con dos subcategorías, heterogeneidad y desavenencia docente, y acompañamiento del profesor. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería ENEO-UNAM reconocen al PAE como una metodología necesaria para otorgar el cuidado, pero no han logrado construir una intencionalidad hacia esta herramienta de trabajo del cuidado que les permita abordarla de forma natural y razonada, creando un puente entre el ser y hacer de enfermería.

Introduction: Health care is the subject matter of Nursing care that in practice caters to the individual, family and community assistance. Considering that Nursing care process (PAE) is the distinctive method of intervention of this discipline which students learn during their training, however, the essence of this process does not manifest itself during the development of their clinical and theoretical practice. Specifically, the present research focuses on the experience of students along their learning and implementation PAE process. Objectives a) To describe the experience of the Bachelor's Nursing degree students regarding nursing care learning and its implementation process during their academic training. b) To identify if students recognize the PAE as the cornerstone methodology to provide care. Methodology The Descriptive qualitative, phenomenological approach is used to generate interview in depth and focal group. The participants in this research, with prior informed consent, are students from the 3rd to the 7th semester rom the periods 2016-2, and 2017-1 ENEO-UNAM Bachelor's nursing degree. The analysis of the discourse was made by saturation, encoding and decoding, transcribing the emic language interviews to the etic language into three categories. Results The first category called ""Different worlds"" had three subcategories to become aware, bonding and influence of the nursing professional. The second category denominated ""Theoretical training"" had two subcategories: complex learning, health and disease. The third category entitled ""Teacher's ambivalence in the teaching PAE"" had two subcategories, on one hand, heterogeneity and teaching disagreement, and, on the other hand, professor's monitoring. Conclusions The ENEO-UNAM Bachelor's nursing degree students recognize the PAE as an essential methodology to provide care, but have failed to build a purpose to address this work tool of care in such way that allows them to deal with it naturally and satisfactorily by building a bridge to fill the gap between being and doing nursing.

The Progetto Nazionale Emorragia Digestiva (PNED) system vs. the Rockall score as mortality predictors in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A multicenter prospective study. / Sistema Progetto Nazionale Emorragia Digestiva (PNED) vs. escala de Rockall como predictores de mortalidad en pacientes con hemorragia de tubo digestivo alto no variceal: un estudio multicéntrico prospectivo.

BACKGROUND: The predictive scale for mortality risk in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) proposed by Italy's PNED (Progetto Nazionale Emorragia Digestiva) group has not been validated in Latin America since its original publication. AIM: To compare the PNED system and the Rockall score as mortality predictors in patients hospitalized for NVUGIB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted that recruited patients diagnosed with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding within the time frame of 2011 to 2015. Six Mexican hospital centers participated in the study. The Rockall and PNED system scores were calculated, classifying the patients as having mild, moderate, or severe disease. The association between mortality and risk was determined through the chi-square test and relative risk (RR) calculation. Statistical significance was set at a P<.05. RESULTS: Information on 198 patients was collected. Only 8 patients (4%) died from causes directly associated with bleeding. According to the Rockall score, 46 patients had severe disease (23.2%), 5 of whom died, with a RR of 5.5 (CI 1.35-22.02, P=.006). In relation to the PNED, only 8 patients had severe disease (4%), 5 of whom died, with a RR of 38.7 (CI 11.4-137.3, P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: The PNED system was more selective for classifying a case as severe, but it had a greater predictive capacity for mortality, compared with the Rockall score.

Fecal incontinence and radiation dose on anal sphincter in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective, single-institutional study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study is to determine the correlations among the variables of dose and the sphincter function (SF) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative capecitabine/radiotherapy followed by low anterior resection (LAR) + TME. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 92 consecutive patients with LARC treated at our center with LAR from 2006 and more than 2 years free from disease. We re-contoured the anal sphincters (AS) of patients with the help of the radiologist. SF was assessed with the Wexner scale (0-20 points, being punctuation inversely proportional to annal sphincter functionality). All questionnaires were filled out between January 2010 and December 2012. Dosimetric parameters that have been studied include V 20, V 30, V 40, V 50, mean dose (D mean), minimum dose (D min), D 90 (dose received by 90% of the sphincter) and D 98. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The correlations among the variables of dose and SF were studied by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Differences in SF relating to maximum doses to the sphincter were assessed by the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Mean Wexner score was 5.5 points higher in those patients with V 20 > 0 compared to those for which V 20 = 0 (p = 0.008). In a multivariate regression model, results suggest that the effect of V 20 on poor anal sphincter control is independent of the effect of distance, with an adjusted OR of 3.42. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the SF in rectal cancer treated with preoperative radiotherapy/capecitabine followed by conservative surgery, the maximum radiation dose to the AS should be limited, when possible, to <20 Gy.