Impact of Fat Replacement by Using Organic-Candelilla-Wax-Based Oleogels on the Physicochemical and Sensorial Properties of a Model Cookie.

Oleogelation is an alternative process to improve the nutritional properties of food by creating soft-matter structures with the same functionality as commercial fats (shortenings). In this study, oleogels were produced by adding organic candelilla wax at 3% (OC03), 6% (OC06), and 9% (OC09) to extra-virgin linseed oil, and then characterized by their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the physicochemical and sensorial properties of five cookie formulations were evaluated. Organic candelilla wax influenced the oleogel formulations, giving higher values of color (L* and b*), texture, acidity index, and melting point. In the cookie formulations, the luminosity values decreased when the percentage of oleogel was increased; reddish trends were obtained (a* values) for the cookie where 70% of the fat was replaced by the oleogel (C70), and more yellow trends were obtained (b* values) for C100. The moisture content was higher in cookies with oleogels, but it was within quality limits. The percentage of fat migration was lower in cookies with a mixture of fats and oleogels. In terms of hardness, the substitution of oleogels resulted in softer cookies. In terms of the sensory evaluation, the most accepted cookie was C70. Therefore, this study demonstrates the possibility of using organic-candelilla-wax-based oleogels in a real food model rich in unsaturated fats.

Hipoacusia neurosensorial inducido por el ruido en estudiantes de odondologia / Noise-Induced Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Dental Students

Objeto: Evaluar la presencia de hipoacusia neurosensorial inducida por ruido en relación a la edad, sexo, sintomatología otológica, y el tiempo de exposición al ruido laboral mediante una revisión clínica y el estudio de audiometría tonal luminal en pacientes de la carrera de odontología, que acuden al Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Clínico Viedma.

Mexican immigrant parents' hopes for their children and parenting strategies in different immigration climates.

In the present article, we explore the hopes that immigrant parents of Mexican origin have for their children and the strategies they employ to foster such hopes in light of immigration status, immigration climate, and transnational lived experiences. We conducted six focus groups with 42 immigrant parents of Mexican origin living in Arizona and Texas to explore their hopes and strategies used to foster hopes. Parents, the majority of whom were mothers, defined hopes in terms of what they can provide to their children, including (a) a better life through education and economic opportunities, (b) a strong moral and civic upbringing, and (c) safety from neighborhood crime and hostile immigrant climates. Parents fostered these hopes through the strategies of using self as example, parental involvement and monitoring, self-sacrifice, and family unity. Mothers of unauthorized immigration status raising children in a harsh immigration climate also avoided undue public exposure to ensure their children's safety, a task that was difficult for fathers as breadwinners. Immigration status and climate influenced parents' ability to provide opportunities for their children to pursue educational and career opportunities. We discuss parents' hopes and parenting strategies in the context of different immigration climates, highlight emerging gender differences, and provide recommendations for research and practice.

En el presente artículo, analizamos las esperanzas que tienen los padres inmigrantes de origen mexicano para sus hijos y las estrategias que emplean para alimentar dichas esperanzas teniendo en cuenta la situación migratoria, el ambiente de inmigración y las experiencias transnacionales vividas. Organizamos seis grupos de análisis con 42 padres inmigrantes de origen mexicano que viven en Arizona y Texas con el fin de analizar sus esperanzas y estrategias utilizadas para alimentar esperanzas. Los padres, la mayoría de los cuales eran madres, definieron las esperanzas desde el punto de vista de lo que les pueden facilitar a sus hijos, por ejemplo, una vida mejor mediante oportunidades educativas y económicas, una fuerte educación cívica y moral, y protección contra la delincuencia barrial y los ambientes hostiles de inmigrantes. Los padres alimentaron estas esperanzas mediante las estrategias de uso de su propio ejemplo, su participación y supervisión, el sacrificio propio y la unidad familiar. Las madres de situación migratoria no autorizada que criaron hijos en un ambiente hostil de inmigrantes también evitaron la exposición pública excesiva para garantizar la seguridad de sus hijos, una tarea que fue difícil para los padres como sostenes de la familia. La situación y el ambiente migratorios influyeron en la capacidad de los padres de brindar posibilidades a sus hijos de seguir oportunidades educativas y profesionales. Explicamos las esperanzas de los padres y las estrategias de crianza en el contexto de diferentes ambientes de inmigración, destacamos las diferencias de género que surgieron, y ofrecemos recomendaciones para la investigación y la práctica.

Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Purified Hydroalcoholic Extracts from Seven Mexican Persea americana Cultivars.

Persea americana (avocado) is a fruit consumed worldwide; however, since avocado leaves are apparently a natural ingredient that can be used as a traditional medicine, they can be a potential source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of seven Mexican avocado leaf extracts by DPPH•, ABTS•+, and lipid peroxidation (LPO), and to identify the compound profile by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry/electron spray ionization. The highest free radical-scavenging activity was observed for Platano Delgado and Criollo 6 avocado cultivars havin IC50 values of 271.86 ± 13.69 and 269.56 ± 6.53 for DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals, respectively, while the best result for lipid oxidation inhibition was registered in Criollo 6 cultivar extract. In this study forty-one compounds were detected in avocado leaves of the the seven cultivars analyzed, and of these compounds, eighteen phenolics were identified for first time in such plant material. The present study demonstrated that Mexican cultivars of Persea americana possess diverse polyphenolic compounds with strong antioxidant activity, which might be useful in the food and pharmaceutical industries.