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1.
World Neurosurg ; 128: e1118-e1125, 2019 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31121363

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a cause of dementia that can be reversed when treated timely with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Understanding CSF dynamics throughout the development of hydrocephalus is crucial to identify prognostic markers to estimate benefit/risk to shunts. OBJECTIVE: To explore the cerebral aqueduct CSF flow dynamics with phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a novel rodent model of adult chronic communicating hydrocephalus. METHODS: Kaolin was injected into the subarachnoid space at the convexities in Sprague-Dawley adult rats. 11.7-T Bruker MRI was used to acquire T2-weighted images for anatomic identification and phase-contrast MRI at the cerebral aqueduct. Aqueductal stroke volume (ASV) results were compared with the ventricular volume (VV) at 15, 60, 90, and 120 days. RESULTS: Significant ventricular enlargement was found in kaolin-injected animals at all times (P < 0.001). ASV differed between cases and controls/shams at every time point (P = 0.004, 0.001, 0.001, and <0.001 at 15, 60, 90, and 120 days, respectively). After correlation between the ASV and the VV, there was a significant correlation at 15 (P = 0.015), 60 (P = 0.001), 90 (P < 0.001), and 120 days. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the VV expansion and the aqueductal CSF stroke between 15 and 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: An initial active phase of rapid ventricular enlargement shows a strong correlation between the expansion of the VV and the increment in the ASV during the first 60 days, followed by a second phase with less ventricular enlargement and heterogeneous behavior in the ASV. Further correlation with complementary data from intracranial pressure and histologic/microstructural brain parenchyma assessments are needed to better understand the ASV variations after 60 days.


Asunto(s)
Acueducto del Mesencéfalo/fisiopatología , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hidrocefalia/fisiopatología , Hidrodinámica , Animales , Acueducto del Mesencéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/diagnóstico por imagen , Medios de Contraste , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagen , Caolín , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
2.
World Neurosurg ; 120: e1120-e1127, 2018 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30217783

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The pathophysiology of normal-pressure hydrocephalus and the correlation with its symptomatology is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To monitor and evaluate the enlargement patterns of the ventricular system for each ventricle and its correlation with the presenting symptoms. METHODS: Bilateral kaolin injection into the subarachnoid space overlying the cranial convexities was done in 18 adult rats. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on an 11.7-T scanner 15, 60, 90, and 120 days after injection. Volumes of the ventricular system were measured for each ventricle and correlated with biweekly behavioral findings. RESULTS: There was a progressive increase in the ventricular volume for the lateral ventricles since day 15 in the kaolin-injected animals. There was a nonsignificant trend in volume growth for the third ventricle, but its enlargement was synchronous with the lateral ventricles. No significant change for the fourth ventricle. No symptoms were detected in the first 60 days. Association was found between the ventricular volume and locomotor changes. In addition, the odds of locomotor symptoms increased by 3% for every additional cubic millimeter of volume in the left (P < 0.001) and right (P = 0.023) ventricles, and for the total magnetic resonance imaging volume by 1% (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Expansion of the lateral ventricles maintained similar proportions over time, accompanied by a synchronous third ventricular expansion with less proportion and a nonsignificant fourth enlargement. Lateral ventricles enlarged most in those animals that were to develop late locomotor deterioration. Further research using this animal model combined with different radiologic imaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging and perfusion studies, is recommended.


Asunto(s)
Ventrículos Cerebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Ventrículos Cerebrales/fisiopatología , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagen , Hidrocefalia/fisiopatología , Animales , Ventrículos Cerebrales/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Hidrocefalia/patología , Caolín , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
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