Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Neighborhood Child Opportunity Index.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between the Child Opportunity Index (COI) and food insecurity. STUDY DESIGN: This was a secondary analysis of a comprehensive screening instrument for social determinants of health and behavioral health risks. It was administered in 2 urban pediatric emergency departments to adolescents aged 13-21 years and caregivers of children aged 0-17 years. Food insecurity was assessed using the 2-item Hunger Vital Sign. Residential addresses were geocoded and linked with COI data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were developed to measure the relationship between COI and food insecurity. RESULTS: Of the 954 participants (384 adolescents, 570 caregivers) who underwent screening, 15.7% identified food insecurity (14.3% of adolescent and 16.7% of caregiver participants). The majority of participants were non-Hispanic Black (overall, 62.3%; food secure, 60.9%; food insecure, 72.0%), were publicly insured (overall, 56.6%; food secure, 53.1%; food insecure, 73.3%), and lived in neighborhoods of low/very low opportunity (overall, 76.9%; food secure, 74.7%; food insecure, 88.3%). In adjusted analyses, participants living in neighborhoods of low/very low child opportunity had 3-fold greater odds of being food insecure compared with children living in neighborhoods of high child opportunity (aOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.3). CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that food insecurity is associated with lower neighborhood opportunity. Our results could inform future screening initiatives and support the development of novel, place-based interventions to tackle the complex issue of food insecurity.

A Vacuum-Powered Artificial Muscle Designed for Infant Rehabilitation.

The majority of soft pneumatic actuators for rehabilitation exercises have been designed for adult users. Specifically, there is a paucity of soft rehabilitative devices designed for infants with upper and lower limb motor disabilities. We present a low-profile vacuum-powered artificial muscle (LP-VPAM) with dimensions suitable for infants. The actuator produced a maximum force of 26 N at vacuum pressures of -40 kPa. When implemented in an experimental model of an infant leg in an antagonistic-agonist configuration to measure resultant knee flexion, the actuator generated knee flexion angles of 43° and 61° in the prone and side-lying position, respectively.