RESUMEN
Substance abuse is the most prevalent comorbid psychiatric condition associated with schizophrenia. Cannabis is a drug frequently used for schizophrenic patients. In the last decades the endocannabinoid system and their endogenous ligands have been discovered. Endogenous cannabinoids act in the brain on cannabinoid CB1 receptor. On the other hand this system may be involved in several brain functions through neuromodulation dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter system involved in schizophrenic and substance abuse disorders. Advances of genetic research have addressed the focus on the search of candidate genes for both disorders. In this review we have summarized the studies published about the CNR1 gene on schizophrenia and substance abuse disorders.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Adictiva/genética , Moduladores de Receptores de Cannabinoides/genética , Endocannabinoides , Expresión Génica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , HumanosRESUMEN
La esquizofrenia presenta una alta comorbilidad con los trastornos adictivos, siendo el cannabis una de las sustancias más frecuentemente consumidas por estos pacientes. En los últimos años hemos asistido al descubrimiento del sistema endocannabinoide, conociéndose que las acciones centrales de los endocannabinoides se vehiculan a través de los receptores cerebrales de tipo 1 (CB1) codificados por el gen CNR1. El sistema endocannabinoide interviene en una gran cantidad de procesos cerebrales a través de su interacción con otros sistemas de neurotransmisión, encontrándose implicado a su vez en la neurobiología de la esquizofrenia y de los trastornos adictivos. La investigación genética en los últimos años se ha dirigido en pacientes con estos trastornos psiquiátricos al estudio de marcadores polimórficos de genes candidatos, entre ellos el gen CNR1. En esta revisión se describen los estudios realizados con el gen CNR1 en ambos trastornos
Substance abuse is the most prevalent comorbid psychiatric condition associated with schizophrenia. Cannabis is a drug frequently used for schizoprenic patients. In the last decades the endocannabinoid system and their endogenous ligands have been discovered. Endogenous cannabinoids act in the brain on cannabinoid CB1 receptor. On the other hand this system may be involved in several brain functions through neuromodulation dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter system involved in schizophrenic and substance abuse disorders. Advances of genetic research have addressed the focus on the search of candidate genes for both disorders. In this review we have summarized the studies published about the CNR1 gene on szhizophrenia and substance abuse disorders