Ventral hernia secondary to giant omphalocele in a child: combined approach of botulinum toxin and preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum.

Omphalocele is a congenital abdominal wall defect that occurs approximately 1 in 4000-6000 live births. The abdominal-visceral disproportion, large diameter of the defect, volume of liver in the sac along with high incidence of associated anomalies make the surgical management a real challenge. Currently, there are two strategies for managing giant omphaloceles, staged surgical closure and nonoperative delayed closure. The combined treatment with PPP and BoNT/A injection has recently been described in adults. There is strong evidence on safety and efficacy of the use of BoNT/As in other areas of pediatrics and no recent reports of PPP use in children. Also, there are no data available about the combination of both techniques in pediatric population. The purpose of this manuscript is to report a case of a 7-year-old female child that was referred to our institution with a large ventral hernia secondary to omphalocele. We opted for a combined approach with BoNT/A injection and PPP before the definitive surgery. The surgical result was great with midline closure with no tension and no need for prosthetic substitution or component separation needed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of BoNT/A injection and PPP for large ventral hernias in children. BoNT/A application was safe and the PPP technique was also proved to be applicable on children. We believe that the combination of BoNT/A and PPP presented to be a safe approach with an excellent result, particularly for not needing abdominal wall prosthetic substitution.

Selectivity curves of the capture of mangrove crab (Ucides cordatus) on the northern coast of Brazil using bayesian inference / Curvas de seletividade da captura do caranguejo-uçá (Ucides cordatus) na costa norte do Brasil usando a inferência bayesiana

Abstract Fishing selectivity of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus in the north coast of Brazil can be defined as the fisherman's ability to capture and select individuals from a certain size or sex (or a combination of these factors) which suggests an empirical selectivity. Considering this hypothesis, we calculated the selectivity curves for males and females crabs using the logit function of the logistic model in the formulation. The Bayesian inference consisted of obtaining the posterior distribution by applying the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to software R using the OpenBUGS, BRugs, and R2WinBUGS libraries. The estimated results of width average carapace selection for males and females compared with previous studies reporting the average width of the carapace of sexual maturity allow us to confirm the hypothesis that most mature individuals do not suffer from fishing pressure; thus, ensuring their sustainability.

Resumo A seletividade na pesca do caranguejo-uçá, na costa norte do Brasil, pode ser definida como a habilidade do pescador em capturar e selecionar indivíduos a partir de certo tamanho ou determinado sexo (ou pela combinação destes fatores) o que sugere uma seletividade empírica. Considerando esta hipótese foram calculadas as curvas de seletividade para caranguejos machos e fêmeas utilizando-se a função logit na formulação do modelo logístico. A inferência Bayesiana consistiu em obter a distribuição posterior com aplicação do método Monte Carlo com Cadeias de Markov - MCMC no software R com o uso do OpenBUGS e auxílio das bibliotecas BRugs e R2WinBUGS. Os resultados estimados de largura da carapaça média de seleção para machos e fêmeas comparados com estudos anteriores que relatam a largura da carapaça média de primeira maturação sexual permitem confirmar a hipótese de que grande parte dos indivíduos maduros não sofre a pressão da pesca o que garante sua sustentabilidade.

Selectivity curves of the capture of mangrove crab (Ucides cordatus) on the northern coast of Brazil using bayesian inference.

Fishing selectivity of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus in the north coast of Brazil can be defined as the fisherman's ability to capture and select individuals from a certain size or sex (or a combination of these factors) which suggests an empirical selectivity. Considering this hypothesis, we calculated the selectivity curves for males and females crabs using the logit function of the logistic model in the formulation. The Bayesian inference consisted of obtaining the posterior distribution by applying the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to software R using the OpenBUGS, BRugs, and R2WinBUGS libraries. The estimated results of width average carapace selection for males and females compared with previous studies reporting the average width of the carapace of sexual maturity allow us to confirm the hypothesis that most mature individuals do not suffer from fishing pressure; thus, ensuring their sustainability.