RESUMEN
Using differential display polymerase chain reaction, we cloned a novel cDNA named RoBo-1 from rat tibia. RoBo-1 is abundantly expressed in bone, including the hypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate where cartilage is remodeled into bone. RoBo-1 mRNA expression increased in response to two modulators of bone metabolism, estradiol and intermittent mechanical loading, suggesting a role in bone homeostasis. The 1.6-kilobase cDNA encodes a 240-amino acid protein with a cysteine spacing pattern, suggesting that RoBo-1 is a novel member of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor/CD59/Ly-6/snake toxin family. Furthermore, the C-terminal contains a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol attachment site, suggesting that it is a cell surface protein similar to other mammalian members of this family. The strongest homology of RoBo-1 is to the snake serum-derived phospholipase A2 inhibitors, which uniquely contain two of the cysteine domains but are secreted proteins. Interestingly, RoBo-1 is likely the first membrane-anchored member of this family containing two cysteine domains. Thus, the tissue specificity, responsiveness to bone protective mediators, along with its relationship to the multifunctional urokinase plasminogen activator receptor/CD59/Ly-6/snake toxin family suggests that RoBo-1 may play a novel role in the growth or remodeling of bone.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/metabolismo , Cartílago/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/genética , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Clonación Molecular , Cisteína/genética , Estradiol/farmacología , Glicosilación , Hibridación in Situ , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Biosíntesis de Proteínas/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Superficie Celular/química , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
Various accounting practices are used for the treatment of medical malpractice claims, related malpractice insurance, and trust funds. To decrease the diversity of accounting practices in these areas and provide more specific guidance to healthcare providers, the AICPA has issued several proposed guidelines concerning accounting treatment of asserted and unasserted medical malpractice claims, providers' claims-made insurance policies, retrospectively rated insurance premiums, captive insurance companies, and trust funds.