RESUMEN
GOAL: Earlier studies have documented that coronary artery disease (CAD) produces weak murmurs, which might be detected through analysis of heart sounds. An electronic stethoscope with a digital signal processing unit could be a low cost and easily applied method for diagnosis of CAD. The current study is a search for heart sound features which might identify CAD. METHODS: Nine different types of features from five overlapping frequency bands were obtained and analyzed using 435 recordings from 133 subjects. RESULTS: New features describing an increase in low-frequency power in CAD patients were identified. The features of the different types were relatively strongly correlated. Using a quadratic discriminant function, multiple features were combined into a CAD-score. The area under the receiving operating characteristic for the CAD score was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69-0.78). CONCLUSION: The result confirms that there is a potential in heart sounds for the diagnosis of CAD, but that further improvements are necessary to gain clinical relevance.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico , Auscultación Cardíaca/métodos , Ruidos Cardíacos/fisiología , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and recently also adipose-derived stem cells has shown promising results. In contrast to clinical trials and their use of autologous bone marrow-derived cells from the ischemic patient, the animal MI models are often using young donors and young, often immune-compromised, recipient animals. Our objective was to compare bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with adipose-derived stem cells from an elderly ischemic patient in the treatment of MI using a fully grown non-immune-compromised rat model. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue and bone marrow and compared with respect to surface markers and proliferative capability. To compare the regenerative potential of the two stem cell populations, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive intramyocardial injections of adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, or phosphate-buffered saline 1 week following induction of MI. After 4 weeks, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was improved in the adipose-derived stem cell group, and scar wall thickness was greater compared with the saline group. Adipose-derived as well as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevented left ventricular end diastolic dilation. Neither of the cell groups displayed increased angiogenesis in the myocardium compared with the saline group. Adipose-derived stem cells from a human ischemic patient preserved cardiac function following MI, whereas this could not be demonstrated for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, with only adipose-derived stem cells leading to an improvement in LVEF. Neither of the stem cell types induced myocardial angiogenesis, raising the question whether donor age and health have an effect on the efficacy of stem cells used in the treatment of MI.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/citología , Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Células Madre/citología , Animales , Apoptosis/fisiología , Ecocardiografía , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Masculino , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the treatment of left-sided infective endocarditis (IE) recommend 4 to 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. Conversion from intravenous to oral antibiotics in clinically stabilized patients could reduce the side effects associated with intravenous treatment and shorten the length of hospital stay. Evidence supporting partial oral therapy as an alternative to the routinely recommended continued parenteral therapy is scarce, although observational data suggest that this strategy may be safe and effective. STUDY DESIGN: This is a noninferiority, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label study of partial oral treatment with antibiotics compared with full parenteral treatment in left-sided IE. Stable patients (n = 400) with streptococci, staphylococci, or enterococci infecting the mitral valve or the aortic valve will be included. After a minimum of 10 days of parenteral treatment, stable patients are randomized to oral therapy or unchanged parenteral therapy. Recommendations for oral treatment have been developed based on minimum inhibitory concentrations and pharmacokinetic calculations. Patients will be followed up for 6 months after completion of antibiotic therapy. The primary end point is a composition of all-cause mortality, unplanned cardiac surgery, embolic events, and relapse of positive blood cultures with the primary pathogen. CONCLUSION: The Partial Oral Treatment of Endocarditis study tests the hypothesis that partial oral antibiotic treatment is as efficient and safe as parenteral therapy in left-sided IE. The trial is justified by a review of the literature, by pharmacokinetic calculations, and by our own experience.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Endocarditis Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Adulto , Anciano , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Endocarditis Bacteriana/sangre , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A 71 year-old male with interscapular pain was admitted on suspicion of an acute aortic dissection. The diagnosis was not supported by echocardiography or computed tomography (CT). Physical examination showed an erythematous area of the skin with crepitation between the scapulae, and the CT showed subcutaneous emphysema of the entire back region. Necrotising fasciitis was diagnosed and despite aggressive supportive therapy the patient died within hours. Blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae and this case adds to the list of reports of necrotising fasciitis related to pneumococci.
Asunto(s)
Fascitis Necrotizante/diagnóstico , Neumonía Neumocócica/diagnóstico , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Fascitis Necrotizante/microbiología , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Neumonía Neumocócica/complicaciones , Streptococcus pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Breast cancer frequently leads to incurable bone metastasis. Essential requirements for the development of bone metastasis are cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, release of bioactive growth factors and cytokines, and removal of large amounts of bone matrix. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in all of these processes, but the possibility of using synthetic MMP inhibitors to decrease bone metastasis has received little attention. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In the present study, we tested two general MMP inhibitors, BB-94 and GM6001, in a mouse model of breast cancer-induced bone metastasis. RESULTS: In a simulation of intervention therapy, mice were inoculated with breast cancer cells, and at the time of diagnosis of osteolytic lesions, the mice were treated for 10 or 15 consecutive days with BB-94 or GM6001, respectively. Both inhibitors reduced the growth of osteolytic lesions by >55% compared with control mice. Next, we simulated prevention therapy by initiating treatment with GM6001 at time of inoculation with cancer cells or 3 days earlier. Assessment of osteolytic lesions 28 days after inoculation showed that, in both cases, the treatment reduced the size of the osteolytic lesions by 60%, compared with that of control mice. Importantly, MMP inhibition also resulted in extension of symptom-free survival in the mice, whether the treatment was initiated at the time of diagnosis of osteolytic lesions or of cancer cell inoculation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests the potential of synthetic MMP inhibitors as intervention or prevention treatments of breast cancer-induced osteolysis.