[Anomalous insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle: ultrasound findings]. / Aspect échographique des anomalies d'insertion du muscle pectoralis minor (petit pectoral).

PURPOSE: With anomalous insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle, its distal fibers pass over the coracoid process instead of inserting on it, following sometimes a trajectory very similar to that of the coracohumeral ligament. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the frequency of detection of this anomalous insertion by ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasound demonstrated the abnormal insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle by directly visualizing its fibers slipping over the coracoid process during external and internal rotation of the humerus. Three hundred and three individuals underwent ultrasound of the shoulders (64,7% female, mean age of 45 years), for a total of six hundred and six shoulders; 30% (183/606) were symptomatic. RESULTS: An abnormal insertion was demonstrated in 9,57% of the examined shoulders (58/606), with a statistically significant predominance on the left side (12,2%) compared to the right side (6,9%), and of women (12,2%) compared to men (4,7%). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound demonstrated an abnormal insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle in 9,57% of 606 examined shoulders. There was a female and left side predominance and no significant correlation with symptoms.

Knee imaging after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

An increasing number of reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are performed every year, due to both the increasing occurrence of sport related injuries and the development of diagnostic and surgical techniques. The most used surgical procedure for the torn ACL reconstruction is the use of autogenous material, most often the patellar and semitendinosus tendons. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spiral-CT performed after arthrography with multiplanar reconstructions are the imaging methods of choice for post-operative evaluation of ACL ligamentoplasty. This paper provides a brief bibliographic and more extensive pictorial review of the normal evolution and possible complications after ACL repair.

Retrocalcaneal bursitis in juvenile chronic arthritis.

Retrocalcaneal bursitis has been described in various adult rheumatic diseases and septic bursitis unrelated to previous bursal disease has been reported in children. The case is reported here of a girl with juvenile chronic arthritis who developed non-septic retrocalcaneal bursitis; the diagnosis was suggested by a combination of clinical and radiographic studies and was confirmed by ultrasonography.