A fluorescence probe with targeted mitochondria for detecting hydrogen peroxide in vitro and in diabetic mice.

We designed and prepared probe W-1 for the detection of H2O2. W-1 showed excellent selectivity for H2O2 and was accompanied by colorimetric signal changes. The excellent linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and H2O2 concentration (0-100 µM) provided favorable conditions for its quantitative detection. In addition, the combination of portable test strips with a smartphone platform provided great convenience for on-site visual detection of H2O2. Moreover, W-1 possessed targeting mitochondria property and could be applied to image the exogenous and endogenous H2O2 in cells to distinguish normal cells and cancer cells. Lastly, W-1 was used for monitoring the H2O2 fluctuation of the diabetic process in mice, and the results showed an increase in H2O2 levels in diabetes. Therefore, the probe provided a tool for understanding the pathological and physiological mechanisms of diabetes by imaging H2O2.

[Value of single-phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls with different levels of body mass index]. / 单时相GnRHæ¿€å‘è¯•éªŒå¯¹ä¸åŒä½“é‡æŒ‡æ•°å¥³ç«¥ä¸­æž¢æ€§æ€§æ—©ç†Ÿè¯Šæ–­ä»·å€¼çš„ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the value of single-phase gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls with different levels of body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 760 girls with breast development before 7.5 years of age who attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to August 2023. According to the results of GnRH stimulation test and clinical manifestations, they were divided into a CPP group (297 girls) and a non-CPP group (463 girls). According to the values of BMI, the girls were divided into a normal weight group (540 girls), an overweight group (116 girls), and an obese group (104 girls). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the value of single-phase GnRH stimulation test in the diagnosis of CPP in girls with different levels of BMI. RESULTS: Luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone at 30 minutes after GnRH stimulation had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.985 in the diagnosis of CPP, which was higher than the AUC at 0, 60, and 90 minutes (P<0.05). LH at 30 minutes had a similar diagnostic value to LH at 60 minutes (P>0.05). LH at 30 minutes was negatively correlated with BMI and BMI-Z value (P<0.05).The AUC for diagnosing CPP in normal weight, overweight, and obese girls at 30 minutes LH was 0.952, 0.965, and 0.954, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 30-minute GnRH stimulation test has a good value in the diagnosis of CPP in girls with different levels of BMI and is expected to replace the traditional GnRH stimulation test, but the influence of BMI on LH level should be taken seriously.

Encapsulation engineering of porous crystalline frameworks for delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence.

Delayed luminescence (DF), including phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) exhibit common and broad application prospects in optoelectronic displays, biological imaging, and encryption. Thus, the combination of delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence is attracting increasing attention. The encapsulation of guest emitters in various host matrices to form host-guest systems has been demonstrated to be an appealing strategy to further enhance and/or modulate their delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence. Compared with conventional liquid crystals, polymers, and supramolecular matrices, porous crystalline frameworks (PCFs) including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), zeolites and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) can not only overcome shortcomings such as flexibility and disorder but also achieve the ordered encapsulation of guests and long-term stability of chiral structures, providing new promising host platforms for the development of DF and CPL. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and critical summary of the recent progress in host-guest photochemistry via the encapsulation engineering of guest emitters in PCFs, particularly focusing on delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence. Initially, the general principle of phosphorescence, TADF and CPL, the combination of DF and CPL, and energy transfer processes between host and guests are introduced. Subsequently, we comprehensively discuss the critical factors affecting the encapsulation engineering of guest emitters in PCFs, such as pore structures, the confinement effect, charge and energy transfer between the host and guest, conformational dynamics, and aggregation model of guest emitters. Thereafter, we summarize the effective methods for the preparation of host-guest systems, especially single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation and epitaxial growth, which are distinct from conventional methods based on amorphous materials. Then, the recent advancements in host-guest systems based on PCFs for delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence are highlighted. Finally, we present our personal insights into the challenges and future opportunities in this promising field.

Hierarchical chiral MOFs with the induced chirality of AIE ligands exhibiting non-reciprocal CPL.

Two pairs of chiral MOFs with hierarchical chiral structures were constructed through assembly of achiral AIE-type multidentate linkers and chiral camphoric acid. Non-reciprocal circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) can be observed on the macroscopic due to the coexistence of optical anisotropic and chiroptical nature. This study provides a new perspective to recognize and construct chiral crystalline materials.

Triply Interlocked [2]catenanes: Rational Synthesis, Reversible Conversion Studies and Unprecedented Application in Photothermal Responsive Elastomer.

Triply interlocked [2]catenane complexes featuring two identical, mechanically interlocked units are extraordinarily rare chemical compounds, whose properties and applications remain open to detailed studies. Herein, we introduce the rational design of a new ligand precursor, L1, suitable for the synthesis of six triply interlocked [2]catenanes by coordination-driven self-assembly. The interlocked compounds can be reversibly converted into the corresponding simple triangular prism metallacage by addition of H2O or DMF solvents to their CH3OH solutions, thereby demonstrating the importance of π···π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions in the formation of triply interlocked [2]catenanes. Moreover, extensive studies have been conducted to assess the remarkable photothermal conversion performance. Complex 6a, exhibiting outstanding photothermal conversion performance (conversion efficiency in solution : 31.82%), is used to prepare novel photoresponsive elastomer in combination with thermally activated liquid crystal elastomer. The resultant material displays robust response to near-infrared (NIR) laser and the capability of completely reforming the shape and reversible actuation, paving the way for the application of half-sandwich organometallic units in photo-responsive smart materials.

Hydroformylation of Olefins with CO2/H2 and Hydrosilane by Copper/Cobalt Tandem Catalysis.

A Cu/Co tandem catalysis protocol was developed to conduct the hydroformylation of olefins using CO2/H2 and PMHS (polymethylhydrosiloxane) as a readily available and environmentally friendly hydride source. This methodology was performed via a two-step approach consisting of the copper-catalyzed reduction of CO2 by hydrosilane and subsequent cobalt-promoted hydroformylation with H2 and the in situ formed CO. The optimized triphos oxide ligand, which presumably facilitates the migratory insertion of CO gives moderate to excellent yields for both terminal and internal alkenes. This earth-abundant metal catalysis provides a reliable and efficient way to afford useful aldehydes in industry using silicon by-product PMHS as hydrogen source and renewable CO2 as carbonyl source.

Chloride- and Hydrosulfide-Bound 2Fe Complexes as Models of the Oxygen-Stable State of [FeFe] Hydrogenase.

[FeFe] hydrogenases demonstrate remarkable catalytic efficiency in hydrogen evolution and oxidation processes. However, susceptibility of these enzymes to oxygen-induced degradation impedes their practical deployment in hydrogen-production devices and fuel cells. Recent investigations into the oxygen-stable (Hinact) state of the H-cluster revealed its inherent capacity to resist oxygen degradation. Herein, we present findings on Cl- and SH-bound [2Fe-2S] complexes, bearing relevance to the oxygen-stable state within a biological context. A characteristic attribute of these complexes is the terminal Cl-/SH- ligation to the iron center bearing the CO bridge. Structural analysis of the t-Cl demonstrates a striking resemblance to the Hinact state of DdHydAB and CbA5H. The t-Cl/t-SH exhibit reversible oxidation, with both redox species, electronically, being the first biomimetic analogs to the Htrans and Hinact states. These complexes exhibit notable resistance against oxygen-induced decomposition, supporting the potential oxygen-resistant nature of the Htrans and Hinact states. The swift reductive release of the Cl-/SH-group demonstrates its labile and kinetically controlled binding. The findings garnered from these investigations offer valuable insights into properties of the enzymatic O2-stable state, and key factors governing deactivation and reactivation conversion. This work contributes to the advancement of bio-inspired molecular catalysts and the integration of enzymes and artificial catalysts into H2-evolution devices and fuel-cell applications.

Receptor transfer between immune cells by autoantibody-enhanced, CD32-driven trogocytosis is hijacked by HIV-1 to infect resting CD4 T cells.

Immune cell phenotyping frequently detects lineage-unrelated receptors. Here, we report that surface receptors can be transferred from primary macrophages to CD4 T cells and identify the Fcγ receptor CD32 as driver and cargo of this trogocytotic transfer. Filamentous CD32+ nanoprotrusions deposit distinct plasma membrane patches onto target T cells. Transferred receptors confer cell migration and adhesion properties, and macrophage-derived membrane patches render resting CD4 T cells susceptible to infection by serving as hotspots for HIV-1 binding. Antibodies that recognize T cell epitopes enhance CD32-mediated trogocytosis. Such autoreactive anti-HIV-1 envelope antibodies can be found in the blood of HIV-1 patients and, consistently, the percentage of CD32+ CD4 T cells is increased in their blood. This CD32-mediated, antigen-independent cell communication mode transiently expands the receptor repertoire and functionality of immune cells. HIV-1 hijacks this mechanism by triggering the generation of trogocytosis-promoting autoantibodies to gain access to immune cells critical to its persistence.

Electrochemical E-Selective Semireductive Dicarboxylation of Aryl Alkynes with CO2.

Herein, we report an electrochemical protocol for the dicarboxylation of aryl alkynes using CO2. With a graphite rod as the cathode and Al as the sacrificial anode, a series of valuable butenedioic acids are obtained in moderate to excellent yields with an E/Z ratio up to 50:1. This method features high E-selectivity, high step and atom economy, easy scalability, and a nice substrate scope, which renders it appealing for promising applications in organic synthesis and materials chemistry.

Dendrobium officinale phenolic extract maintains proteostasis by regulating autophagy in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and accumulating evidence suggested that proteostatic imbalance is a key feature of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine exhibits a multi-target therapeutic effect, making it highly suitable for addressing protein homeostasis imbalance in AD. Dendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese herbs commonly used as tonic agent in China. In this study, we investigated protection effects of D. officinale phenolic extract (SH-F) and examined its underlying mechanisms by using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans models. We found that treatment with SH-F (50 µg/mL) alleviated Aß and tau protein toxicity in worms, and also reduced aggregation of polyglutamine proteins to help maintain proteostasis. RNA sequencing results showed that SH-F treatment significantly affected the proteolytic process and autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Furthermore, we confirmed that SH-F showing maintainance of proteostasis was dependent on bec-1 by qRT-PCR analysis and RNAi methods. Finally, we identified active components of SH-F by LC-MS method, and found the five major compounds including koaburaside, tyramine dihydroferulate, N-p-trans-coumaroyltyramine, naringenin and isolariciresinol are the main bioactive components responsible for the anti-AD activity of SH-F. Our findings provide new insights to develop a treatment strategy for AD by targeting proteostasis, and SH-F could be an alternative drug for the treatment of AD.

Mononuclear Iron Pyridinethiolate Complex Promoted CO2 Photoreduction via Rapid Intramolecular Electron Transfer.

Designing earth-abundant metal complexes as efficient molecular photocatalysts for visible light-driven CO2 reduction is a key challenge in artificial photosynthesis. Here, we demonstrated the first example of a mononuclear iron pyridine-thiolate complex that functions both as a photosensitizer and catalyst for CO2 reduction. This single-component bifunctional molecular photocatalyst efficiently reduced CO2 to formate and CO with a total turnover number (TON) of 46 and turnover frequency (TOF) of 11.5 h-1 in 4 h under visible light irradiation. Notably, the quantum yield was determined to be 8.4 % for the generation of formate and CO at 400 nm. Quenching experiments indicate that high photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the rapid intramolecular quenching protocol. The mechanism investigation by DFT calculation and electrochemical studies revealed that the protonation of Febpy(pyS)2 is indispensable step for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate via Transesterification of Ethylene Carbonate and Methanol over Mesoporous KF-loaded Mg-Fe Oxides.

A series of KF/Mg-Fe oxides were fabricated via the solid-state reaction between KF and Mg-Fe oxides. Especially, when 20 wt % KF was supported on the Mg-Fe bi-metal oxides and calcined at 400-600 °C, the solid material with more basic sites than the support itself was obtained. When applied as catalyst to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis through transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) and methanol, this material can afforded up to 88 % yield and 97 % selectivity toward DMC in 2 h under reflux conditions with the molar ratio of methanol to ethylene carbonate set at 8. It is worth noting that the catalyst was easily separated and reused, retaining at least 89 % catalytic activity during the first four recycles. Although an attenuated activity was still observed due to the inevitable filtration loss and dissolution, this solid base can still provide clues to the development recyclable catalyst in green synthesis of DMC.

Development and Characterization of an Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Film Composited by Hydroxyethyl Cellulose and Sulfated Rice Bran Polysaccharides for Food Packaging.

The nonantimicrobial properties and relatively poor mechanical properties of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) limit its use in packaging. Sulfated rice bran polysaccharides (SRBP) possess significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of SRBP on the physical and mechanical properties and the functional characteristics of HEC/SRBP films. The physical properties of the HEC/20% SRBP films, such as water resistance, water vapor barrier, light barrier, and tensile strength, improved significantly (p < 0.05) compared with those of the HEC films. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry showed that HEC formed hydrogen bonds with SRBP and exhibited better compatibility. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the addition of SRBP was beneficial to the thermal stability of the films. In addition, the antioxidant and bacteriostatic properties of the films were enhanced by the addition of SRBP to HEC, with the 20% SRBP films showing the most significant enhancement in activity. Therefore, the HEC/20% SRBP films show potential for development for use as active food packaging.

Anderson-type polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds.

Oxidative transformation of benzylic C-H bonds into functional carbonyl groups under mild conditions represents an efficient method for the synthesis of aromatic carboxylic acids and ketones. Here we report a high-efficiency catalyst system constructed from an Anderson-type polyoxometalate-based metal-Organic framework (POMOF-1) and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) for selective oxidation of methylarenes and alkylarenes under 1 atm O2 atmosphere. POMOF-1 exerted a synergistic effect originating from the well-aligned Anderson {CrMo6} clusters and Cu centers within the framework, and this entailed good cooperation with NHPI to catalyze the selective oxidation. Accordingly, the reactions exhibit good tolerance and chemical selectivity for a wide range of substrates bearing diverse substituent groups, and the corresponding carboxylic acids and ketones were harvested in good yields under mild conditions. Mechanism study reveals that POMOF-1 worked synergistically with NPHI to activate the benzylic C-H bonds of substrates, which are sequentially oxidized by oxygen and HOO˙ to give rise to the products. This work may pave a way to design high-efficiency catalysts by integration of polyoxometalate-based materials with NPHI for challenging C-H activation.

Tea polyphenols alleviate TBBPA-induced inflammation, ferroptosis and apoptosis via TLR4/NF-κB pathway in carp gills.

The extensive application of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) leads to the pollution of part of the water environment and brings great safety risks to aquatic animals. As a natural extract, tea polyphenols (TPs) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Gills are one of the immune organs of fish and constitute the first line of defense of the immune system. However, it was unclear whether TPs could mitigate TBBPA-induced gills injury. Therefore, an animal model was established to investigate the effect of TPs on TBBPA-induced gills. The results indicated that TBBPA changed the coefficient and tissue morphology of carp gills. In addition, TBBPA induced oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to ferroptosis and apoptosis in carp gills. Dietary addition of TPs significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of carp, effectively inhibited the overexpression of TLR4/NF-κB and its mediated inflammatory response. Moreover, TPs restored iron metabolism, reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic factors thereby alleviating ferroptosis and apoptosis in carp gills. This study enriched the protective effect of TPs and provided a new way to improve the innate immunity of carp.

Effect of electroacupuncture on ventricular structure and function in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. / ç”µé’ˆå¯¹å¿ƒè‚Œç¼ºè¡€å†çŒæ³¨æŸä¼¤å¤§é¼ å¿ƒå®¤ç»“æž„å’ŒåŠŸèƒ½çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on changes of ventricular structure and function in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), so as to explore its potential mechanisms underlying improvement of ventricular remodeling after MIRI. METHODS: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups：sham operation group, model group, EA group and medication (sacubactril valsartan, LCZ696) group, with 10 rats in each group. The MIRI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and reperfusion. EA (2 Hz/100 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC6) for 20 min, once every other day for 21 d. Rats of the medication group received gavage of LCZ696 (60 mg·kg-1·d-1). After the intervention, echocardiography was used to detect the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle, and the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed after HE staining. The Masson staining was used to evaluate the myocardial collagen deposition and myocardial fibrosis. The mRNA expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the myocardial tissue were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression levels of IL-1ß and IL-18 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: In contrast to the sham operation group, the EF and FS levels of the left ventricle were ob-viously decreased (P<0.001), while the contents of serum TNF-α, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, the proportion of myocardial fibrosis area, the mRNA expression levels of myocardial collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and CTGF, the expression levels of IL-1ß and IL-18 were significantly increased (P<0.001, P<0.000 1, P<0.05, P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the EF and FS levels were remarkably increased (P<0.01), whereas the contents of serum TNF-α, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, the proportion of myocardial fibrosis area, the mRNA expression levels of myocardial collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and CTGF, and the expression levels of IL-1ß and IL-18 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05) in both the medication and EA groups. No significant differences were found between the EA and medication groups in all the indexes mentioned above. CONCLUSIONS: EA can improve the left-ventricular fibrosis and function, delay or reverse ventricular remodeling in MIRI rats, which may be related to its functions in down-regulating myocardial inflammatory response and mRNA expression levels of myocardial collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and CTGF.

Advances in the study of silica nanoparticles in lung diseases.

Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the major forms of silicon dioxide and are composed of the most-abundant compounds on earth. Based on their excellent properties, SiNPs are widely used in food production, synthetic processes, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and other fields. The mass production and wide application of SiNPs increases the risk of human exposure to SiNPs. In the workplace and environment, SiNPs mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract and reach the lungs; therefore, the lungs are the most important and most toxicologically affected target organ of SiNPs. An increasing number of studies have shown that SiNP exposure can cause severe lung toxicity. However, studies on the toxicity of SiNPs in ex vivo and in vivo settings are still in the exploratory phase. The molecular mechanisms underlying the lung toxicity of SiNPs are varied and not yet fully understood. As a result, this review summarizes the possible mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell death. Moreover, this study provides a summary of the progression of diseases caused by SiNPs, thereby establishing a theoretical basis for future studies on the mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity.

Correlation between serum vitamin D level and uterine volume in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty.

OBJECTIVES: Investigate serum vitamin D (vit D) levels' relation to uterine volume in idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) girls and compare findings with normal peers. METHODS: Analyzed 278 ICPP cases from January 2017 to September 2022 alongside 239 normally developing girls. Collected clinical data and lab markers and performed subgroup analysis based on vit D levels. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The ICPP group exhibited elevated uterine volume and lower serum vit D compared to controls (p<0.05). A weak negative correlation was noted between vit D and uterine volume in ICPP (r=-0.193, p=0.004), and no such correlation in controls (r=-0.073, p=0.319). The ICPP vit D deficiency subgroup displayed higher uterine volume than the insufficiency and sufficiency subgroups (p<0.05). Uterine volume in the insufficiency subgroup exceeded the sufficiency subgroup (p<0.05). After adjusting for confounders, lower vit D is linked to increased ICPP uterine volume (non-standardized regression coefficient ß=-25.55, 95 % CI= -46.23, -4.87, p=0.016). A Limited correlation between vit D and uterine volume was seen in girls with normal pubertal timing. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a correlation between vit D and uterine volume in ICPP girls, absent in normal peers. ICPP girls often exhibit lower vit D levels and increased uterine volume. Further research is vital for understanding vit D's role in ICPP pathogenesis and guiding prevention and treatment strategies.

Meta analysis of ovulation induction effect and pregnancy outcome of acupuncture & moxibustion combined with clomiphene in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Using Mesh Meta Analysis to evaluate the efficacy of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Clomiphene, Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene for treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), in order to provide evidence-based medical evidence for whether to recommend Acupuncture & Moxibustion or Combine western medicine to treat PCOS. Methods: Eight databases including The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Date, VIP and CBM were searched by computer. The included research period is from the establishment of the database to May 2023, which concerned with randomized controlled trials involving Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Clomiphene, Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene on ovulation induction and pregnancy outcome in patients with PCOS. The duration of the research paper is from 2016 to 2023.The inclusion criteria refer to the Rotterdam standards issued by the European Center for Human Reproduction and Embryology and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine in January 2003, or the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by the Endocrinology Group of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Simultaneously exclude related diseases, repetitive literature, as well as literature with incomplete abstract information and no original data provided. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias included in the study, using Stata17.0 software for a mesh meta-analysis. Results: Six randomized controlled trials were included, covering 1410 PCOS patients. Three interventions included Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Clomiphene, Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene. Mesh Meta Analysis showed that in terms of improving ovulation rate, there was no statistical difference between Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A), Clomiphene (B), Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) (P>0.05).Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene (B) [MD=0.15,95% CI (-0.51,0.80)], Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) [MD=1.60,95% CI (0.97,2.23)], Clomiphene (B) versus Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) [MD=1.45,95% CI (0.91,1.99)]. In terms of pregnancy outcome, the difference between the three intervention methods was statistically significant (P<0.05). Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene (B) [MD=-0.80,95% CI (-1.84,0.23)], Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) [MD=0.29,95% CI (-0.73,1.30)], and Clomiphene (B) versus Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) [MD=1.09,95% CI (0.39,1.79)], The order of pregnancy rate from high to low is Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene (C), Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A), Clomiphene (C).In terms of influencing endometrial thickness, the difference between the three intervention methods was statistically significant (P<0.05). Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene (B) [MD=-0.84,95% CI (-1.87,0.19)], Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene (C) [MD=0.26,95% CI (-1.01,1.53)], Clomiphene (B) versus Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene (C) [MD=1.10,95% CI (0.36,1.84)], Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene (C) has the best effect on improving endometrial thickness. In subgroup analysis, the effect of Acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment frequency on ovulation rate and pregnancy rate was not statistically significant. The combination of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Electroacupuncture and warm Acupuncture & Moxibustion has no effect on the pregnancy rate, but the combination of Electroacupuncture and Clomiphene has the best effect on improving the ovulation rate. In the observation of adverse reactions, compared with clomiphene alone, Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene can reduce the occurrence of Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome (LUFS) and Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS), and reduce the occurrence of physical adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, headache and dermatitis. Conclusion: Acupuncture & Moxibustion is effective in improving the ovulation promoting effect and pregnancy outcome of PCOS patients. The ovulation promoting effect of Acupuncture & Moxibustion or combined with Clomiphene is similar to that of Clomiphene alone, but Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene has more advantages in improving the pregnancy rate of PCOS, and it also can reduce the adverse reactions of Clomiphene alone. Acupuncture & Moxibustion can be used as a recommended treatment for PCOS. More cases should also be included in the subgroup analysis to study the impact of Acupuncture & Moxibustion programs on clinical efficacy and further optimize the Acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment program. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, identifier (CRD42023433057).

Molecular detection of Bartonella species in wild small mammals in western Yunnan Province, China.

Background: Small mammals serve as the main reservoir for Bartonella and as a proxy indicator of the potential risk of Bartonella transmission from nature to humans. They offer a valuable early warning for human infection. Nevertheless, geographical variations in the impact of the host on the occurrence of Bartonella infection are underestimated. This study was designed to investigate the infection characteristics of Bartonella and explore its species diversity in wild small mammals in western Yunnan Province, China. Methods: Wild small mammals were captured from Yulong, Jianchuan, and Lianghe counties in western Yunnan Province between 2015 and 2016. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect Bartonella infection, and the Bartonella species were identified by phylogenetic analysis. The factors associated with Bartonella infection in small mammals were analyzed by the Chi-square Test. Results: The prevalence of Bartonella in small mammals was 47.85% (768/1605). Lianghe County had the highest Bartonella infection rate, with 56.27% of the samples tested positive, followed by a rate of 50.91% was tested in Yulong County, and 39.97% in Jianchuan County (p < 0.001). Bartonella was detected positive in a total 25 small mammal species, with infection rates ranging from 2.17% to 100%. Niviventer fulvescens had the highest Bartonella infection rate. In comparison with the dominant small mammal species, Eothenomys mileyus had the lowest Bartonella infection rate than that in Apodemus chevrieri, Rattus tanezumi, and Apodemus draco (p < 0.001). Male small mammals had a higher infection rate than females (p < 0.05). The prevalence of Bartonella in small mammals during the summer season was higher compared to the other three seasons (p < 0.001). Woodland landscape had the highest Bartonella infection rate (p < 0.001). Bartonella rochalimae, B. japonica, B. tribocorum, B. washoensis, B. sylvatica, and B. rattimassiliensis were obtained from infected small mammals. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of Bartonella was detected with various Bartonella species in small mammals in Yulong, Jianchuan, and Lianghe counties of western Yunnan Province. These findings hold significant scientific clues, providing valuable reference points for further research of Bartonella natural foci in Yunnan or other analogues environments.