RESUMEN
We report a case of Taenia solium taeniasis in a 10-year-old child in Timor-Leste, confirmed by molecular analysis, suggesting T. solium transmission to humans is occurring in Timor-Leste. Proactive measures are needed to improve public understanding of prevalence, geographic spread, and health implications of human taeniasis and cysticercosis in Timor-Leste.
Asunto(s)
Taenia solium , Teniasis , Humanos , Animales , Taenia solium/genética , Taenia solium/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Teniasis/parasitología , Teniasis/diagnóstico , Timor Oriental/epidemiología , Masculino , Cisticercosis/parasitología , Cisticercosis/diagnóstico , FemeninoRESUMEN
Allergic asthma is a major health burden on society as a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and muscle tightening around the airways in response to inhaled allergens. Daphne kiusiana Miquel is a medicinal plant that can suppress allergic airway inflammation; however, its specific molecular mechanisms of action are unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which D. kiusiana inhibits allergic airway inflammation. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of D. kiusiana and its major compound, daphnetin, on murine T lymphocyte EL4 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin in vitro and on asthmatic mice stimulated with ovalbumin in vivo. The EA fraction and daphnetin inhibited T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine secretion, serum immunoglobulin E production, mucus secretion, and inflammatory cell recruitment in vivo. In vitro, daphnetin suppressed intracellular Ca2+ mobilization (a critical regulator of nuclear factor of activated T cells) and functions of the activator protein 1 transcription factor to reduce interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression. Daphnetin effectively suppressed the IL-4/-13-induced activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling in vitro and in vivo, thereby inhibiting the expression of GATA3 and PDEF, two STAT6-target genes responsible for producing Th2 cytokines and mucins. These findings indicate that daphnetin suppresses allergic airway inflammation by stabilizing intracellular Ca2+ levels and subsequently inactivating the JAK/STAT6/GATA3/PDEF pathway, suggesting that daphnetin is a promising alternative to existing asthma treatments.
Asunto(s)
Asma , Quinasas Janus , Factor de Transcripción STAT6 , Transducción de Señal , Umbeliferonas , Animales , Umbeliferonas/farmacología , Umbeliferonas/uso terapéutico , Factor de Transcripción STAT6/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/inmunología , Asma/metabolismo , Quinasas Janus/metabolismo , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Femenino , Citocinas/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Células Th2/efectos de los fármacos , Células Th2/inmunología , Línea Celular , Daphne/química , Factor de Transcripción GATA3/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción GATA3/genética , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Calcio/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study experimentally investigated electrically assisted (EA) stress relief annealing for cold-coiled commercial automotive springs. In EA stress relief annealing, the temperature of a spring is rapidly increased to the annealing temperature (400 °C) and is held constant for a specified time using a pulsed electric current. Experimental findings show that the effectiveness of the EA stress relief annealing is superior to that of the conventional stress relief annealing, especially in terms of process time. The present study suggests that EA stress relief annealing, with properly selected process parameters, can effectively substitute for time-consuming conventional stress relief annealing using a furnace for cold-coiled automotive springs.