RESUMEN
To assess the spread and genetic characteristics of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene-carrying Staphylococcus aureus in Bangladesh, we investigated 59 strains (49 isolates from clinical specimens and 10 isolates colonized in the nasal cavities of medical staff), including 26 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The PVL gene was detected only in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains (7 clinical strains and 2 colonizing strains). PVL gene-positive MSSA strains were found to belong to coagulase serotypes III or VI and were classified into sequence types ST88 (CC88), ST772, and ST573 (CC1) by multilocus sequence typing, and agr types 2 or 3. These types were different from those determined for MRSA (coagulase serotypes I and IV, ST240 and ST361, and agr type 1). PVL gene-positive MSSA possessed a larger number of virulence factor genes than MRSA, although they were susceptible to more antimicrobials. These findings suggest that the PVL gene is distributed to limited populations of S. aureus clones with specific genetic traits that are distinct from MRSA in Bangladesh, but genetically close to CA-MRSA clones in the CC1 lineage reported in the United States and European countries.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Exotoxinas/genética , Leucocidinas/genética , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Staphylococcus aureus/clasificación , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/aislamiento & purificación , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Coagulasa/metabolismo , Exotoxinas/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Leucocidinas/aislamiento & purificación , Meticilina/farmacología , Resistencia a la Meticilina/genética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing organisms in an urban hospital in Dhaka City was assessed over a 10-month period. A double disk test was performed to detect ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 43.2% and 39.5% of E. coli and K. pneumoniae had ESBL phenotypes, respectively. The combination of augmentin with ceftazidime detected the most ESBL-producing E. coli (39.5%) while augmentin with ceftriaxone was the best combination for the detection of ESBL (31.6%) in K. pneumoniae.
Asunto(s)
Escherichia coli/enzimología , Klebsiella/enzimología , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio/farmacología , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Ceftazidima/farmacología , Ceftriaxona/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Hospitales Urbanos , Humanos , Klebsiella/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella/genética , Klebsiella/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Prevalencia , Resistencia betalactámica , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
A diagnostic method has been developed to detect anti-Leishmania donovani immunoglobulin G (IgG) in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In measuring anti-L. donovani IgG, IgA, and IgM in urine, the method performed best in the detection of IgG. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined with panels of urine samples from 62 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients, 59 healthy controls from areas of endemicity, 53 healthy controls from areas of nonendemicity, 59 malaria patients, 13 tuberculosis patients, 23 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, and 7 patients with other diseases. Using L. donovani promastigote crude antigen, the test had 93.5% sensitivity (58 positives of 62 VL patient samples) and 89.3% specificity (191 negatives of 214 non-VL patient samples). The ELISA with acetone-treated L. donovani promastigote antigen raised the sensitivity and specificity to 95.0 and 95.3%, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that most of the samples that cross-reacted with crude antigen in ELISA did not recognize any antigenic component of L. donovani crude antigen. We also checked 40 serum samples from the same group of VL patients for anti-L. donovani IgG and got 90.0% sensitivity with both crude and acetone-treated antigens. As collection of urine is much easier than collection of serum, the detection of anti-L. donovani IgG in urine with acetone-treated antigen will be useful in epidemiological studies. It could be an adjunct of laboratory diagnosis.