RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterize the immunohistochemical expression of galectin 1, 3, and 9 in normal oral epithelium, oral squamous papilloma, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for galectins 1, 3, and 9 was evaluated in 8 samples of normal oral squamous epithelium, 15 samples of oral squamous papilloma, and 41 samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical data were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test followed by Dunn's test. For all analyzes, it was adopted the value of P <0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in galectin- 3 expression when comparing ordinary mucosa and oral squamous papilloma with the oral squamous cell carcinoma samples. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that galectin-3 is closely involved in malignant transformation of oral mucosa cells.
RESUMEN
Oral cancer is a common neoplasm worldwide. Its incidence and mortality have also increased over the past decades. It is characterized by poor prognosis and a low survival rate despite sophisticated surgical and radiotherapeutic modalities. Metastasis of oral cancer is a complex process involving detachment of cells from tumor tissue, regulation of cell motility and invasion, proliferation and evasion through the lymphatic system or blood vessels. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge in metastasis from oral cancer regarding facts, such as incidence; stage, histopathology and grade of primary tumor; clinical manifestations; diagnosis; and treatment. Certainly, such information will contribute to the understanding of oral cancer pathogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Cadherinas/análisis , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Incidencia , Neoplasias de la Boca/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Clasificación del Tumor/métodos , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análisis , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Pronóstico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Oral cancer is a common neoplasm worldwide. The incidence and mortality have also increased in recent decades. It is characterized by poor prognosis and a low survival rate despite sophisticated surgical and radiotherapeutic modalities. The WNTs comprise a large family of highly conserved growth factors associated with a number of functions. In this review, we focus largely on the canonical pathway, revealing the recent findings, in oral cancer research, thereby raising our understanding of the mechanisms of this crucial signaling in several cellular activities.